Programming Instructions

COM5A2227 (en)

MAKINO GmbH
Wiesendamm 30, 22305 Hamburg
Telefon ++49 / 40 / 29 80 90
Fax ++49 / 40 / 29 80 94 00
Imprint I

Imprint
Editor: MAKINO GmbH
Wiesendamm 30
D-22305 Hamburg

Tel.: ++49 / 40 / 298 09 - 0

Fax: ++49 / 40 / 298 09 - 400
e-mail: [email protected]

Editorial subdivision:

Layout:
Master version: 28.05.2001

Graphic drawing:

Translation:

MAKINO COM5A2227 (en)

II Imprint

COM5A2227 (en) MAKINO

Revisions III

Revisions
Date Chapter/Page Modification

MAKINO COM5A2227 (en)

IV Revisions

Revisions
Date Chapter/Page Modification

COM5A2227 (en) MAKINO

Table of contents V

Table of contents

1 The environment of an NC program ............................................................................. 1-1

2 Elements of the programming language ...................................................................... 2-1

2.1 Program ............................................................................................................................ 2-1
2.2 Block ................................................................................................................................. 2-1
2.3 Word ................................................................................................................................. 2-1
2.4 The comments area .......................................................................................................... 2-1

3 Addresses ....................................................................................................................... 3-1

3.1 Addresses used in the program ........................................................................................ 3-1
3.2 Addresses and their programmable area ......................................................................... 3-1
3.2.1 Program number ............................................................................................................... 3-2
3.2.2 Block number .................................................................................................................... 3-3
3.2.3 G functions (path conditions) ............................................................................................ 3-3
3.2.4 M functions ....................................................................................................................... 3-7
3.2.5 S function ........................................................................................................................ 3-10
3.2.6 T function ........................................................................................................................ 3-10
3.2.7 Co-ordinate system ........................................................................................................ 3-11
3.2.7.1 Co-ordinate system for horizontal machining centres .................................................... 3-11
3.2.7.2 Pallet swivel table (B axis) .............................................................................................. 3-12
3.2.7.3 Co-ordinate system for vertical machining centres ......................................................... 3-16
3.2.7.4 Programming of the decimal point .................................................................................. 3-16
3.2.8 F functions ...................................................................................................................... 3-17
3.2.9 Calculating speed and feed data .................................................................................... 3-18
3.2.10 Tool offset memory H, D (Pro 3) ..................................................................................... 3-18
3.2.11 Use of tool correction memory H and D with multi-cutter tools (PRO5) ......................... 3-20
3.2.12 Notes on the offset memory, memory spaces ................................................................ 3-23
3.2.12.1 Notes for Pro 3 ............................................................................................................... 3-23
3.2.12.2 Notes for Pro 5 ............................................................................................................... 3-24

4 Program memory data ................................................................................................... 4-1

4.1 Program memory capacity ................................................................................................ 4-1
4.2 Number of programs ......................................................................................................... 4-1
4.3 Organisation of the program memory ............................................................................... 4-2
4.3.1 Fixed machine sub-programs (Pro 3) ............................................................................... 4-2
4.3.2 Fixed machine sub-programs (Pro 5) ............................................................................... 4-3

5 Program format ............................................................................................................... 5-1

6 Program modules ........................................................................................................... 6-1

7 Sub-program technique ................................................................................................. 7-1

7.1 Macro program call ........................................................................................................... 7-3

8 Explanation of the G functions ..................................................................................... 8-1

8.1 G0 – positioning in Rapid Mode ....................................................................................... 8-1
8.2 G1 – straight interpolation in Feed Mode ......................................................................... 8-2
8.3 G90/G91 – absolute and incremental programming ......................................................... 8-2
8.3.1 Exercise 1 ......................................................................................................................... 8-5
8.3.2 Exercise 2 ......................................................................................................................... 8-6
8.3.3 Absolute and incremental programming in one block ....................................................... 8-6
8.4 G17/G18/G19 – selection of the levels ............................................................................. 8-8

MAKINO COM5A2227 (en)

VI Table of contents

8.5 G2/G3 – circular interpolation ........................................................................................... 8-9

8.5.1 Circular programming with the addresses I, J, K ............................................................ 8-10
8.5.2 Fully circular programming in one block ......................................................................... 8-13
8.5.3 Circular programming with address R ............................................................................ 8-13
8.5.4 Program with circular interpolation ................................................................................. 8-16
8.6 G54–G59 zero shift with zero point memory .................................................................. 8-17
8.6.1 Workpiece zero on a horizontal machine, A88e ............................................................. 8-18
8.6.2 Example of a program .................................................................................................... 8-21
8.7 Tool offsets ...................................................................................................................... 8-21
8.7.1 Tool offsets by means of the offset memory of the NC
Direct input via MDI or program ...................................................................................... 8-22
8.7.2 Additional tool offsets by means of the tool file of the adaptive
controls, MPC-5/Pro3 (option) ........................................................................................ 8-22
8.7.3 Additional tool offsets by means of the tool file of the adaptive
controls Pro 5 ................................................................................................................. 8-23
8.7.4 G43/G49 – tool length offset ........................................................................................... 8-24
8.7.5 G40/G41/G42 – tool radius offset ................................................................................... 8-25
8.7.6 Contour example ............................................................................................................ 8-28
8.7.7 Feed rates in the case of circular milling ........................................................................ 8-29
8.7.8 Linear positioning and retraction for outer circles ........................................................... 8-31
8.7.9 Circular positioning and retraction for inner circles ......................................................... 8-33
8.7.10 Tapping with 2½ axes ..................................................................................................... 8-34
8.7.11 Program example for “8.7.10 Tapping with 2½ axes” ..................................................... 8-35
8.8 Automatic regulation of the feed rate for contour borders .............................................. 8-36
8.8.1 Cutting mode G64 (with an arresting effect) ................................................................... 8-36
8.8.2 Exact hold G9 (effective by block) .................................................................................. 8-37
8.8.3 Exact hold G61 (with an arresting effect) ........................................................................ 8-37
8.8.4 Automatic decrease of the feed rate ............................................................................... 8-37
8.8.4.1 G60 – positioning from one direction .............................................................................. 8-38
8.9 Drilling cycles .................................................................................................................. 8-39
8.9.1 Overview of the fixed drilling cycles ................................................................................ 8-40
8.9.2 Flow pattern .................................................................................................................... 8-40
8.9.3 Addresses used .............................................................................................................. 8-42
8.9.3.1 G98/G99 – return traverse position ................................................................................ 8-45
8.9.4 The call and the effectiveness of the drilling cycles ........................................................ 8-45
8.9.5 G80 – cancelling the drilling cycles ................................................................................ 8-46
8.9.6 G81 – drilling cycle ......................................................................................................... 8-47
8.9.7 G82 – drilling cycle with dwell time ................................................................................. 8-47
8.9.8 G83 – drilling cycle with ejection of chippings ................................................................ 8-48
8.9.9 G73 – drilling cycle with chip breaking ........................................................................... 8-49
8.9.10 G74 – left tapping cycle with floating tapper ................................................................... 8-50
8.9.11 G76 – drilling cycle with oriented spindle stop and lift-off ............................................... 8-51
8.9.12 G84 – Right tapping cycle with floating tapper ............................................................... 8-52
8.9.13 G85 – drilling cycle with return traverse in Feed Mode ................................................... 8-53
8.9.14 G86 – drilling cycle with spindle stop - Rapid Mode back ............................................... 8-54
8.9.15 G87 – drilling cycle with reverse boring bars, back drilling cycle .................................... 8-55
8.9.16 G88 – drilling cycle with spindle stop after a dwell pause ............................................... 8-56
8.9.17 G89 – drilling cycle with dwell time and return in Feed Mode ......................................... 8-57
8.9.18 Examples of the drilling cycles ....................................................................................... 8-58
8.10 G4 – dwell pause ............................................................................................................ 8-64
8.11 G28 – automatic movement to the reference point ........................................................ 8-65
8.12 G30 – automatic movement to the second reference point ............................................ 8-67
8.13 G52 – setting a local co-ordinate system ....................................................................... 8-67
8.14 G53 – Selection of the machine co-ordinate system ...................................................... 8-69

COM5A2227 (en) MAKINO

Table of contents VII

9 Standard skip function ................................................................................................... 9-1

