9

Technology and
Livelihood Education 9
(Computer Hardware Servicing)
Quarter 3 – Module 6:

(Part I )
Basic Concepts of Electricity
Technology and Livelihood Education – Grade 9
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 3 – Module 6: Basic Concepts of Electricity (Part I)
First Edition, 2020

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 9
Technology and
Livelihood
Education 9
(Computer Hardware Servicing)
Quarter 3 – Module 6:
Basic Concepts of Electricity
(Part I)

Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners,
can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions,
directions, exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand
each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-
bystep as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each

SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you
need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of
the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-
check your learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust
that you will be honest in using these.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also
provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they
can best help you on your home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any
part of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and
tests. And read the instructions carefully before performing each task.

If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering
the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.

Thank you.
 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
master the basic concepts of electricity needed in working with computer devices
and equipment. The scope of this module permits it to be used in many different
learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of
students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course.
But the order in which you read them can be changed to correspond with the
textbook you are now using.

The set of modules was designed and written to help you be familiar with the
different concept and develop the different skills required in the specialization
Computer Hardware Servicing. This module particularly focuses on how to
diagnose and configure computer systems and networks of computer system
errors.

After going through this module, you are expected to diagnose and configure
computer systems and networks of computer system errors (TLE_ICTCS9DT-IIIf-j-
2).

1. Familiarize yourself with the basic concepts of electricity.

What I Know

Read each item carefully. Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your
answers on a separate sheet of paper.
1. It is the flow of electrons which can be transformed to energy.
a. electricity b. matter c. conductor d. insulator
2. The positively charged particle of an atom.
a. proton b. neutron c. electron d. nucleus
3. These are electrons knocked out from orbit in an unbalanced atom.
a. free electrons b. roaming electrons c. orbiting electrons d. dead electrons
4. The amount of electric potential or potential difference is measured in

1
Q3_TLE(CHS)9_ Module 6
a. volts b. amperes c. ohms d. watts
5. It is a movement of positive or negative electric particles.
a. voltage b. current c. resistance d. wattage
6. It is the opposition offered by a body or substance to the passage through it of a
steady electric current.
a. voltage b. current c. resistance d. wattage
7. The amount of current flowing in a circuit is measured in
a. volts b. amperes c. ohms d. watts
8. These are materials that have low resistance to flow of electricity.
a. atom b. matter c. conductor d. insulator
9. Which of the following is NOT an example of a conductor?
a. silver b. gold c. bronze d. sulfur
10. Which of the following is NOT an example of an insulator?
a. water b. wood c. plastic d. glass

Check your answer using the key to corrections.

Were you able to get all the correct answers? If yes, then that means you
already know much about our topic in this module.

If not, it is alright. Because that means you will learn something new from
this module.

Lesson

1 Basic Concepts of Electricity

This module will help you have fundamental knowledge about electricity. It will
equip you with the basic knowledge on electrical terms.

What’s In

Before we proceed to our topic, let us look back at the previous lesson. This will
test if you remember what you learned about the lesson you have finished.

2
Q3_TLE(CHS)9_ Module 6
Activity 1: Who Am I

Read each item carefully. Write YES if the statement applies OHS and NO if not.
Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Marie eats a sandwich while preparing her tools to diagnose the computer.
2. Alfred wears an anti-static wrist strap while checking the inside of the CPU.
3. Mona jumps over a cable sticking out of the floor.
4. Brad asks his teacher to help him open the computer case.
5. Cherish walks cautiously to the computer door.

Check your answers from the key to correction.

Did you get them all correct? Great job!

Notes to the Teacher

This module will help guide the students in becoming familiar with Personal Protective
Equipment and its importance in ensuring safety while working with computers.

What’s New

Activity 2: Unscramble Us

3
Q3_TLE(CHS)9_ Module 6
Unscramble the set of letters below to form words related to the lesson.

TRONECEL TOPRON TRENRUCLO

VGATE SISTERANCE

Check your answer using the key to corrections.

Were you able to decode all of them? Well done! Let us now proceed to our
discussion.

