INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ROORKEE

EEN-206: Power Transmission and Distribution

Lecture - 18

Chapter 4: Line Parameters and Performance of Lines

• Inductance of single-phase line
DC AC
Line Parameters and
Performance of Lines
Line Parameters
• Resistance
• Inductance
• Capacitance
• Conductance

• Conductance is due to leakage over line insulators.

• Also, conductance is quite variable.
• Fortunately, the effect conductance is a negligible component of shunt admittance.

3
 Resistance
• The DC resistance of conductor at specified temperature • ACSR Conductors
is:
 l
R T 
A
 ρT is the resistivity of the conductor at temperature T
 l is the length of the conductor in m
 A is the cross-sectional area of conductor in m2

• Temperature Dependence
Rt 2 (1   0T2 )
Rt  R0 (1   0T ) and 
Rt1 (1   0T1 )
a l a l  a 1.05 1000 
 R0 is the resistance at 0 0C R  
 α0 is the temperature coefficient of the resistance of
A ns As   d s2 
ns  
conductor  4 

4
ACSR Conductor Data Sheets
AC Resistance: Skin and Proximity Effect

Skin Effect

DC AC

Proximity Effect
in stranded conductor

DC AC

6
Inductance of
Overhead Line
Inductance
• Most dominant line parameter I

di
e L Hx
dt
d d di Bx  0 H x
e  
dt di dt
dx  Bx  dx  1

d d x  N x d x
• Therefore L
di
   d x

 
• In linear magnetic systems L L
i I

8
Internal Inductance

dx r 2  I  x2 x2
Ix  2 I  2 I
r x 2  I x r r
xH
x Therefore

Ix I 1 x2 I
Hx  x Hx  I  x
2x 2x r 2
2r 2

0 I
 H  dl  I
x x Bx  0 H x  x
2 r 2
H  dl  I
x x here  dl  2 x
Which gives flux through small tube of thickness dx

0 I
H x 2 x  I x dx  Bx 1 dx   xdx
2 r 2

9
Inductance of the Lines

dx 0 I
dx  Bx 1 dx   xdx
r dϕ 2 r 2
x
Hx
Ix
1m

10
Internal Inductance
 Flux linkages due to flux in the tube
dx
 x2 x 2 0 I 0 I 3
r d x  2 d  x  2  xdx  x dx
xH r r 2 r 2
2 r 4

Ix  Total internal Flux linkages

 0 I  x 4 
xr
r
0 I 3 
int   x dx 
2 r 4 2r 4  4 
0  x 0 

0 I  r 4 
   0 
2r 4  4 

I 0 I 4 107 I I
dx  Bx 1 dx   0 2 xdx 
8

8
  107
2
2 r
int 1
 Thus Lint   107
I 2
11
External Inductance

I 0 I
dx Hx  Bx  P1
2x 2 x
D1
r x P2
 Flux linkages due to flux in the tube D2

Hx 0 I
dx  Bx dx 1  dx
I 2 x

 Total internal Flux linkages due to flux between D1 to D2

D2
0 I 0 I D2
1  I
ext   dx   dx  0 ln D2  ln D1 
2 x 2 2
 H x  dl  I D1 D1
x

H x  dl  I 
0 I D2 4 107 I D2
ln  ln
D
 2 107 I ln 2
2 D1 2 D1 D1
here  dl  2x D2
 Therefore Lext  2  107 ln
2 xH x  I D1

12
Inductance of Single-Phase Line
1 D 
A  107 I1   2 ln 
2 r1 
1 D 
A  2 107 I1   ln 
4 r1 

7  1
D 
 2 10 I1  ln e 4  ln 
 r1 
 1 D 
 2 10 I1  ln 1  ln
7 
  r1 
 e 4 
 
7  D 
 2 10 I1 ln 1
 
 e 4 r 
1  1 
int  107 I1  D 
2  2 107 I1  ln 
 0.7788 r1 
D
ext  2 107 ln I1  D 
 2 107 I1  ln ,  r1'  0.7788r1
r1  r1 

13
Inductance of Single-Phase Line
1  D 
LA   2 107  ln , 
I  r1 

2  D 
LB   2 107  ln , 
I  r2 

If r1  r2 = r
 D 
LA  2 107  ln , 
 r 
 D 
LB  2  107  ln , 
 D   r 
A  2  107 I  ln 
 r1, 
Loop Inductance is
 D   D 
B  2 107   I   ln  Lloop  LA  LB  4  107  ln , 
 r2, 
 r 
14
Flux Linkage of Conductor A

Flux Linkage of Conductor A Flux Linkage of Conductor A

due to Current in Conductor A due to Current in Conductor B

Dap Dbp
AA  2 107 I ln   2 10 ( I ) ln
B
A
7

r ' D
15
Total Inductance
P A  AA  AB
Dap Dbp
 2 10 7 I ln  2 107 I ln
r' D
 1 1 
 2 10 7 I  ln    ln Dap  ln    ln Dbp 
Dap   r' D 
Dbp
 D  Dap  

 2  10 I ln   ln
7 
  r'   D 
  bp  
If P is at very long distance from conductor Dap  Dbp

  D 
 A  2 10 7 I  ln  
A B   r'  
I -I   D 
LA  2 10 7  ln  
  r'  
16
Inductance of Three-Phase Line

Symmetrical Spacing Un-Symmetrical Spacing

 Line with Symmetrical Spacing
I a  Ib  Ic  0

Flux Linkages of Conductor A Flux Linkages of Conductor A Flux Linkages of Conductor A

due to Current in A due to Current in B due to Current in C
Dap Dbp Dcp
  2 10 I a ln
a 7
  2 10 I b ln
b 7   2 10 I c ln
c
a
7
a
r ' a
D D
a c b
b a c
c b a