10 Functions specific to the controls .............................................................................. 10-1

10.1 G8 – Prescient Contour Mode ........................................................................................ 10-1
10.2 Important notes on G8 P1 (P0) ....................................................................................... 10-1
10.3 Rigid tapping ................................................................................................................... 10-2
10.3.1 M135/G84 – right thread ................................................................................................. 10-2
10.3.2 M135/G74 – left thread ................................................................................................... 10-4
10.3.3 G84.2 – right thread system 15M/16M ........................................................................... 10-5
10.3.4 G84.3 – left thread system 15M/16M ............................................................................. 10-6
10.4 Tool monitoring devices .................................................................................................. 10-6
10.4.1 Tool monitoring devices (Pro 3) ...................................................................................... 10-6
10.4.2 Tool monitoring devices (Pro 5) ...................................................................................... 10-8
10.4.3 Setting the tool length and the radius by means of the program (MPC-5) ..................... 10-9
10.4.4 Using the program to set the tool length and radius (Pro 5) ......................................... 10-10
10.4.5 Setting the tool length and the radius directly in the tool offset file
of the NC by means of the program ............................................................................. 10-10
10.5 Axis monitoring with M453/M454 (A series as from 16iM) (only for PRO3) ................. 10-11
10.6 Suppression of subsequent tools (only for PRO3) ....................................................... 10-14
10.7 Variable point disablement of the work spindle ............................................................ 10-15
10.8 Activating drill breakage control via M function (only Pro 3) ......................................... 10-17
10.9 Processing programs from a SRAM card 4MB (only Pro 3) ......................................... 10-17
10.10 Setting tool change speeds from the NC program ....................................................... 10-17
10.10.1 For PRO3 ..................................................................................................................... 10-17
10.10.2 For PRO5 ..................................................................................................................... 10-18
10.11 Switching over the pressure level for coolant through the spindle ............................... 10-18
10.12 Programming NC parameters PRO3 and PRO5 .......................................................... 10-19
10.13 Taper, spiral and worm interpolation ............................................................................. 10-20
10.14 Converting inches into metric ....................................................................................... 10-22

11 Options .......................................................................................................................... 11-1

11.1 Extended, 8-fold block skip ............................................................................................. 11-1
11.2 G7.1 – cylinder interpolation (SYSTEMS 11M, 15M, and 16M) ..................................... 11-2
11.3 G16/G15 input of polar co-ordinates .............................................................................. 11-5
11.4 G51/G50 – enlarging or reducing a programmed contour .............................................. 11-6
11.5 Parameters for G51/G50 (only Pro 3) ........................................................................... 11-10
11.6 G68/G69 – rotating the co-ordinate system ................................................................... 11-11
11.7 S-GI function (only Pro 3) ............................................................................................. 11-14
11.7.1 S-GI function offsets ..................................................................................................... 11-14
11.7.2 S-GI function - encoding of the feed rate (5th axis) ...................................................... 11-14
11.7.3 S-GI function - M functions ........................................................................................... 11-15
11.7.4 S-GI function - mirroring axes ....................................................................................... 11-15
11.7.5 S-GI function - simple Rapid Mode for G68 and G51 ................................................... 11-15
11.7.6 S-GI function with scaling ............................................................................................. 11-16
11.7.7 S-GI function with system rotation (G68/G69) .............................................................. 11-16
11.7.8 S-GI function with scaling and system rotation ............................................................. 11-17

12 Solving test tasks ......................................................................................................... 12-1

12.1 Test task no. 1 ................................................................................................................ 12-1
12.2 Test task no. 2 ................................................................................................................ 12-1

13 NC program ................................................................................................................... 13-1

13.1 Complete NC program, training test ............................................................................... 13-1

MAKINO COM5A2227 (en)

VIII Table of contents

COM5A2227 (en) MAKINO

The environment of an NC program 1-1

1 The environment of an NC program

In order to finish a workpiece on a machining centre it is not sufficient to have an NC program. Further fac-
tors are also of importance.
These are shown in “Fig. 1-1: ”, the present Programming Instructions being limited to the complex repre-
sented by the programming of parts.

Drawing of workpiece

Selecting the size and type

of machining centre

Determining the clamping method

and the number of clampings

Constructing the Determining the machining

work holder sequence, the tools and
the cutting data.

Tool sheet
Building the work holder
Writing the NC program

Presetting
the tools

Machining centre

Machining

Fig. 1-1:

MAKINO COM5A2227 (en)

1-2 The environment of an NC program

COM5A2227 (en) MAKINO

Elements of the programming language 2-1

2 Elements of the programming language

2.1 Program

A program represents a sequence of machining steps and is broken down into blocks which are then bro-
ken down into words. These words can be path conditions, path information or help functions.
Each block represents a self-contained machine operation.

2.2 Block

A block consists of address letters and sequences of numbers and is completed by an end-of-block char-
acter (EOB or LF).
No fixed sequence is required for the blocks, unless a logical sequence results.

2.3 Word

A word consists of the address letter and a sequence of numbers.

Path addresses: X, Y, Z, I, J, K, to name just a few, can be written with a variable word length.
Smallest increment of the path addresses, = 1/1000 mm e.g. 1/10000 mm. There is no need for following
zeros if a decimal point is set instead of the comma in the case of fractions of millimetres (writing with the
decimal stop). Hybrid forms are permissible.
There is no need for leading zeros in any of the addresses.

2.4 The comments area

The controls interprete characters in round brackets as a comment which is displayed on the screen, but
is not executed. It should be ensured that the comment is not written within time-critical axis movements
as this can lead to delays.
Furthermore there may be no ( ; short form of EOB) in the brackets.

Attention! Only upper case characters are permitted!!

MAKINO COM5A2227 (en)

2-2 Elements of the programming language

COM5A2227 (en) MAKINO

Addresses 3-1

3 Addresses

3.1 Addresses used in the program

Function Address Meaning

Number of the program : or O in the ISO code
O in the EIA code
Number of the block N Search address within a program
Path conditions G Type of movement of the axes, linear, circular, cycli-
cal etc.
Co-ordinates (axes) X, Y, Z Strokes of the main axes
B NC index table 1° or 5°, NC turntable
A MC rotary work head, vertical
C MC rotary work head, horizontal
U Facing and boring head
W Quill in the spindle
Co-ordinates (auxiliary parameters) R Radius for circular interpolation
I, J, K, Definition of distances from the centre of the circle
Full circle programming
Feed rate F Feed in mm/min, or in degrees/min
Spindle speed S Spindle speed in r/min
Tool details T Tool number (PTN number)
Machine commands M Auxiliary and switch functions caused by the ma-
chine
Tool offset memory H, D Indication of the offset number
H = length, D = radius of the tool
Dwell pause P or X P = 1000 (1 sec.)
(If the positioning display after the X = 1. (1 sec.)
decimal point has four positions, one
further position must be taken into
account under address P. 1 sec. =
P10000)
Number of sub-program P Number of the sub-program
Repetitions L Number of times a sub-program or drilling cycle is
repeated
Parameters P, Q, R, Parameters for drilling cycles

Table 3-1: Addresses

3.2 Addresses and their programmable area

Program number ISO 1–7999 user-definable for customer

4 digits 8000–8999 macro programs
8 digits as an option 9000–9999 measurement programs and fixed
machine sub-programs
Block number N 1–99999

Table 3-2: (1 / 2)

MAKINO COM5A2227 (en)

3-2 Addresses

Path conditions G 0–999

Co-ordinates X, Y, Z +/– 99999.9999
B-Index +/– 360 degrees
B-NC +/– 99999.9999 degrees
A +/– 99999.9999
C +/– 99999.9999
U, W +/– 99999.9999 mm
J, I, K +/– 99999.9999 mm
Zero offsets G54–G59 +/– 99999.9999 mm
Option G54.1 P1–P48 +/– 99999.9999 mm
Offset numbers D, H 0–99 standard
0–999 option
Dwell pause P 1–99999999 1/1000 sec.
X 1–99999 sec.
X 0.001 = 1/1000 sec.
Radius offset D +/– 999.9999 mm
Length offset H +/– 999.9999 mm
Tool number (PTN) T 0–9999 (standard)
0–99999999 (option)
Help function M 0–999
For Pro 5 please observe the special
M-functions.