What is It

Basic Electrical Terms

Electricity

Merriam Webster defines electricity as “a fundamental form of energy observable in

positive and negative forms that occurs naturally (as in lightning) or is produced
(as in a generator) and that is expressed in terms of the movement and interaction
of electrons”. Simply put, electricity is the flow of electron or electric current. It is
an unseen form of energy that can be transformed into different forms of energy
such as light and heat.

Facts:

The word "electric" comes from the Greek word "amber" and is used to define a wide
range of related phenomena. Electricity cannot be seen itself, but some of its effects
are visual, such as light.
To further understand how electricity flows through a material, you should first have
knowledge of the structure of atoms -- nature's building blocks.

4
Q3_TLE(CHS)9_ Module 6
Matter All matter is made up of carbon, hydrogen, and other
atoms. What is an atom?

Atom
It is a material substance that occupies space, has mass, and is composed
predominantly of atoms consisting of protons, neutrons, and electrons. It can take
the form of a solid, liquid or gas.
It is the smallest particle of an element that can exist
either alone or in combination. It is the basic component
of
https://www.livescience.com/37206
-atom-definition.html matter, composed of a nucleus (the central part), protons and
electrons.

Each atom is comprised of protons, neutrons, and electrons.

Proton

It is an elementary particle that carries a positive charge numerically equal to the

charge of an electron. It has the ability to attract an electron.

Neutron

The neutron is a subatomic particle which has a neutral charge.

Electron

It is an elementary particle consisting of a charge of negative electricity. It has the

ability to flow, thus creating electricity.

The protons form the nucleus of the atom and the electrons travel in orbits around
the nucleus much like the earth travels around the sun.

Specific laws of attraction are followed by protons and electrons. Because of their
opposite charges, they attract one another. If an atom contains the same number of
protons as of electrons, this means the atom is stable and balanced. The orbiting
electrons continue to be in their orbits as long as nothing affects the balance.

5
Q3_TLE(CHS)9_ Module 6
But some of the electrons become "knocked out” of their orbits if something upsets
the balance. These “knocked out” electrons are called "free electrons". The
unbalanced condition can be caused by different activities such as rubbing fur on
amber, getting a wire through a magnetic field, or mixing two chemicals together,
as in a dry cell battery.

The free electrons are attracted to atoms with missing electrons and will fill in the
space left by the other free electrons. If this conditions happen continuously, the
motion of electrons becomes the basis for the flow of energy known as "electrical
current".

(Electric) Current

It is a movement of positive or negative electric particles

(such as electrons) accompanied by such observable
effects as the production of heat, of a magnetic field, or
of chemical transformations. The amount of current
http://www.justscience.in/articles/electric
-current/2017/05/13 flowing in a circuit is measured in amperes (I).

Voltage

It is the amount of pulling force that makes the electrons flow. It is an electric
potential or potential difference expressed in volts (V).

Resistance

It is the opposition offered by a body or substance to the passage through it of a

steady electric current. The amount of resistance is measured in ohms (Ω).

Conductor

It is a material or object that permits an

electric current to flow easily. It has low
resistance to current flow. This means
https://www.watelectrical.com/what-are-electrical-conductors- they allow electrons to flow freely inside
types-and-their-properties/
them from atom to atom.

6
Q3_TLE(CHS)9_ Module 6
Insulator

It is a material that is a poor conductor of

electricity. It does not easily allow the flow
of current, or it has a high resistance to
current
flow. Generally, insulators are solid in nature. https://www.elprocus.com/what-is-an-insulating-
material-classification-its-applications/

What’s More
To check what you have learned from the discussion, answer the following activity.

Activity 3: Am I True, Am I False

Read each statement carefully. Write TRUE if the statement states a fact and
FALSE if not. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Electricity is the flow of electron or electric current.

