WEEKLY LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEETS

Earth and Life Science 11 Quarter 2 Week 5

FUNCTIONAL RELATIONSHIPS OF THE ORGAN SYSTEMS

Name: ___________________________________________Section: ____________________

Learning Competency:
- Analyze and appreciate the functional relationships of the different organ systems
in ensuring animal survival (MELC S11/12LT-IIIaj- 22)
- Time Allotted: 2 hours
Specific Objectives
- Determine the organ systems involved from eating and digesting food to the
removal of waste.
- Connect the relationship of one organ system to other organ systems.
Key Concepts

In Biological definition, Physiology is the scientific study of function among living

organisms that explain the physical as well as the chemical factors responsible for the
development, origin and progression of life. Our body composed of many organ systems designed
to carry out the tasks in order for our body to survive. These organ systems should work/operate
harmoniously with each other. This harmony is known as Homeostasis. Homeostasis came from
the Greek words for "same" and "steady," which refers to any process that living things use to
actively maintain fairly stable conditions necessary for survival (Cannon, 1930). The term was
coined in 1930 by the physician Walter Cannon in his book, “The Wisdom of the Body”.
Scientifically, all the organs and tissues in our body function to maintain homeostasis.
There are eleven systems in the human body: Muscular System, Respiratory System,
Digestive System, Integumentary System, Skeletal System, Circulatory (or cardiovascular)
System, Excretory (or urinary) System, Reproductive System, Nervous System, Lymphatic
System, and Endocrine System. Each system has a special job. All of your body systems have
to work together to keep you alive and healthy. For example your bones and muscles work
together to support and move your body.

Nutrition: Getting Food to Cells

-The Digestive System function to
absorb water and nutrients from the food we
eat. The absorbed nutrients will then be
distributed throughout the body through the
help of the Circulatory System.
-The Circulatory System carries
chemical signals (hormones) from our
endocrine system that control the speed of
digestion.
-The hormones that control digestion are Amino Acids
gastrin, secretin, and cholecystokinin (CCK):

- Gastrin causes the stomach to produce

an acid for dissolving and digesting some
foods. It is also necessary for the normal
growth of the lining of the stomach, small

Author: Ian O. Cinco

School/Station: Talacogon National High School-Maharlika Annex Figure 1. The Digestive System
Division: Agusan del Sur Source: Pearson Education Inc, 2015
email address: [email protected]
intestine, and colon. Secretin causes the pancreas to send out a digestive juice that is rich in
bicarbonate. It stimulates the
stomach to produce pepsin, an
enzyme that digests protein, and it
also stimulates the liver to produce
bile. CCK causes the pancreas to
grow and to produce the enzymes
of pancreatic juice, and it causes
the gallbladder to empty
(International Foundation for
Gastrointestinal Disorders, 2019).
- Finger-like projections called
villi that line the walls of the small
intestine absorbed nutrients into
capillaries of the circulatory
system and then distributed the
nutrients throughout the body.

Gas Exchange with the

Environment
- The human respiratory Figure 2. Food Absorption
system is a series of organs Source: Wikimedia Commons, Keministi, 2018
responsible for taking in oxygen
and expelling carbon dioxide. The body cells need a continuous supply of oxygen for
the metabolic processes that are necessary to maintain life (Zimmermann, 2019).
- The lungs (Respiratory System) work with the Circulatory System to pump oxygen-rich
blood to all cells in the body. The blood then collects carbon dioxide and other waste products
and transports them back to the lungs, where they're pumped out of the body when we exhale
(American Lung Association).

-Gas exchange takes place

in the millions of alveoli in
the lungs and the capillaries
that envelop them. As shown
from figure 3, inhaled oxygen
moves from the alveoli to the
blood in the capillaries, and
carbon dioxide moves from
the blood in the capillaries to
the air in the alveoli (Dezube,
2019).
-The pulmonary vessels
operate backwards from the
rest of the body's
vasculature: The pulmonary
arteries carry deoxygenated
blood from the heart to the
lungs, and the pulmonary Figure 3. O2 & CO2 Exchange between the Respiratory
veins carry oxygenated blood and Circulatory Systems
back to the heart to be Source: Magnus George
distributed to the body.
Author: Ian O. Cinco
School/Station: Talacogon National High School-Maharlika Annex
Division: Agusan del Sur
email address: [email protected]
Circulation: The Internal Transport System
- The heart and
Circulatory System (also
called the cardiovascular
system) make up the
network that delivers blood
to the body’s tissues. With
each heartbeat, blood is
sent throughout our bodies,
carrying oxygen and
nutrients to all of our cells.
-The Circulatory System
is composed of the heart,
blood and blood vessels,
including arteries, veins,
and capillaries. Our bodies
have two circulatory
systems: Pulmonary
Circulation provides the
gaseous exchanges between
the pulmonary alveoli and
capillaries. This circuit
extends from the heart to
the lungs and back to the
heart (Barral & Croibier Figure 4. Pulmonary Circulation
2011). Source: Hernandez, 2017 (vhhealth2017)

