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Visualising Solid Shapes Notes

This document discusses visualizing solid shapes in math. It defines solids as three-dimensional shapes that have length, breadth, and height. Examples of solids include cubes, cuboids, cylinders, spheres, and pyramids. The document explains that solids can be visualized from different perspectives like views, cross-sections from slicing, shadows, or breaking them into smallest units. It also discusses properties of solids like the number of faces, edges, and vertices. Methods to represent 3D solids on a 2D surface like paper using nets, oblique sketches, and isometric sketches are introduced.

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Midhun Bhuvanesh.B 7A
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166 views

Visualising Solid Shapes Notes

This document discusses visualizing solid shapes in math. It defines solids as three-dimensional shapes that have length, breadth, and height. Examples of solids include cubes, cuboids, cylinders, spheres, and pyramids. The document explains that solids can be visualized from different perspectives like views, cross-sections from slicing, shadows, or breaking them into smallest units. It also discusses properties of solids like the number of faces, edges, and vertices. Methods to represent 3D solids on a 2D surface like paper using nets, oblique sketches, and isometric sketches are introduced.

Uploaded by

Midhun Bhuvanesh.B 7A
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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8/9/2020 Visualising Solid Shapes

What are Solids in Maths?


Dimensions

Dimension is a measurable length along a direction.


Dimensions are length, breadth (or width) or height (or depth).
A point is dimensionless.
Based on the number of dimensions a figure has, there are one-dimensional, two-
dimensional and three-dimensional figures.

You Already Know These Shapes!!


1D and 2D figures

One-dimensional figures do not enclose any area and have only one direction.
Example : A ray or a line segment.
Two-dimensional figures have an area associated with them.
They have length and breadth or width.
They are usually plane figures, like squares , rectangles and circles.

Solid Shapes

Solid shapes have length, breadth or width and depth or height.


They are called 3D or three-dimensional shapes.
Example: Cuboids, Cylinders, Spheres and Pyramids.

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Perspectives of a Solid Shape


Visualising solid shapes

Solid shapes can be visualised in different ways.


Solid shapes can be formed by placing some solid shapes side by side to form a new
solid shape.
Example: (i) A cylinder is formed by stacking up circles vertically.
                (ii) Cubes can be formed by placing cubes side by side.

Visualising solid objects by viewing the smallest unit

A solid can be visualised by breaking it down to the smallest unit.


For example, a cube of dimensions (3cm x 3cm x 3cm) can be made up of 27
small cubes of dimensions (1cm x 1cm x 1cm).

     

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Viewing sections of a solid by slicing or cutting

If you cut or slice a solid we get to view the cross-section.


Example: If a loaf of bread is cut vertically, then the crosssection is almost a square.
But if it is cut or sliced horizontally, the cross-section is a rectangle.
Similarly other solid shapes can be sliced in order to find their 2D cross-sectional
shapes.
Example: A cucumber cut vertically gives a circle.

        

Viewing sections of a solid by using shadows

Shadows can be used to view 3D objects as 2D shapes.


Example: The shadows of a cylinder are shown below. 

Different views of a Solid

A solid can be visualised by looking at it from different angles, namely: (i) Front view
(ii) Top view (iii) Side view.
Example: The different views of a figure are shown below.

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Quantities Associated with a Solid


Faces, edges and vertices

The corners of a solid shape are called its vertices.


The line segment joining two vertices is called an edge, or when two planes of a solid
meet it forms an edge.
The surfaces of a solid shape is called as its face.

The table below shows the number of faces, edges and vertices some solid shapes
have.

     

Nets of Solid Shapes


Building 3-D objects
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A net is a flattened out skeletal outline or a blueprint of a solid which can be folded
along the edges to create solid.
The same solid can have multiple nets.
Example : A net for a cube box.

Representing 3D Shapes on a Paper


Drawing solids on a flat surface

Solid shapes can be represented on a 2D flat surface like paper.


This is done by drawing oblique sketches, to make it appear 3D. This is called as 2D
representation of a 3D solid.

Obliques sketches

Oblique sketches do not have the exact length of a solid shape, but appears exactly like
the solid shape.
Example: Drawing an oblique sketch of a cube: 
Step 1: Draw the front and the opposite faces.
Step 2: Join the corresponding corners. (Figure 1) 
Step 3: Redraw using dotted lines for hidden edges. (Figure 2)
             This gives the oblique sketch of the cube.

Isometric sketches

Isometric sketches have measurements equal to that of the solid.

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They are usually drawn on an isometric dotted paper.


Example: Drawing isometric sketch of a cuboid of dimensions 4 × 3 × 3:

           Step 1: Draw a rectangle to show the front face of the cuboid.


          

           Step 2: Draw four parallel line segments of length three starting from the four corners
of the rectangle.
                    

           Step 3: Connect the corresponding corners using appropriate line segments.


           

            Step 4: The figure thus obtained is the isometric sketch of the cuboid.
           

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