2. Electricity cannot be seen itself, but some of its effects are visual, such as light.

3. An atom is a material substance that occupies space and has mass.

4. Each atom is comprised of protons, neutrons, and electrons.

5. Proton is the positively charged particle of an atom.

6. Neutron is the negatively charged particle of an atom.

7. The motion of free electrons is the basis for the flow of electrical current.

8. The amount of current flowing in a circuit is measured in volts.

9. Resistance is the opposition offered by a body or substance to the passage

through it of a steady electric current.

10. Conductors of electricity are substances which permits the free flowing of
electric current.

7
Q3_TLE(CHS)9_ Module 6
 What I Have Learned
Let us have a summary of what you have learned today.

Activity 4: I FILL You

Fill in the blanks with the appropriate words/phrase. Write your answers on a
separate sheet of paper.

1. The topic of this lesson is all about ______________________________________.

2. I have learned through this lesson that ___________________________________.

3. The terms / ideas I found hard to understand are ___________________________.

4. I enjoyed learning the terms / ideas about ________________________________.

5. I am having difficulty with ____________________________________________.

What I Can Do

Activity 4: I Conduct; I Insulate

Read through other sources such as books or the internet. Look for examples of
CONDUCTORS AND INSULATORS OF ELECTRICITY. Make a compilation of these
on a separate sheet of paper. (It would be better if there would be pictures of these
substances/materials.)

Follow the format below for the contents:

Name of Material/Substance

Picture (if any)

Conductor/Insulator

Short description of the substance/material

8
Q3_TLE(CHS)9_ Module 6
 Assessment

Read each item carefully. Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your
answers on a separate sheet of paper.

1. It is the flow of electrons which can be transformed to energy.

a. electricity b. matter c. conductor d. insulator
2. The negatively charged particle of an atom.
a. proton b. neutron c. electron d. nucleus
3. These are electrons knocked out from orbit in an unbalanced atom.
a. free electrons b. roaming electrons c. orbiting electrons d. dead electrons
4. The amount of current flowing in a circuit is measured in
a. volts b. amperes c. ohms d. watts
5. It is the amount of pulling force that makes the electrons flow.
a. voltage b. current c. resistance d. wattage
6. It is the opposition offered by a body or substance to the passage through it of a
steady electric current.
a. voltage b. current c. resistance d. wattage
7. The amount of resistance is measured in
a. volts b. amperes c. ohms d. watts
8. These are materials that have high resistance to flow of electricity.
a. atom b. matter c. conductor d. insulator
9. Which of the following is an example of a conductor?
a. water b. wood c. plastic d. glass
10. Which of the following is an example of an insulator?
a. silver b. gold c. bronze d. sulfur

Additional Activities

For additional information about our lesson for today, you may go to the following
links:
https://www.thoughtco.com/what-is-electricity-4019643
https://www.toppr.com/guides/physics/electric-charges-and-
fields/conductorsand-insulators/

9
Q3_TLE(CHS)9_ Module 6
 Answer Key

RESISTANCE
.A 10
.D 10 VOLTAGE
.D 9
.A 9 CURRENT
.C 8
.D 8 Answers may vary. PROTON
.B 7
.C 7 What I Can Do: ELECTRON
.C 6
.C 6 What’s New:
.B 5
.A 5 . TRUE 10
. TRUE 5 . YES 5
.A 4
.B 4 . TRUE . TRUE
9 4 . YES 4
.A 3
.A 3 . FALSE . FALSE
8 3 . NO 3
.A 2
.C 2 . TRUE . TRUE
7 2 . YES 2
.A 1
.A 1 . FALSE . TRUE
6 1 . NO 1
Know:
Assessment: What’s More: What’s In: What I

References

Information and Communications Technology: Computer Hardware Servicing, K to

12 Basic Education Program Learning Materials for Grade 9, 2013, First Edition

http://www.oshc.dole.gov.ph/images/Files/OSH%20Standards%202017.pdf

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m5gxAICpKps

10
Q3_TLE(CHS)9_ Module 6
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Region III,

Schools Division of Bataan - Curriculum Implementation Division
Learning Resources Management and Development Section (LRMDS)

Provincial Capitol Compound, Balanga City, Bataan

Telefax: (047) 237-2102

Email Address: [email protected]