- Systemic Circulation carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle, through the
arteries, to the capillaries in the tissues of the body. From the tissue capillaries, the
deoxygenated blood returns through a system of veins to the right atrium of the heart
(National Cancer Institute).
-The Circulatory System works closely with other systems in our bodies such as the
Nervous System, Muscular System and Respiratory System.
- Nervous System is made up of the brain, spinal cord and nerves. The brain sends
messages to the heart through the very tiny nerves that travels from the brain, spinal cord
and to your heart telling the heart to beat. The heart beat pumps blood throughout the body
so that nutrients and oxygen can be brought to cells and waste can be removed (Healthwise
Staff, 2019).
- Muscular System: The heart is a muscle. The expanding and contracting of this muscle
is what pumps blood throughout the body.
- The Respiratory System works directly with the Circulatory System to provide oxygen to
the body. Oxygen taken in from the Respiratory System passes through the thin lining of the
air sacs and moves into the blood vessels, this is known as diffusion. The oxygen in the blood
is then carried around the body to the bloodstream, reaching every cell (Informedhealth.org
2016).

Author: Ian O. Cinco

School/Station: Talacogon National High School-Maharlika Annex
Division: Agusan del Sur
email address: [email protected]
 The Need for Homeostasis
-Homeostasis is normally
maintained in the human
body by an extremely complex
balancing act. The Endocrine
System and the Nervous
System are both especially
important in sustaining and
regulating the body’s internal
balance. Regardless of the
variable being kept within its
normal range, maintaining
homeostasis requires at least
four interacting components:
stimulus, sensor, control
center, and effector.
-The stimulus is provided
by the variable that is being
regulated. Generally, the
stimulus indicates that the
Figure 5. Maintaining Homeostasis
value of the variable has Source: Wakim & Grewal 2020
moved away from the set point
or has left the normal range. Example: Body temperature exceeds 37◦C which is beyond the
normal range for body temperature. The sensor monitors the values of the variable and sends
data on it to the control center. Example: The Nerve cells in skin and brain serves as a sensor for
certain stimulus. The control center matches the data with normal values. If the value is not at
the set point or is outside the normal range, the control center sends a signal to the effector.
Example: The hypothalamus in the brain act as a control center that regulate body temperature
by sending signal to the
effector. The effector is
an organ, gland,
muscle, or other
structure that acts on
the signal from the
control center to move
the variable back
toward the set point.
Example: The sweat
glands in skin produce
sweat to release the
excess temperature in
the body to return the
temperature to normal
set point. (Wakim &
Grewa, 2020).
-Homeostasis is
maintained by negative
feedback loops within
the organism. In
contrast, positive Figure 6. Negative Feedback Loop
Source: courses.lumenlearning.com
Author: Ian O. Cinco
School/Station: Talacogon National High School-Maharlika Annex
Division: Agusan del Sur
email address: [email protected]
feedback loops push the organism further out of homeostasis, but may be necessary for life to
occur.
- An example of negative feedback is the maintenance of blood glucose levels. When an animal
has eaten, blood glucose levels rise, which is sensed by the Nervous System. Specialized cells in
the pancreas (part of the endocrine
system) sense the increase of blood
glucose thus releasing the hormone
insulin. Insulin causes blood glucose
levels to decrease. However, if an
animal has not eaten and blood glucose
levels decrease, this is sensed in a
different group of cells in the pancreas:
the hormone glucagon is released,
causing glucose levels to increase.
- The uterine contractions during
childbirth is an example of positive
feedback. The hormone oxytocin, made
by the endocrine system, stimulates the
contraction of the uterus. This
produces pain sensed by the Nervous
System. Instead of lowering the Figure 7. Positive Feedback Loop
oxytocin and causing the pain to Source: courses.lumenlearning.com
subside, more oxytocin is produced
until the contractions are powerful enough to produce childbirth (Lumen Learning, nd).