Table 3-2: (2 / 2)

3.2.1 Program number

The controls process a program number of up to 4 digits. A program name of up to 16 characters is dis-
played in the program overview if the name is in round brackets and directly behind the number of the pro-
gram.
The display of the program name can be extended to 48 characters by means of an option.

O1234 (HOUSING 100 B/125)

(.........) = Program name

1234 = Program number

: or O = Program number in the ISO code

O = Program number in the EIA code

100 programs can be addressed in the standard version. This applies to the main programs, including the
sub-programs.
The number of programs can be increased to 200, 400 or 1000 by means of options.
The program numbers usually available are those from O1–O9999.
The range of numbers is limited to O1–O7999 through lockable memory areas.
For further information see Chapter “4 Program memory data”.

COM5A2227 (en) MAKINO

Addresses 3-3

3.2.2 Block number

The block number has five characters, from N1–N99999.

It is not necessary for the blocks to be numbered.
It is recommendable to provide the start of a tool with a block number which is identical to that of the tool
number. This makes it easy to see when the a tool starts machining and facilitates entry into a program af-
ter it has been interrupted.

Search criteria for each tool start

N1001 (Tool 1)
(machining with tool 1)

N 1002 (Tool 2)
(machining with tool 2)

N 1003 (Tool 3)
(machining with tool 3)

3.2.3 G functions (path conditions)

Note The PRO 5 control system uses extended G-functions.

Please refer to the FANUC book, pages 38-40.

G functions can contain the following commands:

- types of movement
- selection of levels
- drilling cycles
- tool compensation
- macro calls

Format

G-- two-character command

G--- three characters
G - -.- two characters before the decimal stop, one character
after the decimal stop

Example:

G90
G54.1
G120 (example of macro call)

Group allocation
The G functions are divided up into groups. Only one command from each group can be effective. If there
are two commands of the same group in one block, it is the latter command that is effective. Several G
functions of different groups can be written in one block.

MAKINO COM5A2227 (en)

3-4 Addresses

Example:

G1 G0 X100. Y45. (G0 is effective)

G54 G90 G43 H1 (All are effective)

Group 3 (G90 / G91) is an exception. It is possible to program incremental and absolute axis commands
in one block.
Only one function is effective from each G group after the system has been switched on or after RESET.
In “Table 3-3: List of G functions” these are indicated in the column entitled “ON status”.

Arresting effectivity or effectivity by block

The arresting G function is effective until it is overwritten by another G function from the same group.

Example:

G1 X100.
Y100.
X100.
G0 Z150.

The G functions that are effective by block must be called again in the next block, if required.

Example: Setting zero points

G10 G90 L2 P1 X___ Y___ Z___ (G54)

G10 G90 L2 P2 X___ Y___ Z___ (G55)
G10 G90 L2 P3 X___ Y___ Z___ (G56)

Note G functions from group 1 cancel fixed work cycles!! (same function as G80)

G-Code Group Function ON status Arrest- By block

ing
G0 1 Positioning in Rapid Mode x
G1 Linear interpolation in Feed Mode x x
G2 Circular interpolation in a clockwise direction x
G3 Circular interpolation in an anti-clockwise x
direction
G4 0 Dwell pause x
G9 Exact hold x
G10 Set data x
G17 2 Interpolation level X / Y x x
G18 Interpolation level Z / X x
G19 Interpolation level Y / Z x

Table 3-3: List of G functions (1 / 3)

COM5A2227 (en) MAKINO

Addresses 3-5

G-Code Group Function ON status Arrest- By block

ing
G20 Input in inches x
G21 Input in mm x x
G28 0 Return to reference point x
G30 Second reference point x
G40 7 Cancels the cutting radius compensation x x
G41 Cutting radius compensation left of the contour x
G42 Cutting radius compensation right of the contour
G43 8 Tool length compensation ON x
G49 Cancels tool length compensation
G50 11 End of scaling (option) x
G51 Scaling ON (option) x
G52 0 Sets a local co-ordinate shift x
G53 Selection of the machine co-ordinate system x
G54.1 14 Selection of the additional workpiece co- x
ordinates (option)
G54 12 Selection of the first workpiece co-ordinate x x
system
G55 Selection of the second workpiece co-ordinate x
system
G56 Selection of the third workpiece co-ordinate x
system
G57 Selection of the fourth workpiece co-ordinate x
system
G58 Selection of the fifth workpiece co-ordinate x
system
G59 Selection of the sixth workpiece co-ordinate x
system
G60 0 Positioning from one direction x
G61 15 Exact hold x
G62 Equi-distant feed x
(internal oversteering of corners)
G64 Cutting Mode x x
G65 0 Simple call of a macro program x
G66 14 Modal call of a macro program x
G67 Cancels the modal call of a macro program x x

Table 3-3: List of G functions (2 / 3)

MAKINO COM5A2227 (en)

3-6 Addresses

G-Code Group Function ON status Arrest- By block

ing
G73 9 Drilling cycle with interruption of machining x
G74 Drilling cycle for left thread x
G76 Drilling cycle with spindle stop and lift-off move- x
ment (A series Y minus)
G80 Cancellation of drilling cycle x x
G81 Normal drilling cycle x
G82 Drilling cycle with dwell pause x
G83 Drilling cycle with removal of chips x
G84 Drilling cycle for right thread x
G85 Drilling cycle with return traverse in Feed x
G86 Drilling cycle with spindle stop x
G87 Drilling cycle for reverse boring bars x
G88 Drilling cycle with manual return traverse x
G89 Drilling cycle with dwell pause and return x
traverse
G90 3 Absolute dimensions x x
G91 Incremental dimensions x
G92 0 Setting of a co-ordinate zero point x
(is no longer used)
G98 10 Return to previous Z point x x
(only for drilling cycles)
G99 Return to R point x
(only for drilling cycles)

Table 3-3: List of G functions (3 / 3)

G-Code Group Function ON status Arrest- By block

ing
G7.1 0 Cylindrical interpolation x
G15 18 Cancellation of the input of polar co-ordinates x x
G16 Input of polar co-ordinates x
G50 11 Cancellation of the enlargement or the reduction x x
of a contour
G51 Enlargement or reduction of a contour x
G68 16 Rotation of the co-ordinate system x
G69 Cancellation of the co-ordinate rotation x x
G84.2 9 Right thread without floating tapper x
G84.3 Left thread without floating tapper x

Table 3-4: List of additional G functions

Note Macro calls can be started with G functions, i.e. the G function is stored in a cer-
tain NC parameter (6050–6059).
Program numbers of 9000 are connected with the NC parameters.
Further information can be found in the instructions for macro programming.

COM5A2227 (en) MAKINO

Addresses 3-7

3.2.4 M functions

The M commands control facilities specific to the machine such as spindle, coolant and special functions.
There are three different types. See “Table 3-5: ”.

The command has a maximum of three characters. Leading zeros do not need to be programmed.
With the following systems, 0M, 6M, 11M and 15M, there must only be one M command in a block.
3 M functions are permissible for the16M system and higher systems.

Attention! The NC parameter 3404 bit 7, must be set to 1.

The following M commands, M3 / M4 / and M8, and also M11, M10 and M12, M13 can be written in one
block although they have the same status (during).

Example:

G1 G90 G54 X0 Y0 F540 S1500 M3 / M4 M8

G0 G90 G54 M11 B180. M10 (NC-table)

G0 G90 G54 M13 C180. M12 (NC-rotary work head)

The following functions may not be used together with another M code:
M0, M1, M2, M30, M98, M99, M198, M319 and naturally M codes that start a macro call.
It is possible that further special M codes with 3 characters have to stand alone. This depends on the spe-
cial functions of the machine (specific to the customer).

Note Macro calls can be started with M functions, i.e. the M function is stored in a cer-
tain NC parameter (6071–6091).
Program numbers of 9000 are connected with the NC parameters.
Further information can be found in the instructions on macro programming.

Group testing of M codes:

The function for the group testing of M codes checks a combination of several M codes to ascertain
whether they are correct. This function has a double purpose. First of all it is intended to check whether
any of the M codes in the block in question is a code for which a separate command is necessary and sec-
ondly it is checked whether the M codes of the same group are present in the block in question (with the
exception described above). In both cases P/S alarm no. 5016 is issued.

