DESIGN OF VERTICAL DROP FALL

Canal: Main (L+R)

hw
p

DP
d2 TW=dn

d3=ds d1 d4

Surface flow
SN Particulars Unit Symbol Formula Value Remarks
1 Drop m DP - 2.00
2 Canal
Discharge m3/s Q - 0.800
Full Supply Level m amsl FSLu - 74.482
Canal Bed Level m amsl CBLu - 73.982
Bed width m B - 1.20
Flow depth m dn - 0.500 (D=
Flow velocity m/s v - 1.06 0.80
Velocity head m va v2/(2g) 0.06 m)
Normal specific energy of flow m En dn+va 0.56
3 Flume
Full Supply Level m amsl FSLd - 74.482
Canal Bed Level m amsl CBLd - 73.982
Bed width m Bf - 1.200
For aeration,, basin bed width m Bb - 1.40
Head over crest m hw {Q/(1.7Bb)}2/3 0.48
Fall crest height m p dn+va-hw 0.07
Fall crest width m w 2hw 1.40
Let depth of stilling basin bed m ds - 0.29
Depth of st basin bed from crest m y p+DP+ds 2.36
Unit discharge
g m3/s/m q Q/Bf 0.57
Critical depth of flow m yc (q2/g)1/3 0.32
Specific energy over weir m Ef 1.5yc 0.48
Check m Ef' En-p 0.48 OK
4 Stilling basin parameters
Case I, Discharge, Qdesign=Q100% m3/s Qdesign Q 0.80
Unit discharge m2/s q Qdesign/Bf 0.57
2/3
Head over crest m hw {Qdesign/(1.7B)} 0.48
Ratio - DP/hw - 4.14
 Drop number mm Ď q2/(gy3) 0.0025
Ratio - Ld/y 4.3Ď0.27 0.85
0.425
Ratio - d1/y 0.54Ď 0.04
0.27
Ratio - d2/y 1.66Ď 0.33
Length m Lj 5(d2-d1) 3.40
Length m Ld (Ld/y)y 2.02
Height m d1 (d1/y)y 0.10
Height m d2 (d2/y)y 0.78
Total length of basin m L Lj+Ld 5.42 (Tw+d4)>d2, OK
Case II, Discharge, Qdesign=Q50% m3/s Qdesign 0.5Q 0.40
Unit discharge m2/s q Qdesign/Bf 0.33
Head over crest m hw {Qdesign/(1.7B)}2/3 0.34
Ratio - DP/hw - 5.93
Drop number mm Ď q2/(gy3) 0.0009
Ratio - Ld/y 4.3Ď0.27 0.64
Ratio - d1/y 0.54Ď0.425 0.03
Ratio - d2/y 1.66Ď0.27 0.25
Length m Lj 5(d2-d
d 1) 2.60
Length m Ld (Ld/y)y 1.51
Height m d1 (d1/y)y 0.06
Height m d2 (d2/y)y 0.58
Total length of basin m L Lj+Ld 4.11 (Tw+d4)>d2, OK
Case III, Discharge, Qdesign=Q10% m3/s Qdesign 0.1Q 0.08
Unit discharge m2/s q Qdesign/Bf 0.07
Head over crest m hw {Qdesign/(1.7B)}2/3 0.12
Ratio - DP/hw - 17.33
2 3
Drop number mm Ď q /(gy ) 0.0000
Ratio - Ld/y 4.3Ď0.27 0.27
0.425
Ratio - d1/y 0.54Ď 0.01
0.27
R ti
Ratio - d2/y
/ 1 66Ď
1.66Ď 0 10
0.10
Length m Lj 5(d2-d1) 1.14
Length m Ld (Ld/y)y 0.63
Height m d1 (d1/y)y 0.02
Height m d2 (d2/y)y 0.24
Total length of basin m L Lj+Ld 1.77 d3>d2, OK
Adopt total length of basin m L - 6.00
Also, a length equal to 1.8m in u/s side and 2m on d/s side of the fall structure shall be lined.

Subsurface flow
SN Particulars Unit Symbol Formula Value Remarks
D/S expansion Transition
Length (assuming a slope of 3:1) m Le 3(B Bf)/2
3(B-B 0 00
0.00
Radius m Re Le2/(B-Bf)+(B-Bf)/4 0.00
Downstream protection
Length m DP+Ec 2.56
Provide 3.00
U/S and D/S cutoff
Depth of u/s curtain wall m - Ec/3+0.6 0.79
Adopt m - 0.80
Depth of d/s curtain wall m d Ec/2
/2+0.6
0.6 0.88
Adopt m - 0.90
Minimum required m - 0.3
Provide m d 0.90
Total floor length and exit gradient (Bligh's Creep Theory)
Safe exit gradient - GE 1/5 0.2
Max. Static head m H FSLu-CBLd+ds 0.79
Depth of d/s cut off m d - 0 90
0.90
Factor - l [H/(pdGE)]2 1.95
2
Factor - a √[(2l-1) -1] 2.73
Floor length m b ad 2.45
Let
u/s and d/s cutoff thickness m - Assumed 0.2
end cill (1:1) m - ds 0.29
cistern length (min 1.5m) m - 1.5 or L 6.00
crest width m - 2hw 0.97 For BC weir
u/s cutoff thickness m - Assumed 0.2
u/s floor (min 2m) m - - 1.80 (excl cutoff thkn)
d/s floor length required m 0.00
However, use d/s floor length m - - 1.80 (excl cutoff thkn)
Total m 11.26 OK
Total creep length m 14.66
Location d/s of u/s pile basin u/s basin d/s u/s of d/s pile d/s of d/s pile
% pressure remaining 0.81 0.69 0.28 0.26 0.00
RL of HGL 74.333 74.236 73.912 73.896
RL of Water Surface/Floor 73.982 73.692 73.692 73.982
unbalanced head 0.35 0.54 0.22 -0.09
thicknesss required 0.23 0.36 0.15 0.00
Provide 0.25 0.40 0.20 0.20 0.20