Salt and Water Balance and Waste Removal

- Excretory System regulates the chemical composition of body fluids by removing
metabolic wastes and retaining the proper amounts of water, salts, and nutrients. Components
of this system in vertebrates include the kidneys, liver, lungs, and skin.
-Excretory System Functions:
1. Collects water and filter body fluids;
2. Removes and concentrates waste products from body fluids and return other
substances to body fluids as necessary for homeostasis;
3. Eliminates excretory products from the body (Farabee, 2001).
-The Excretory System works with the Nervous and Endocrine, Urinary, Digestive
Systems.
- The hypothalamus links the Nervous and
Endocrine Systems by way of the pituitary
gland. Its function is to secrete releasing
hormones and inhibiting hormones that
stimulate or inhibit the production of
hormones in the anterior pituitary. Specialized
neuron clusters called neurosecretory cells in
the hypothalamus produce the hormones
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH). The principal
action of ADH is to regulate the amount of
water excreted by the kidneys. As ADH which
is also known as vasopressin, causes direct
water reabsorption from the kidney tubules, Figure 8. The Excretory System
salts and wastes are concentrated in what Source: Castilhos, Rodrigo H (Wikimedia commons)
Author: Ian O. Cinco
School/Station: Talacogon National High School-Maharlika Annex
Division: Agusan del Sur
email address: [email protected]
will eventually be excreted as urine. The hypothalamus controls the mechanisms of ADH
secretion, either by regulating blood volume or the concentration of water in the blood.
- It works with the Urinary System which happens in the Kidneys by filtering blood and
removing waste products and excess fluids from the body turning into urine and flows down to
two tubes called Ureters which deliver the urine and stored in the Urinary Bladder. The urine
then travels out of the body through a tube called Urethra.
- When blood pressure drops such as excessive bleeding or hemorrhage, the renin-
angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is activated, a hormone is responsible for maintaining
electrolyte concentrations in extracellular fluids known as aldosterone, a steroid hormone that
is produced by the adrenal cortex found above the kidneys. In contrast to ADH, which promotes
the reabsorption of water to maintain proper water balance, aldosterone maintains proper water
balance by enhancing Na+ reabsorption and K+ secretion from extracellular fluid of the cells in
kidney tubules (Boundless General Microbiology, 2020).
- It also works with the Digestive System by removing waste material (feces) of the digestive
process and passed into the rectum and eliminated from the body through the anus (Khan
Academy).
The Immune System: Defense from Disease
- The Immune System is made up of special organs, cells
and chemicals that fight infection (microbes). The main
parts of the Immune System are: White Blood Cells,
Antibodies, Lymphatic System, Spleen, Thymus, and
Bone Marrow. These parts of your Immune System actively
fight against infection (Better Health, 2017).
-The Integumentary, Respiratory, and Digestive Systems
are the first line of defense of the Immune System against
pathogens or disease-causing agents. Pathogens can enter
through your skin, the air you breathe, and even the food
you eat or liquids you drink.
- Sometimes foreign materials manage to get pass the
first line of defense. When this happens, the body relies on Figure 9. The Immune System
Source: OpenStax, CC BY 4.0
the Immune System to respond.
-White blood cells travel through
blood and tissue (Circulatory System)
and the Lymphatic System looking for
foreign invaders (microbes) such as
bacteria, viruses, parasites and fungi.
When they find them, they launch an
immune attack. When there’s an injured
or infected area of the body, WBC then
leaves the blood vessels and travel into
the damaged tissue where the immune
response takes place (Classzone.com,
2017).
-Types of White Blood Cells are
Monocytes, Lymphocytes, Neutrophils,
Basophils and Eosinophils. Monocytes.
have a longer lifespan than many white
blood cells and help to break down
bacteria inside the body. Lymphocytes Figure10. Injury and The Immune System
create antibodies to fight against bacteria, Source: creative-diagnostics.com
Author: Ian O. Cinco
School/Station: Talacogon National High School-Maharlika Annex
Division: Agusan del Sur
email address: [email protected]
 viruses, and other potentially harmful invaders. Neutrophils kill and digest bacteria and fungi.
They are the most numerous type of white blood cells and your first line of defense when
infection strikes. Basophils sound an alarm when infectious agents invade your blood. They
secrete chemicals such as histamine, a marker of allergic disease, that help control the body's
immune response. Eosinophils attack and kill parasites and cancer cells, and help with allergic
responses (University of Rochester).
- Antibodies also known as Immunoglobulin (Ig) help the body to fight microbes or the
toxins (poisons) they produce. They do this by recognizing substances called antigens on the
surface of the microbe, or in the chemicals they produce, which mark the microbe or toxin as
being foreign. The antibodies then mark these antigens for destruction (Better Health Channel,
2017).
- Certain illnesses can cause symptoms such as coughing, sneezing, and fever. These