Setting up M codes:
Up to 999 M codes can be set. This is determined by the manufacturer.
In general the codes that are set are always M0–M99. M codes from M100 are optional.

The three different types of M functions are described in greater detail in the tables below.
In the controls of the A series there is a key marked “HILFE” (HELP) in the MPC-5 area. Press the key and
“M-Funktionen” will appear at the bottom left of the soft key keyboard. Here approx. 90% of the M func-
tions are briefly explained.

MAKINO COM5A2227 (en)

3-8 Addresses

This function is executed during an axis movement.

This function is executed after an axis movement.
This function must be alone in a block.

Explanations of the usual M commands Status

M0 Programmed program stop After
This command stops the program and switches off the machine functions such as
spindle speed, coolant and chip conveyor. The Start key on the operation panel flash-
es. The program continues to run when the Start key is activated again.
M1 Optional program stop After
This command works in the same way as M0, but it is activated by means of a key on
the operation panel.
If this key is not activated the controls ignore the M1 command in the program.
M3 Spindle start During
The spindle turns in a clockwise direction; seen from the rear through the spindle.
M4 Spindle start During
The spindle turns in an anti-clockwise direction; seen from the rear through the spin-
dle.
M5 Spindle stop During
The spindle is stopped.
M8 Coolant ON During
Switches on the coolant jets on the spindle (nozzle)
M9 Coolant OFF After
Switches off all coolant facilities currently active
M15 Rotates the index table in an anti-clockwise direction During
Seen from above looking down at the table
By means of parameters it is also possible to set the shortest path for the movement.
M16 Mirrors the B axis Alone
Mirrors the B axis in the case of the NC index or the NC turntable
M19 Oriented spindle stop After
This command stops the spindle and rotates it to a defined position.
The position is detected electronically.
The variable point disablement of the spindle will be described in greater detail further
on in these instructions.
M21 Mirrors the X axis Alone
When the X axis is mirrored it travels with the reverse operational sign
M22 Mirrors the Y axis Alone
When the Y axis is mirrored it travels with the reverse operational sign
M23 Deactivates mirroring Alone
M23 deactivates the M16, M21 and M22 commands
M30 End of program After
This command stops the program and sets the machine to the ON status.
The cursor returns to the beginning of the program.
M40 Sets the data for monitoring the tool lifetime Alone
Only for Pro 3 controls
M41 Multiplication factor 1.25 for the SL data Alone
M42 Multiplication factor 1.5 for the SL data Alone
M43 Multiplication factor 2.0 for the SL data Alone

Table 3-5: (1 / 2)

COM5A2227 (en) MAKINO

Addresses 3-9

Explanations of the usual M commands Status

M44 Switches off SL, AC monitoring Alone
Only for Pro 3 controls
M48 Feed rate override active Alone
The feed rate override is active after the input of this command.
M49 Feed rate override inactive Alone
The feed rate override is inactive after the input of this command.
M56 Transfers tool offset data Alone
M56 transfers the tool offset data from the tool file of the MPC-2 or MPC-5 to the tool
offset database of the NC.
M58 Spindle speed override active Alone
The spindle speed override is effective after the input of this command.
M59 Spindle speed override inactive Alone
The spindle speed override is ineffective after the input of this command.
M98 Starts sub-program After
M98 in connection with a program number marks the jump to a sub-program.
M99 Ends sub-program After
Returns to the program from where the sub-program was started.
M198 Program start from DATA SERVER or external memory card After
M198 and a program number, accesses the Data Server (CH 5).

Table 3-5: (2 / 2)

This function is executed during an axis movement.

This function is executed after an axis movement.
This function must stand alone in a block.

Explanations of the additional M commands that are usual Status

M10 Clamp NC turntable During
After the movement of the NC table it is recommendable to clamp it again.
M11 Release NC turntable During
Before the movement of the NC table it must be released with M11.
If the command is missing no alarm is issued. No axis moves.
M12 Clamp NC rotary work head During
After the movement of the NC rotary work head it is recommendable to clamp it again.
M13 Release NC rotary work head During
Before the movement of the NC rotary work head it must be released with M13.
If the command is missing no alarm is issued. No axis moves.
M14 Put the sensor of the drill breakage control device into measuring position Alone
This command is only effective in the case of pivoted or moveable drill breakage con-
trol devices.
M18 Take the sensor of the drill breakage control device out of measuring position Alone
This command is only effective in the case of pivoted or moveable drill breakage con-
trol devices.
M26 Coolant through the spindle ON During
(The standard is approx. 50 bar single level.) M26 switches on the function that sends
coolant through the spindle. This is automatically cancelled when the tool is changed
(M9 is in O9140).

Table 3-6: (1 / 2)

MAKINO COM5A2227 (en)

3-10 Addresses

Explanations of the additional M commands that are usual Status

M126 Is a macro call for coolant through the spindle ON Alone
Multi-level tank system. The call is made with M126 D15. - D70. T1.;
15–70 bar, in increments of 5 bar. Is automatically cancelled when a tool is changed
(M9 is in O9140).
M96 Coolant through the tool via floating ring holder ON During
M9 switches M96 off.
M97 Tool rinse ON During
M9 switches M97 off.

Table 3-6: (2 / 2)

3.2.5 S function

The S function indicates the speed of the main spindle in 1/min. It has a maximum of five characters.
The S value must be entered without a decimal point.
Only one S function may be written per block.

If the spindle is to be rotated, remember to enter the direction as well.

M3 / M4 S---------

When the spindle is in action, the speed and the direction of rotation can be altered at will.

Data for the range of revolutions can be found in the part of the operating instructions specific to the ma-
chine.

3.2.6 T function

The T function from the NC program corresponds to the tool number (PTN = pot tool number).
This number is user-definable, but it can only be selected once.
In the standard version it has four characters, with eight characters as a option.
The T value is entered without a decimal point.
Only one T call is permitted per block.

T function processing for Fanuc 6M, 11M and 15M controls

Depending on the status of the machine, the T function triggers two different actions:
If the display of the spindle tool is flashing, the first T call is valued as a confirmation of the spindle tool.

Flashing is possible after the following situations:

Switch on the machine, end of program M2 / M30 and emergency stop.
If there is a continual display of the spindle tool, the T function triggers a search command for the tool
number which is indicated. The tool is brought into waiting position ready for the next tool change.

T function processing for Fanuc 0M,16M or “higher” controls

The T function triggers a check of the number of the spindle tool.
If the T command is in agreement with the number of the spindle tool, the search command is disabled.
If a tool change has been programmed (O9140), the Z, X and Y axes travel to the 2nd reference point of
the machine. There is no tool change.
If there is no agreement, the T command causes the tool to be put in standby position and any tool
change that is due is carried out (O9140).

COM5A2227 (en) MAKINO

Addresses 3-11

T commands should be called from the program as soon as possible (transport seconds).
The positions of the tools in the tool magazine are user-definable.

Note Watch for collision areas. Please refer to the part of the operating instructions
specific to the machine.

The following programming is also permissible:

T4711
……
……
T4711 P9140 M98
……
Only if the same T number that has already been searched
for is addressed again for safety's sake.

3.2.7 Co-ordinate system

The programming instructions apply to the horizontal and vertical machining centres as the direction of
the movement is seen from the tool when it comes to programming. The main spindle forms the Z axis.

3.2.7.1 Co-ordinate system for horizontal machining centres

In the standard version the linear axes, Y and Z, can only be moved in a negative direction.
At the customer's request it is also possible to place the zero point of the machine at the centre and on the
surface of the pallet (not an option).
The range of movement of the X axis extends from the centre in positive and negative directions.
The round axis, B, can be rotated in two directions.

MAKINO COM5A2227 (en)

3-12 Addresses

Legend
[1] Viewing direction

Fig. 3-1:

3.2.7.2 Pallet swivel table (B axis)

All horizontal machining centres of the A series have an NC turntable as a standard specification.
As the B axis is a proper NC axis, it is treated as such.
The smallest increment is equal to 1/1000 degrees.

