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Introduction To Integers

The document introduces integers and their properties. It defines natural numbers and whole numbers, and describes properties of addition, subtraction, multiplication and division of integers. Integers are closed under addition and subtraction. They are not closed under division. The number line is used to represent integers and visualize integer operations like addition and subtraction graphically.

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Midhun Bhuvanesh.B 7A
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43 views

Introduction To Integers

The document introduces integers and their properties. It defines natural numbers and whole numbers, and describes properties of addition, subtraction, multiplication and division of integers. Integers are closed under addition and subtraction. They are not closed under division. The number line is used to represent integers and visualize integer operations like addition and subtraction graphically.

Uploaded by

Midhun Bhuvanesh.B 7A
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to Integers

Introduction to Numbers
Natural Numbers : The collection of all the counting numbers is called set of natural numbers. It
is denoted by N = {1,2,3,4….}
Whole Numbers: The collection of natural numbers along with zero is called a set of whole
numbers. It is denoted by W = { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, … }

Properties of Addition and Subtraction of Integers


Closure under Addition and subtraction
For every integer a and b, a+b and a–b are integers.
Commutativity Property for addition
for every integer a and b, a+b=b+a
Associativity Property for addition
for every integer a,b and c, (a+b)+c=a+(b+c)

Additive Identity & Additive Inverse


Additive Identity
For every integer a, a+0=0+a=a here 0 is Additive Identity, since adding 0 to a number leaves it
unchanged.
Example : For an integer 2, 2+0 = 0+2 = 2.
Additive inverse
For every integer a, a+(−a)=0 Here, −a is additive inverse of a and a is the additive inverse of-a.
Example : For an integer 2, (– 2) is additive inverse and for (– 2), additive inverse is 2. [Since +
2 – 2 = 0]

Properties of Multiplication of Integers


Properties of Multiplication of Integers
Closure under Multiplication
For every integer a and b, a×b=Integer
Commutative Property of Multiplication
For every integer a and b, a×b=b×a
Multiplication by Zero
For every integer a, a×0=0×a=0
Multiplicative Identity
For every integer a, a×1=1×a=a. Here 1 is the multiplicative identity for integers.
Associative property of Multiplication
For every integer a, b and c, (a×b)×c=a×(b×c)
Distributive Property of Integers
Under addition and multiplication, integers show the distributive property.
i.e., For every integer a, b and c, a×(b+c)=a×b+a×c
These properties make calculations easier.
Division of Integers
Division of Integers
When a positive integer is divided by a positive integer, the quotient obtained is a positive
integer.
Example: (+6) ÷ (+3) = +2
When a negative integer is divided by a negative integer, the quotient obtained is a positive
integer.
Example: (-6) ÷ (-3) = +2
When a positive integer is divided by a negative integer or negative integer is divided by
a positive integer, the quotient obtained is a negative integer.
Example: (-6) ÷ (+3) =−2 and Example: (+6) ÷ (-3) = −2

The Number Line

Number Line
Representation of integers on a number line

On a number line when we


(i) add a positive integer for a given integer, we move to the right.
Example : When we add +2 to +3, move 2 places from +3 towards right to get +5
(ii) add a negative integer for a given integer, we move to the left.
Example : When we add -2 to +3, move 2 places from +3 towards left to get +1
(iii) subtract a positive integer from a given integer, we move to the left.
Example: When we subtract +2 from -3, move 2 places from -3 towards left to get -5
(iv) subtract a negative integer from a given integer, we move to the right
Example: When we subtract -2 from -3, move 2 places from -3 towards right to get 1

Addition and Subtraction of Integers


The absolute value of +7 (a positive integer) is 7
The absolute value of -7 (negative integer) is 7 (its corresponding positive integer)
Addition of two positive integers gives a positive integer.
Example : (+3)+(+4) = +7
Addition of two negative integers gives a negative integer.
Example : (−3)+(−4) = −3−4=−7
When one positive and one negative integers are added, we take their difference and place
the sign of the bigger integer.
Example : (−7)+(2) = −5
For subtraction, we add the additive inverse of the integer that is being subtracted, to the other
integer.
Example : 56–(–73) = 56+73 = 129

Introduction to Zero
Integers
Integers are the collection of numbers which is formed by whole numbers and their
negatives.
The set of Integers is denoted by Z or I. I = { …, -4, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4,… }

Properties of Division of Integers


Properties of Division of Integers
For every integer a,
(a) a÷0 is not defined
(b) a÷1 = a
Note: Integers are not closed under division
Example: (– 9) ÷ (– 3) = 2. Result is an integer.
and (−3)÷(−9)= 1/3. Result is not an integer.

Multiplication of Integers
Multiplication of Integers
Product of two positive integers is a positive integer.
Example : (+2)×(+3) = +6
Product of two negative integers is a positive integer.
Example :(−2)×(−3) = +6
Product of a positive and a negative integer is a negative integer.
Example :(+2)×(−3) = −6 and (−2)×(+3) = −6
Product of even number of negative integers is positive and product of odd
number of negative integers is negative.
These properties make calculations easier.

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