symptoms make you uncomfortable when you are sick. But in fact, most symptoms are the
result of the immune system’s response to foreign materials in the body. The immune system
responds to foreign materials in two ways; Specific and Nonspecific response.
- Specific responses differ from nonspecific responses in two ways. First, specific responses
are triggered by antigens. Antigen is a chemical marker on a cell’s surface that indicates
whether the cell is from your body or is a foreign material. When the body detects a foreign
antigen, specific immune responses occur. Second, a specific immune response provides
protection from future exposure to the same material. Three major types of white blood cells—
Phagocytes, T cells, and B cells—function together in a specific response (Classzone.com, 2017).
- Nonspecific response: Swelling, redness, and heat are your body’s first defense reaction
against injuries and infections. These symptoms tell you that your body becomes infected by
foreign materials. When tissue becomes irritated or damaged, it releases large amounts of
histamine. Histamine raises the temperature of the tissues and increases blood flow to the area.
Increased blood flow, which makes the injured area appear red, allows antibodies and white
blood cells to arrive more quickly for battle. Higher temperatures improve the speed and power
of white blood cells. Some pathogens cannot tolerate heat, so they grow weaker (Classzone.com,
2017).
-The immune system keeps a record of every microbe it has ever defeated, in types of white
blood cells (B- and T-lymphocytes) known as memory cells. This means it can recognize and
destroy the microbea quickly if it enters the body again, before it can multiply and make you
feel sick (Better Health Channel, 2017).
How Hormones Govern Body Activities
- The Endocrine System produces hormones that function to control and regulate many
different body processes. The Endocrine System coordinates with the Nervous System to control
the functions of the other organ systems. Cells of the Endocrine System produce molecular
signals called hormones. Hormones circulate throughout the body and stimulate a response in
cells that have receptors able to bind with them. Many of the hormones are secreted in response
to signals from the Nervous System, thus the two systems act in concert to effect changes in the
body.
- The endocrine glands include the pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal glands, gonads,
pineal, and pancreas. These glands secrete different hormones into the surrounding interstitial
fluid; hormones then diffuse into blood and are carried to various organs and tissues within the
body. (Molnar, Charles & Gair, Jane)
-Ghrelin is a hormone that is produced by the stomach and released in response to hunger. It
increases appetite and stimulates the release of growth hormone. When administered to
humans, ghrelin increases food intake by up to 30%; it circulates in the bloodstream and acts at
the hypothalamus, an area of the brain crucial in the control of appetite (You and Your
Hormones, 2018).
Author: Ian O. Cinco
School/Station: Talacogon National High School-Maharlika Annex
Division: Agusan del Sur
email address: [email protected]
 - Adrenaline is a hormone produced in the medulla in the adrenal glands as well as some of
the Central Nervous System's neurons in response when you are in danger, in love or stress.
Within a couple of minutes during a stressful situation, adrenaline is quickly released into the
blood, sending impulses to organs to create a specific response (Hormone Health Network, 2018).
-Melatonin released by the pineal gland which controls your sleeping patterns. Levels
increase at night time making you feel sleepy. While you’re sleeping your pituitary gland releases
growth hormone which helps your body to grow and repair itself (Queensland Health, 2020).
The Nervous System
- Communication among organ
systems is vital if they are to work
together as a team. They must be
able to respond to each other and
change their responses as needed to
keep the body in balance.
Communication among organ
systems is controlled mainly by the
Autonomic Nervous System and
the Endocrine System. The
Autonomic Nervous System is part
of the Nervous System that controls
involuntary functions such as heart
rate, blood flow, and digestion. You
don’t have to tell your heart to beat
faster and to command your
stomach muscles to push food
through the digestive system.
- The Autonomic Nervous System
organizes or orchestrates all the Figure 11. The Nervous System
Source: biochemden.com
signals needed to control the
involuntary functions. It sends messages between parts of the Nervous System and other organ
systems via chemical messengers called Neurotransmitters (Wakim & Grewal, 2020).
- The two most common neurotransmitters released by neurons of the ANS are Acetylcholine
and Norepinephrine (McCorry, 2007).
- Acetylcholine is the chief neurotransmitter that contracts smooth muscles, dilates blood
vessels, increases bodily secretions, and slows heart rate. Acetylcholine can stimulate a response
or block a response and thus can have excitatory or inhibitory effects (Rogers, nd).
- Norepinephrine as a neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, it increases alertness,
arousal, speeds reaction time and has been shown to play a role in a person's mood and ability to
concentrate (Cassata, 2015).