COM5A2227 (en) MAKINO

Addresses 3-13

Example 1

G0 G90 M11 B180. M10 (Table turns in a positive direction to 180 degrees in Rapid Mode)

G1 G90 M11 B180. F200 M10 (Table turns in a positive direction to 180 degrees in Feed Mode)

G1 G90 M11 B.001 F200 M10 (Table turns in a positive direction to .001 degrees in Feed Mode)

G0 G90 M11 B-59. M10 (Table turns in a negative direction to -59 degrees in Rapid Mode)

G1 G90 M11 B-59. F200 M10 (Table turns in a negative direction to -59 degrees in Feed Mode)

Example 2

Fig. 3-2:

M11 G1 B11.345 F100 M10

Swivel to 90 degrees in Feed Mode from 100 deg/min

deg = decimal degree / minute

Every position on the radial of the rotation axis can be reached. The direction of rotation depends on the
present position and the movement command. The axes can be rotated infinitely, in every direction.
After this has been done, it is sufficient to travel to the reference point on the B axis in order to reach the
zero position as quickly as possible.

Calculation of the feed rate for a rotation axis

Example:
A nut is to be milled on a cylindrical lateral section. The cylinder has a diameter of 100 mm. The ascend-
ing gradient is 50 mm to 180 degrees. The feed rate for milling has been calculated at 150 mm/min.

MAKINO COM5A2227 (en)

3-14 Addresses

The feed rate must be converted to deg/min and depends on the diameter of the workpiece and the angle
of inclination.

Fig. 3-3:

D = 100 mm
W = 180 deg
H = 50 mm
F = 150 mm/min
U = D × π × W ÷ 360 U = 100 × π × 180 ÷ 360 = 157,08
2 2 2 2
L = U +H = 157.08 + 50 = 164.846 mm

F = ′W × F ÷ L = 180 deg × 150 mm/min ÷ 164.846 mm = 163.789 deg/min

Rounded result: 164 deg/min (corresponds to 150 mm/min)

Pallet swivel table (B axis as the index table)

The index table is fixed by means of a toothed wheel work. The smallest gear tooth is 1 degree.
Thus only full degree numbers can be destinations.
Machine types MC-1210 / MC-1513 have a 5-degree division as the smallest increment.
If the B axis moves, all the other axes are locked.

Note The shortest path can be taken by means of an NC parameter setting.

It is not necessary to enter a decimal point.
The table moves only in Rapid Mode.

COM5A2227 (en) MAKINO

Addresses 3-15

Selecting the direction of rotation by program command. In the negative M15 is also programmed
(standard).
NC parameter 5500 bits 0 (DDP) = 1, bit 1 (REL) = 1, bit 2 (ABS) = 1, bit 3 (INC) = 0, bit 4 (G90) = 0
5511 = 15
5512 = 1000

Example:

G0 B180 (Table turns in a positive direction to 180 degrees)

G0 B180 M15 (Table turns in a negative direction to 180 degrees)

The shortest path when the table is turning

NC parameter 5500 bit 0 (DDP) = 1, bit 1 (REL) = 1, bit 2 (ABS) = 1, bit 3 (INC) = 1, bit 4 (G90) = 1
5511 = 0
5512 = 1000

Example:

G0 G90 B180 (Table turns in a positive direction to 180 degrees)

G0 G90 B-180 (Table turns in a negative direction to 180 degrees)

MAKINO COM5A2227 (en)

3-16 Addresses

3.2.7.3 Co-ordinate system for vertical machining centres

The linear axes, X, Y and Z, can only be moved in a negative direction from the zero point of the machine.

Legend
[1] X loader [5] MAX
[2] Zero point of the machine [6] MIN
for the X, Y and Z axes
[3] Y loader [7] Shortest distance between the spin-
dle nose and the surface of the table
[4] Z loader [8] Shortest distance between the spin-
dle nose and the surface of the table

Fig. 3-4:

3.2.7.4 Programming of the decimal point

It is possible to program a decimal point for the addresses X, Y, Z, A, B, C, U, W, I, J, K, R and F on all

specified controls.
As a default setting, the input format is limited to three places after the decimal point, with the exception
of 16Mi and higher controls. There it is possible up to the fourth position.

COM5A2227 (en) MAKINO

Addresses 3-17

Format without a decimal point:

X100000 = positioning in the X axis to 10.0000 mm
X10 = positioning in the X axis to 0.0010 mm

Format with decimal point:

X10. = positioning in the X axis to 10.0000 mm
X0.01 = positioning in the X axis to 0.0100 mm

With the exception of the FANUC 6M controls, it is possible to obviate the need to enter the decimal point
by means of NC parameters.

NC parameters for 16Mi controls

3401 bit 0 (DPI) = 0: decimal point necessary
bit 0 (DPI) = 1: no decimal point necessary

The following format is possible after the implementation of the NC parameter:

Format without decimal point:

X10000 = positioning in the X axis to 10000 mm
X10 = positioning in the X axis to 10 mm
X0.001 = positioning in the X axis to 0.0010 mm

Format with decimal point:

X10. = positioning in the X axis to 10.0000 mm
X0.01 = positioning in the X axis to 0.0100 mm

NC parameter setting for FANUC 11M – 300is controls

2400 bit 0 = 0: input of decimal point possible
bit 0 = 1: input of decimal point unnecessary

NC parameter setting for FANUC 0M controls

0015 bit 7 = 0: input of decimal point possible
bit 7 = 1: input of decimal point unnecessary

3.2.8 F functions

The F function indicates the feed rate of the linear axes in mm/min.
In the case of round axes the rate changes to degrees/min.
The maximum feed rate can be found in Chapter “3.2 Addresses and their programmable area”.
The F value can be programmed with a decimal point and a maximum of three places after the decimal
point.
Important on converting from inches to metric (tapping).

Example:

F100 (feed rate = 100 mm/min)

F123.457 (feed rate = 123.457 mm/min)

MAKINO COM5A2227 (en)

3-18 Addresses

3.2.9 Calculating speed and feed data

In the standard situation the tool manufacturer will indicate the feed rate per gear tooth. However the ma-
chines need mm/min, so the F value first needs to be calculated. The table below is intended to provide a
little assistance.

π × Dc × n Vc = cutting speed in m/min

Vc = --------------------------
1000
Vc × 1000 n = spindle speed in r/min
n = ---------------------------
π × Dc
Vf = fz × Zn × n Vf = feed rate in mm/min (F)
fz = feed rate per gear tooth in mm
Zn = number of cutting edges of the cutter
ap × ae × vf- Q = machining volumes in cm3/min
Q = ------------------------------
1000 ap = cutting depth in mm
ae = intervention in mm
Dc = diameter of cutter

Table 3-7:

3.2.10 Tool offset memory H, D (Pro 3)

The value in an offset memory is set off by selecting address H as the length offset with D as a radius off-
set.
In the standard version each tool has only a length and a radius offset.

As an option, 5 additional length offsets and 5 additional radius offsets are offered for 17 tools. The func-
tional description can be found in the Appendix.

Both offsets for the tools (length and radius) are stored as a default setting in the MPC-5 area “tool file”.
(They must be there if they are to be processed as described below.)
After a new tool has been clamped into the spindle they are transferred into the H1 and D2 memories of
the NC by calling the M56 function.
Of course you can only work with the offset data of the NC, without H1 D2 M56.

Example:

O4711 (TEST)
……………… T5678
………………
………………
P9140 M98
H1D2
M56
M0
……………… T1234
P9140 M98
H1D2
M56

COM5A2227 (en) MAKINO

Addresses 3-19

In the tool file of the MPC-5 there is a length value of 130.222 and a radius value of 3.778 under PTN
number 5678. Under PTN number 1234 there is a length value of 231.246 and a radius value of 4.975.
After the example above has been started, the following data are in the tool memory of the NC (TOOL
OFFSET).

Tool memory of the NC after clamping T5678

No. DATA
0001 130.222
0002 003.778
0003 000.000
0004 000.000
…… ……
…… ……

Tool memory of the NC after clamping T1234

No. DATA
0001 231.246
0002 004.975
0003 000.000
0004 000.000
…… ……
…… ……

The offset data can also be set by means of the NC program.

This is a good idea at the start of the program.
The data is stored in the tool file of the MPC-5 (2).

Example:

O4578 (MAIN PROGRAM)

……
M53 …………………………… Register tool offset data ON
T3505 ………………………… T = PTN number
S194018 ……………………… 1. S channel = tool length 194.018 mm
S5481 ………………………… 2. S channel = tool radius 5.481 mm
M37 …………………………… Register tool data OFF
……
……
M30

Note If only the cutting radius is to be set, the first S value must be zero.
No other addresses may be added.

