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07 Application Heat Transfer

This document describes the application of the finite element method to solve heat transfer problems in one and two dimensions. It presents the governing equations and boundary conditions for steady state heat transfer through a plane wall, fin, and two-dimensional geometry. It then outlines the finite element formulation using weighted residuals, including derivation of the stiffness matrix [K] and load vector {f} for each problem. Sample problems are presented to illustrate the method.

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93 views

07 Application Heat Transfer

This document describes the application of the finite element method to solve heat transfer problems in one and two dimensions. It presents the governing equations and boundary conditions for steady state heat transfer through a plane wall, fin, and two-dimensional geometry. It then outlines the finite element formulation using weighted residuals, including derivation of the stiffness matrix [K] and load vector {f} for each problem. Sample problems are presented to illustrate the method.

Uploaded by

Anamol
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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FINITE ELEMENT METHOD

ME751
Mechanical IV/II
Chapter 7
APLICATIONS: HEAT
TRANSFER
7.1 One Dimensional Plane Wall
Steady state heat transfer through plane wall is given by
..... (1)

with boundary conditions


..... (2)

where

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Using weighted residual principle

Substituting

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..... (3)

Equation [3] can also be expressed as


..... (4)
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Then elements of [K]k are determined by

..... (5)

Substituting Ni = (1 – x/L) and Nj = x/L, we get

..... (6)

Then elements of [K]h, which is defined only for the


element at the right end, are determined by
..... (7)
Substituting Ni = 0 at x = L and Nj = 1 at x = L, we get
..... (8)
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Then elements of {f}Q are determined by

..... (9)

Substituting Ni = (1 – x/L) and Nj = x/L, we get

..... (10)

Then elements of {f}h, which is defined only for the


element at the right end, are determined by
..... (11)

Substituting Ni = 0 at x = L and Nj = 1 at x = L, we get


..... (12)
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7.2 One Dimensional Fin

Steady state heat transfer through an one dimensional fin is given by

..... (13)

with boundary conditions


..... (14)

where P is perimeter.
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Using weighted residual principle

Substituting

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..... (15)
Equation [15] can also be expressed as
..... (16)
Then elements of [K]hP are determined by

..... (17)

Substituting Ni = (1 – x/L)
and Nj = x/L, we get ..... (18)
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Then elements of {f}hP are determined by

..... (19)

Substituting Ni = (1 – x/L) and Nj = x/L, we get

..... (20)

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EXAMPLE 7.1
A metallic fin, with thermal conductivity 70 W/mK, 1 cm radius
and 5 cm long extends from a plane wall whose temperature is
140°C. Determine the temperature distribution along the fin if
heat is transferred to ambient air at 20°C with heat transfer
coefficient of 5 W/m2K. Take two elements along the fin.

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7.3 Two Dimensional Heat Transfer
Steady state two dimensional heat transfer is given by

..... (1)

with boundary conditions

..... (2)

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Using weighted residual principle

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Using gradient theorem

Combining first and third terms

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Since G = Gϕ + Gq + Gh and substituting

Since wi = 0 on Gϕ

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..... (23)

Equation [23] can also be expressed as


..... (24)

Then elements of [K]k are determined by

..... (25)

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Substituting Ni = ai + bi x +ci y , Nj = aj + bj x +cj y and Nk
= ak + bk x +ck y, we get

..... (26)

Then elements of [K]h, which is defined only for the edges of the
element subjected to convection, are determined by
..... (27)

If jk edge of an element is subjected to convection, Ni = 0


on the edge jk and Nj = (1 – s/sjk) and Nj = (s/sjk) on the
edge jk, we get

..... (28)
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Then elements of {f}Q are determined by

..... (29)

Element values of {fi}Q can be determined to be


..... (30)

Then elements of {f}q, which is defined only for the edges


of the element subjected to convection, are determined by
..... (31)

If jk edge of an element is subjected to convection, Ni = 0


on the edge jk and Nj = (1 – s/sjk) and Nj = (s/sjk) on the
edge jk, we get
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..... (32)

Then elements of {f}h, which is defined only for the edges


of the element subjected to convection, are determined by
..... (33)

If jk edge of an element is subjected to convection, Ni = 0


on the edge jk and Nj = (1 – s/sjk) and Nj = (s/sjk) on the
edge jk, we get
..... (34)

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EXAMPLE 7.2
Determine the temperature distribution for a square plate shown
in Figure. Take Q = 1000 W/m2 and k = 1 W/m.K. Temperature
along all edges is 00C.

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EXAMPLE 7.3
Calculate the k and f matrices for the element shown in Figure.
The conductivities are Kxx = Kyy = 15 W/(m 0C) and the
convection coefficient is h = 20 W/(m2 0C). Convection occurs
across the i-m surface. The free-stream temperature is T¥ = 15
0C. The coordinates are shown expressed in units of meters. Let

the line source be Q = 100 W/m as located in the figure. Take the
thickness of the element to be 1 m.

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