Author: Ian O. Cinco

School/Station: Talacogon National High School-Maharlika Annex
Division: Agusan del Sur
email address: [email protected]
 System FUNCTIONAL RELATIONSHIP WITH THE NERVOUS SYSTEM

Skeletal System  Bones provide calcium that is essential for the proper
functioning of the nervous system.
 The skull protects the brain from injury.
 The vertebrae protect the spinal cord from injury.
 Sensory receptors in joints between bones send signals
about body position to the brain.
 The brain regulates the position of bones by controlling
muscles.

Cardiovascular System  Endothelial cells maintain the blood-brain

barrier.
 Baroreceptors send information to the brain about
blood pressure.
 Cerebrospinal fluid drains into the venous blood
supply.
 The brain regulates heart rate and blood pressure.

Muscular System  Receptors in muscles provide the brain with information

about body position and movement.
 The brain controls the contraction of skeletal muscle.
 The nervous system regulates the speed at which food
moves through the digestive tract.

Endocrine System  Hormones provide feedback to the brain to affect neural

processing.
 Reproductive hormones affect the development of the
nervous system.
 The hypothalamus controls the pituitary gland and
other endocrine glands.

Lymphatic System  The hypothalamus which is part of the brain

stimulate defense mechanisms against infection.

Respiratory System  The brain monitors respiratory volume and blood

gas levels.
 The apneustic (stimulating) and pneumotaxic
(limiting) center of the pons regulates respiratory
rate and breathing.

Author: Ian O. Cinco

School/Station: Talacogon National High School-Maharlika Annex
Division: Agusan del Sur
email address: [email protected]
 Digestive System  Digestive processes provide the building blocks for some
neurotransmitters.
 The autonomic nervous system controls the tone of the
digestive tract.
 The brain controls drinking and feeding behavior.
 The brain controls muscles for eating and elimination.
 When you are hungry the stomach secretes hormone
ghrelin (digestive system) which sends sensory
information to the brain.

Reproductive System  Reproductive hormones affect brain development and

sexual behavior.
 The chemicals in the brain (Vasopressin and Oxytocin)
controls mating behavior.

Urinary System  The bladder sends sensory information to the brain.

 The pons area known as the Pontine Micturition Center
of the brain controls urination.

Integumentary System  Receptors in skin send sensory information to the brain.

 The autonomic nervous system regulates peripheral
blood flow and sweat glands.
 Nerves control muscles connected to hair follicles.

(Source: How the Nervous System Interacts with other Body Systems
https://faculty.washington.edu/)
The Body in Motion
-Skeletal System is responsible for carrying
out actions and movements caused by messages
sent from our brains through our Nervous
System. The skeletal system works with the
Muscular System to help the body move.
Skeletal muscles are also responsible for
maintaining body posture.
-The Skeletal System supports and
protects the body’s internal organs. The ribs
protect the abdominal organs, which are both
vulnerable to injury and dangerous to our well
being when injured. The skull protects our brain
which controls all functions of our bodies and
minds. The skeleton provides the framework Figure12. The Musculoskeletal System
and shape to our bodies. It also connects to our Source: Coursehero.com
major muscles to allow movement
(Hill & Ponton Disability Attorneys).
Author: Ian O. Cinco
School/Station: Talacogon National High School-Maharlika Annex
Division: Agusan del Sur
email address: [email protected]
Exercises / Activities

Activity 1: The CARROT-THING

Objective: Determine the organ systems involved from eating and digesting food to the removal
of waste.
What you need: table, chair, carrots or any foods available.
What to do: In your dining area, sit on a chair facing a table and eat a carrot or any foods
available.