MAKINO COM5A2227 (en)

3-20 Addresses

3.2.11 Use of tool correction memory H and D with multi-cutter tools

(PRO5)

The value stored in the correction memory is assigned to either length or radius correction when selecting
the addresses H and D respectively.
In the standard version each tool has up to 6 correction values (6x length and 6x radius).

Both tool correction values (length and radius) are stored in the Pro 5 tool file. They are transferred to the
H1 and D2 memory in the NC after inserting the tool in the spindle and calling up the M56 function if H1
and D2 have been selected.
The M56 can be omitted on request by the customer; however this means that Makino has to im-
plement certain modifications (parameters).

Example with M56:

O4711 (TEST)
……………… T5678
………………
………………
P9140 M98
H1D2
M56
M0
……………… T1234
P9140 M98
H1D2
M56

Example without M56:

O4711 (TEST)
……………… T5678
………………
………………
H1D2
M6 (calls up a macro)
……………… T1234
………………
H1D2
M6
………………

In the Pro 5 tool file, length and radius values of 130.222 and 3.778 respectively are given for PTN
number 5678; for PTN number 1234 the length value is 231.246 and the radius value is 4.975.
When starting with the above example, the following data is stored in the NC tool memory (TOOL OFF-
SET).

COM5A2227 (en) MAKINO

Addresses 3-21

NC tool memory after changing to the T5678

No. DATA
0001 130.222
0002 003.778
0003 000.000
0004 000.000
…… ……
…… ……

NC tool memory after changing to the T1234

No. DATA
0001 231.246
0002 004.975
0003 000.000
0004 000.000
…… ……
…… ……

The correction data can also be set using the NC program.

This makes sense at the start of the program.
The data is stored in the Pro 5 tool file.

Example:
Ensure that the following conditions are fulfilled when using multiple corrections on the same tool.
1. Select parameter 12024 (Composite – tool available) in the “System” menu. This must be set to 1.
2. The following areas of the PRO5 tool file must be opened:

Fig. 3-5:

3. NC-Parameter 5006 #6 must be set to 1.

This results in an offset calculation between the 1st and 2nd correction, i.e. the coordinate plane is
shifted. Only the difference between correction 1 and 2 is processed.
G43 is retained if no RESET is issued.
When quitting the NC-program for a tool with multiple corrections, ensure that you re-enter the NC-
program at the correct point.
The 1st correction is deleted if this parameter is not set (G49 not visible), the spindle nose travels to
the programmed Z-dimension and then to the 2nd correction; the spindle is now broken.

Attention! Ensure there is sufficient free space around the tool!

The procedure for setting additional correction values using the NC-program, as well as their handling in
the NC-program is described below.

MAKINO COM5A2227 (en)

3-22 Addresses

Setting data
O0004 ( TEST )
M448 S15 ( M448 = Tool data register mode 1 on. S15 = Cutter setting mode)
S2 T3 ( S2 = Pot 2 T3 = 3 Cutters )
M37 ( Set mode off )
M448 S103 T1 ( M448 = Tool data register mode 1 on. S103 = Tool length mode
T1 = Cutter 1 )
S2 T2561234 ( S2 = Pot 2 T = Tool length = 256.1234 mm )
M37 ( Set mode off )
M448 S105 T1 ( M448 = Tool data register mode 1 on. S105 = Tool radius mode
T1 = Cutter 1 )
S2 T98789 ( S2 = Pot 2 T = Tool radius = 9.8789 mm )
M37 ( Set mode off )
M448 S103 T2 ( M448 = Tool data register mode 1 on. S103 = Tool length mode
T2 = Cutter 2 )
S2 T1879687 ( S2 = Pot 2 T = Tool length = 187.9687 mm )
M37 ( Set mode off )
M448 S105 T2 ( M448 = Tool data register mode 1 on. S105 = Tool radius mode
T2 = Cutter 2 )
S2 T45897 ( S2 = Pot 2 T = Tool radius = 4.5897 mm )
M37 ( Set mode off )
M448 S103 T3 ( M448 = Tool data register mode 1 on. S103 = Tool length mode
T3 = Cutter 3 )
S2 T1513698 ( S2 = Pot 2 T = Tool length = 151.3698 mm )
M37 ( Set mode off )
M448 S105 T3 ( M448 = Tool data register mode 1 on. S105 = Tool radius mode
T3 = Cutter 3 )
S2 T123589 ( S2 = Pot 2 T = Tool radius = 12.3589 mm )
M37 ( Set mode off )
Machining
M30

After starting the program, the PRO5 tool file should look as follows:

Fig. 3-6:

NC-program
O0006 ( TEST)
G10 G90 L2 P1 X0 Y-100 .Z-200.
T1999
M98 P9140
M451 S1 ( Select correction data for first cutter )
H1D2 ( Correction numbers of tool file on NC-page )
M56 ( M-function for data transmission )
G0 G90 X0
G1 G43 H1 Z0 F200 M3 S120 T0

COM5A2227 (en) MAKINO

Addresses 3-23

G0 Z100.
M451 S2 ( Select correction data for second cutter )
H3D4 ( Correction numbers of tool file on NC-page )
M56 ( M-function for data transmission )
G90 G1 Z0 F200 M3 S200 ( G43 is retained if no RESET is issued. )
G0 Z80.
M451 S3 ( Select correction data for third cutter )
H5D6 ( Correction numbers of tool file on NC-page )
M56 ( M-function for data transmission )
G90 G1 Z0 F200 M3 S200 ( G43 is retained if no RESET is issued. )
M98 P9140
T0
M30

3.2.12 Notes on the offset memory, memory spaces

H1, D2 are the offset data of the NC that are normally used. Of course every other position can be ad-
dressed, e.g. H10 D30 etc. In this case the corresponding length enters the offset memory of the NC, at
no. 10 and the radius at no. 30.

3.2.12.1 Notes for Pro 3

In order to save some time, it is also possible to work without M56.

To do this machine parameter 448 must be set to 1.
After each tool change the offset data from the tool file of the MPC-5 is automatically written into the tool
offset data of the NC.
The syntax is exactly as described above, but without M56

Attention! There must be values in the tool file (MPC-5), as otherwise there is a danger of
collision!!

Size of the offset memory

Standard: 99 memory spaces
Expansion: 200 memory spaces
Expansion: 499 memory spaces
Expansion: 999 memory spaces

MAKINO COM5A2227 (en)

3-24 Addresses

3.2.12.2 Notes for Pro 5

On customer request the tool change with correction transfer can also be set up as described below.

OXXXXX
……
T3505
H1D2 (CORRECTIONS CUTTER 1)
M6 (CALL UP MACRO O9001)
……
Program
……
……
M30

M6 calls up macro program O9001 which contains the complete tool change.
The H and D number must precede the M6.
If a tool is in the spindle and the correction value in the Pro 5 tool file is changed, it is necessary to run
through the M6.
Older programming versions are naturally also supported.
Our service staff will set up your parameters.

COM5A2227 (en) MAKINO

Program memory data 4-1

4 Program memory data

For Pro 3 only, for Pro 5 the values in brackets apply.

4.1 Program memory capacity

Standard: 125 KB (128 KB)

Expansion: 250 KB (256 KB)
Expansion: 500 KB (512 KB)
Expansion: 1,0 MB (1,0 MB)
Expansion: 2,0 MB (2,0 MB)
Expansion: (4,0 MB)
Erweiterung: (8,0 MB)

4.2 Number of programs

Standard: 63 programs (63 programs)

Expansion: 125 programs (1000 programs)
Expansion: 200 programs (4000 programs)
Expansion: 400 programs

1 KB = 1024 characters

Legend
[1] VERW.: = prog. no. taken
FREI: = free programs

Fig. 4-1:

MAKINO COM5A2227 (en)

4-2 Program memory data

4.3 Organisation of the program memory

All programs in the program memory are of equal value. In the organisation of the memory no distinction
is made between main programs and sub-programs.

Ranges of program numbers:

0 This program number is automatically used by the MDI function.

1–7999 Free for machining programs

8000–8999 Lockable range, reserved for customer macro O8005–O8200

On request these programs are made available to the customer.