Guide Questions:
Directions: Write your answers in three sentences only.
1. What organ systems are used while sitting at the lunch table eating a carrot/food?
2. How do the organ systems in your body work together from eating and digesting the
carrot/food until its removal as waste materials?

Activity 2: RELATIONSHIP GOALS

Objective: Connect the relationship of one organ system to other organ systems.
What you need: Pen and Paper
What to do: Fill in the functions of the different organ systems below from the word bank and
connect the relationship of each pair of organ systems in two sentences.
WORD BANK
Support & Move the Body Exchange & Transport Gases (O2 & CO2)
Pumps Blood & Contract Cardiac Muscle Regulate, Control & Secrete Hormones
Absorb & Transport Nutrients Protect & Defend the body from infection

Human Body System Functions Relationship

1. Digestive & Circulatory Systems
2. Respiratory & Circulatory Systems
3. Circulatory & Muscular Systems
4. Nervous & Endocrine Systems
5. Skeletal & Muscular Systems
6. Immune & Integumentary System

Guide Questions:
Directions: Write your answers in three sentences only.
1. What will happen to the Endocrine System if the Nervous is not working
well?
2. What do the Digestive, Respiratory and Circulatory Systems have in
common? Why?
3. What systems of your body would be activated if you were surprised? Why?

Author: Ian O. Cinco

School/Station: Talacogon National High School-Maharlika Annex
Division: Agusan del Sur
email address: [email protected]
 WRITING RUBRIC
3 – Idea is clearly stated, and reasons are strong. Supports idea with clear and
thorough example.
2 – Idea is clearly stated, and reasons are stated. Example with explanation is also
stated.
1– Idea is not clear. No examples and explanation stated.

Reflection

1. Which of the following concepts that interest you the most and which is least interesting to
you? Check the table below.

Concepts Most Least

Interested Interested
Nutrition: Getting Food to Cells
Gas Exchange with the Environment
Circulation: The Internal Transport System
The Need for Homeostasis
Salt and Water Balance and Waste Removal
The Immune System: Defense from Disease
How Hormones Govern Body Activities
The Nervous System
The Body in Motion

Directions: Write your answer in three sentences only.

1. Did the activities help you understand the topic? Yes or No? Why?
2. What is the significance of the topic in your life? Why?

References for learners:

Barral, Jean-Pierre,. Croibier, Alain 2011 “Homeostasis of the Cardiovascular System.”

https://www.sciencedirect.com/topic/medicine-and-dentistry/pulmonary-circu
lation.

Better Health Channel, “Immune System Explained.” December 2017, https://ww

w.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/immune-system

Cassata, Cathy “What is Norepinephrine.?” Everyday Health 11 December 2015,

https://www.everydayhealth.com/norepinephrine/guide/#:~:text=Norepi
nephrine%20is%20a%20naturally%20occurring,%20stressful%20event%
20has%20occurred.

Dezube, Rebecca. “Exchanging Oxygen and Carbon dioxide.” John Hopkins

University, June 2019, https://ww.msdmanuals.com/home/lung-and
-airway-disorders/biology-of-the-lungs-and-airways/exchanging-oxygen
-and-carbon-dioxide.

Farabee, MJ “The Excretory System” https://www2.estrellamountain.edu/faculty

/farabee/biobk/BioBookEXCRET.html

Author: Ian O. Cinco

School/Station: Talacogon National High School-Maharlika Annex
Division: Agusan del Sur
email address: [email protected]
Healthwise Staff, Electrical Systems of the Heart” C.S Mott Children Hospital,
15 December 2019, https://www.mottchildren.org/health-library/ te7147abc

Hill & Ponton Disability Attorneys, “Human Body Organ Systems” 16 February
2018, https://www.hillandponton.com/human-body-organ-systems/

Hormone Health Network, “Hormones: What is Adrenaline?” November 2018, http

s://www.hormone.org/your-health-and-hormones/glands-and-hormones-a
-to-z/hormones/adrenaline

Informed Health Org, “How do lungs work?” National Center for Biotechnology
Information, 3 November 2016, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/
NBK401240/

Khan Academy, “The Digestive and Excretory Systems review.” https://www.khan

academy.org/science/high-school-biology/hs-human-body-systems/hs-the
-digestive-and-excretory-systems/a/hs-the-digestive-and-excretory-systems-
review#:~:text=The%20chyme%20then%20enters%20the,the%20body%20
through%20the%anus

Littell, McDougal “The Immune System Defends the Body.” Class Zone 2017, https:
//www.classzone.com/science_book/

Molnar, Charles.,Gair, Jane “Endocrine System” Concepts of Biology: First Cana

dian Edition, https://opentextbc.ca/biology/chapter11-4-endocrine-system/

National Cancer Institute, “Review: Introduction to the Cardiovascular System”

https://training.seer.cancer.gov/anatomy/cardiovascular/review.html

Queensland Health, “7 amazing things that happen to your body while you sleep”
Queensland Government, 6 August 2020, https://www.health.qld.gov.au/
news-events/news/7-amazing-things-that-happen-to-your-body-while-
you-sleep

Rogers, Kara “Acethylcholine” Encyclopaedia Britannica, https://www.britannica

.com/science/acethylcholine

University of Rochester Medical Center, “What are White Blood Cells?” 2020, https:
//www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx?ContentID=35&Con
TentTypeID=160

Wakin, Suzanne,.Mandeep, Grewal, “Homeostasis and Feedback.” Butte College

25 May 2020, https://biolibretext.org/Bookshelves/Human_Biology/Book
%3A_Human_Biology_(Wakim_and_Grewal)/10%3A_Introduction_to_the_
Human_Body/10.7%3A_Homeostasis_and_Feedback#:~:text=In%20a%20
positive%20feedback%20loop,include%20blood%clotting%20and%20child
birth

Wakin, Suzanne,.Mandeep, Grewal, “Interaction of Organ Systems” Butte College

25 May 2020, https://biolibretexts.org/Bookshelves/Human_Biology/Book
%3A_Human_Biology_(Wakim_and_Grewal)/10%3A_Introduction_to_the_
Human_Body/10.6%3A_Interaction_of_Organ_Systems#:~:text=The%20au
tonomic%20nervous%20system%20orchestrates,via%20chemical%20mes
sengers%20called%20neurotransmitters.&text=The%20endocrine%20sys
Author: Ian O. Cinco
School/Station: Talacogon National High School-Maharlika Annex
Division: Agusan del Sur
email address: [email protected]
 tem%20is%2ounder,a%20partof%20the%2obrain.

You and Your Hormone, “What is Ghrelin?” Society for Endocrinology 2018, https:
//www.yourhormones.info/hormones/ghrelin/

Zimmermann, Kim Ann “Respiratory System: Our Avenue for Gas Exchange” 23
August 2019, https://www.livescience/22616-respiratory-system.html
Photos

Chapman, Ian M “Overview of the Pituitary Gland” Merck Manual Consumer Ver
sion, August 2019, https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/hormonal-and
-metabolic-disorders/pituitary-gland-disorders/overview-of-the-pituitary-gland
George, Magnus “Respiratory System: External Respiration” 2015, https://slidepla
yer.com/slide/4463307

Lumen Learning, “Homeostasis” Boundless Biology, https://courses.lumenlearning

.com/boundless-biology/chapter/homeostasis/

VH Health, “Pulmonary Circulation” 2017, https://sites.google.com/site/vhhealth

2017/weel-12-cardiovasculardisease

Wakin, Suzanne,.Mandeep, Grewal, “Homeostasis and Feedback.” Butte College

25 May 2020, https://biolibretext.org/Bookshelves/Human_Biology/Book
%3A_Human_Biology_(Wakim_and_Grewal)/10%3A_Introduction_to_the_
Human_Body/10.7%3A_Homeostasis_and_Feedback#:~:text=In%20a%20
positive%20feedback%20loop,include%20blood%clotting%20and%20child
birth

Author: Ian O. Cinco

School/Station: Talacogon National High School-Maharlika Annex
Division: Agusan del Sur
email address: [email protected]
Answer Key

Author: Ian O. Cinco

School/Station: Talacogon National High School-Maharlika Annex
Division: Agusan del Sur
email address: [email protected]