9000–9999 Lockable range for fixed machine sub-programs, e.g. probe.

Note The program range O8000–O8999 is locked with NC parameter 3202

bit 0 = 1 locked, bit 0 = 0 open

4.3.1 Fixed machine sub-programs (Pro 3)

The sub-programs supplied with the machine are in accordance with the machine specifications.
For this reason it is not permitted to interfere with these programs, without first consulting Makino GmbH.
Any failure to observe this prohibition may cause the destruction of the machine. The diskette with the
sub-programs is supplied with the machine. The number of sub-programs depends on the specifications
for the machine.

List of fixed machine sub-programs: (example)

O9027 ...................Variable spindle orientation macro call

O9028 ...................Coolant through the spindle (M26)

O9100 ...................Tool magazine encoding program

The PTN numbers are numbered starting from1 (max. purchased magazine size).

O9130 ...................Change of pallet

This pallet change program should be used in MDI Mode.

O9135 ...................Movement to the pallet change position

Is started automatically in connection with other programs

O9140 ...................Tool change program

Contains all data necessary for a tool change

O9146 ...................Simultaneous tool change and table rotation

O9180 ...................Cancels four-sided machining

O9810 ...................Pallet change system for Random or Full System Mode

O9811–O9814 ......Four-sided processing (0, 90, 180, 270 degrees)

COM5A2227 (en) MAKINO

Program memory data 4-3

O9819 ...................Search for and clamp dummy tool ( replacement tool strategy)

Note The sub-programs listed above and all other sub-programs, with the exception of
O9100, end with M99, i. e. they may not be started on the same level.
They are generally called from the main program or from MDI Mode.
M99 would keep starting the program all over again.

The sub-programs require the following memory capacity:

Standard sub-programs approx. 2 KB

3-co-ordinate probe approx. 11 KB
Tool length measuring device
with tool breakage control approx. 4 KB

Furthermore the number of available programs has been reduced as follows:

Standard programs approx. 8–20 programs

3-co-ordinate probe approx. 30 programs
Tool length measuring device
with tool breakage control approx. 17 programs

4.3.2 Fixed machine sub-programs (Pro 5)

The sub-programs supplied with the machine are designed to match the machine specification.
It is therefore prohibited to modify these programs without the prior consent of Makino GmbH.

Danger! Non-compliance could result in the destruction of the machine.

The diskette containing the sub-programs belongs to the scope of supply of the machine; the number of
sub-programs is dependent on the machine specification.

List of fixed machine sub-programs: (Example for standard version)

O9001 ...................Embedded in macro

O9027 ...................Variable spindle orientation macro-call

O9140 ...................Tool change program (still supplied at the present time)

Contains all the data required for tool changes.

O9146 ...................Simultaneous tool change and table rotation.

O9810 ...................Pallet change program for MDI operation.

MAKINO COM5A2227 (en)

4-4 Program memory data

COM5A2227 (en) MAKINO

Program format 5-1

5 Program format

Programs or program blocks that have been written externally must have a percentage sign (%) at the be-
ginning and at the end. There is an exception if the programs are scanned via the main computer of the
full system, “Model B2”. There the percentage sign is allocated by the system.

The percentage sign starts or stops the reading process. If programs or program blocks are written at the
machine, this sign is automatically at the beginning and at the end of the program and is also output.

Each program must be provided with a program number. Programs that are output by the controls always
have the address O before the program number.

There is an exception in this case as well: If the machine is integrated into a FASTEM-SYSTEM the “O”
must be written.

Main programs and sub-programs differ in their structure and in the way they end. Main programs end
with an M30 and sub-programs with an M99.

Individual programs:

%
: 4711 (main program)
……
……
M30
%

%
: 1000 (sub-program)
……
……
M99
%

MAKINO COM5A2227 (en)

5-2 Program format

Program block:

%
: 120 (main program)
……
……
M30

: 1050 (sub-program)
……
……
M99

: 1051 (sub-program)
……
……
M99
%

COM5A2227 (en) MAKINO

Program modules 6-1

6 Program modules

a) With transfer of the tool offset data from the MPC-5 (2) or Pro 5 to the NC controls
Working with the tool data memory of the MPC-5 (2) or Pro 5
NC turntable

Note Please consult the Makino training dept. when working without M56 and with
Pro 5!

% …………………………………………………...… percentage sign = reading ON

:5681 (MACHINING PROGRAM) ……………….... program number and comments line
G0 G17 G40 G49 G90 ……………………………... preparatory G functions (see “Table 3-3: List of G
functions”)
G10 G90 L2 P1 X0 Y-300. Z-400. B0 ……………... Set the workpiece zero point (G54 = P1)
G10 G90 L2 P2 X-16.555 Y-213.345 Z-500 B0 Set the workpiece zero point (G55 = P2)
G10 G90 L2 P3 X123.8 Y-250.33 Z-490.222 B0 Set the workpiece zero point (G56 = P3)
G10 G90 L2 P4 X0 Y-345.888 Z-544.666 B0 …….. Set the workpiece zero point (G57 = P4)
T4567 ………………………………………………... Search for first tool
N4567 (DRILL D5 HM) ……………………………... block number = tool number, better overview
P9140 M98 ………………………………………….. sub-program for tool change (See “4.3.1 Fixed ma-
chine sub-programs (Pro 3)”)
H1 D2 ………………………………………………... used tool offset data nos. 1 and 2 of the tool offset
memory of the NC.
M56 …………………………………………………... transfer of the offset data from the MPC-5 (2) to the
NC
G54 G90 G0 M11 B0 M10 S1500 M3 T5000 …….. Select the workpiece zero point, position the table,
specify the speed and the direction of rotation, pre-
select the next tool
X____ Y____ F____ M8 ………………………….... Travel to the first X/Y position in Rapid Mode. Set the
feed. Coolant ON.
In theory this block can be included in the previous
one, but Attention! danger of collision!
G43 H1 Z____ ………………………………………. Activate tool length offset and set it off against the Z
target position.
(Actual machining)
P9140 M98
N5000 (SCREW M6)
H1 D2 ……………………………………………...… new data from the MPC; in this way the offset data is
M56 overwritten in the tool offset data of the NC in posi-
tions 1 and 2.

G54 G90 G0 M11 B0 M10 S1500 M3 T0 ……....… T0 = Search for dummy tool.
(The actual machining)
P9140 M98
T0 …………………………………………………….. Put last tool back into the magazine.
M30 ………………………………………………...… End of program (change of pallet in Random Mode)
% ……………………………………………………... Load END

MAKINO COM5A2227 (en)

6-2 Program modules

COM5A2227 (en) MAKINO

Sub-program technique 7-1

7 Sub-program technique

The controls make it possible to work with sub-programs. This allows several sub-programs to be started
from a main program or several main programs each start a sub-program. Apart from this, a further sub-
program can be started from a sub-program, up to four levels in total. The Pro 5 supports up to 10 levels.

Starting a sub-program:

M98 P_____ L ______

O1234 (main program)

N1 O20 (sub-program)
N2 N1
N3 N2
N4 M98 P20 Go to sub-program N3
N4
Return M99
N5
N6

M98 = Command to go to sub-program

P = Address of the program (O number)
L = The value according to this address indicates how often the sub-program is repeated.
Up to 9999 repeats are permissible.
Without the L address the sub-program is only run once.

After the sub-program has been processed M99 causes the system to return to the next block of the call.

MAKINO COM5A2227 (en)

7-2 Sub-program technique

Linkage example:
A maximum of 4 (Pro3)/10 (Pro 5) levels can be selected.

Legend
[1] Main program
[2] Sub-program

Fig. 7-1:

There is also another method for the sub-program technique:

On returning from the sub-program you can determine the address where you wish to continue working.

Example:

Main program Sub-program

O3455 (TEST 21.10.02) O1234 (sub-program von O3455)

N10______ N1010
N20______ N1020
N30______ N1030
N1040
N40 M98 P1234 N1050
N1060
N50______ N1070 M99 P70
N60______
N70
N80______

From this example you can see that you can return to a particular block of your choice. This results in
enormous nesting possibilities which can also be designed with block skip, taking account of certain
blocks.

COM5A2227 (en) MAKINO

Sub-program technique 7-3

Special method with block skip, N2–N6

Fig. 7-2:

O1 ( TEST )
N1 G90 G54 G0 X0 Y0 S900 M3
/N2 G43 H1 Z100.
/N3 G76 Z-6. R2. Q0.2 F72
/N4 G91 G80 G28 Z0 (measure tap hole; if necessary offset tool)
/N5 M0
/N6 M99 P2
N7 G90 G43 H1 Z100.
N8 G76 Z-18. R2. Q0.2 F72
etc.

7.1 Macro program call

The macro program call differs from the normal way of starting sub-programs in that addresses with vari-
able numbers can be added to the macro program call.
The macro program call allows further fourfold nesting in the sub-programs.
These macro programs are used for pocket cutting, special drilling cycles, calculation routines, special
sub-programs etc.

Simple macro program call G65 (effective by block)

G65 P____A____B____C____

G65 = macro program call

P = number of macro program (e. g. O3777)
A–C = addresses with variable numbers

Attention! The addresses allocated to the sub-program are not treated like normal NC ad-
dresses, but the variables behind them are loaded with their numerical values.
Each letter that is used as a variable, apart from program number P, is concluded
with a full stop, A67. B56. D3. ___ etc.

MAKINO COM5A2227 (en)

7-4 Sub-program technique

Starting macro program call with an arresting effect G66

This call is used for drilling cycles, for example, as all the subsequent blocks execute this call.

G66 P____A____B____C____

G66 = macro program call

P = number of macro program (e. g. O3777)
A–C = addresses with variable numbers

Cancellation of the macro program call with an arresting effect G67

Each call with an arresting effect must be cancelled with a G67.

Example:

G66 P3777 R2. Z-56. I-50 F122. C56 macro program call
X____ Y____ positions
X____ Y____ positions
X____ Y____ positions
X____ position
G67 cancellation of macro program call

Further processing

For further information please refer to the special documents on macro programming.

COM5A2227 (en) MAKINO

Explanation of the G functions 8-1

8 Explanation of the G functions

8.1 G0 – positioning in Rapid Mode

The axes travel from P to P1 at maximum speed.

- Movement not interpolated

Axes X and Y move simultaneously below 45°, the axis with the longer movement catches up on the re-
mainder of the path.

- Movement interpolated
Axes X and Y move to the end positions in a straight line.
The type of movement is determined by NC parameter 1401 bit 1 and can also be altered by means of
this parameter.
1401 bit 1 = 0 not interpolated
1401 bit 1 = 1 axes are interpolated

- The non-interpolated movement is set as a default.

- Only non-interpolated Rapid Mode is possible for systems 0M and 6M.
- 4 axes can be moved at the same time.
- The speed in Rapid Mode can differ for the individual types of machine.
- The NC index table can only be moved in Rapid Mode.

Movement from P to P1
G0 X23. Y58.

Legend
[1] Interpolated
[2] Not interpolated
[3] Interpolation active, G0 above 25%

Fig. 8-1: Positioning in Rapid Mode 1

MAKINO COM5A2227 (en)

8-2 Explanation of the G functions

8.2 G1 – straight interpolation in Feed Mode

Movement:
Movement from P1 to P2 and P3

Legend
[1] Rapid Mode

Fig. 8-2: Straight interpolation

The axes travel from P1 to P2 with a calculated feed rate F as a straight interpolation F = mm/min.

All axes can be simultaneously moved with interpolation, i.e. including the B and C axis.

The B axis only in the NC turntable version.

The F command is modal; the programmed F value is effective until a different value is set.

Example:

G90 G0 X20. Y55. P1

G1 X50. Y30. F100 P2
X80. Y10. F200 P3

8.3 G90/G91 – absolute and incremental programming

To move the axes you must use the incremental or the absolute system of units. The incremental system
of units only ever relates to the position last travelled to, while the absolute system always relates to the
preselected zero point.
G90/G91 are self-arresting commands, but should be at the beginning of each tool start. It is possible to
change within a program or a block at any time.

COM5A2227 (en) MAKINO

Explanation of the G functions 8-3

Both in one block: See “8.3.3 Absolute and incremental programming in one block”.

Absolute programming G90

In the case of absolute programming all path details refer to a defined reference point, what is known as
the fixed point or the zero point.

Legend
[1] Start at workpiece zero point
[2] Movement in Rapid Mode
[3] Movement in Feed Mode

Fig. 8-3:

O5301 program number

N1 G91 G0 X20. Y20. S1000 M3 incremental programming in Rapid Mode to pos. 1
N2 G1 Y50. F150 in Feed Mode to pos. 2
N3 X50. to pos. 3
N4 Y20. to pos. 4
N5 X20. back to pos. 1
N6 G0 N6 G0 X0 Y0 Movement in Rapid Mode, both axes to the zero point
N7 M30 End of program

MAKINO COM5A2227 (en)

8-4 Explanation of the G functions

Incremental programming G91

Legend
[1] Start at the workpiece zero point
[2] Movement in Rapid Mode
[3] Movement in Feed Mode

Fig. 8-4:

COM5A2227 (en) MAKINO

Explanation of the G functions 8-5

8.3.1 Exercise 1

Legend
[1] Start

Fig. 8-5:

Only take account of the axis movements (solution: see “12.1 Test task no. 1”).

ABS INC

MAKINO COM5A2227 (en)

8-6 Explanation of the G functions

8.3.2 Exercise 2

Only take account of the axis movements (solution; see “12.2 Test task no. 2”).
Start from the zero point proceeding in a clockwise direction at a feed rate of 100 mm/min.

Legend
[1] Rapid Mode
[2] Feed Mode

Fig. 8-6:

ABS INC

8.3.3 Absolute and incremental programming in one block

It is possible to write absolute and incremental units in one block.

During the circular movement in X and Y direction the cutter is incrementally positioned above G91 on the
Z axis. Thus a hole can be drilled with the corresponding tool. It is advantageous to construct the actual
interpolation as a sub-program.

COM5A2227 (en) MAKINO

Explanation of the G functions 8-7

Example:

Legend
[1] Cutting tool
Cutting tool in an anti-clockwise direction (G3)

Fig. 8-7:

The tool is brought into position by the main program with a called tool length and cutting radius offset, in
this example 3 mm before Z0 and in Y plus (G54).

O5400 (MAIN PROGRAM) O7001 G3 J-15. G91 Z-1. G90

……… M99
………
………
G0 G90 G54 X0 Y0 M3 S14000 F3360 There must be no comments line in the
G43 H1 Z3. sub-program. This guarantees harmoni-
G1 G41 D2 Y15. ous movement.
M98 P7001 L12
G3 J-15.
G1 G40 Y0
G0 Z100.
………
………
M30

MAKINO COM5A2227 (en)

8-8 Explanation of the G functions

The depth of the line must be 9 mm. However as the tool is 3 mm in front of the workpiece zero point, this
amount must be taken into account, as frequently as the sub-program is used (L12) (9 mm + 3 mm = 12
mm, corresponds to L = 12 times). After you have left the sub-program, the bottom of the tap hole will still
be oblique. This is corrected in the main program with G3 J-15.

8.4 G17/G18/G19 – selection of the levels

Levels G17, G18 and G19 must be preselected for circular interpolation, for cutting radius compensation,
for the rotation of the co-ordinate system and for drilling.

These are self-arresting commands

G17 interpolation level X/Y
G18 interpolation level Z/X
G19 interpolation level Y/Z

Legend
[1] XY level [2] ZX level [3] YZ level

Fig. 8-8:

COM5A2227 (en) MAKINO

Explanation of the G functions 8-9

G17 is the ON status.

Fig. 8-9:

8.5 G2/G3 – circular interpolation

G2 = circular interpolation in a clockwise direction

G3 = circular interpolation in an anti-clockwise direction

The tool moves along an arc in accordance with the following instructions.
On the X/Y level (is usually used)

G17 { G2 / G3 } X__Y__{ R__/ I__J__ } F__

On the X/Z level

G18 { G2 / G3 } X__Z__{ R__/ I__K__ } F__

On the Y/Z level

G19 { G2 / G3 } Y__Z__{ R__/ J__K__ } F__

MAKINO COM5A2227 (en)

8-10 Explanation of the G functions

There are two possibilities for defining the centre of the circle:
1. Via the addresses I, J, and K
2. Via the address R
Full circles are only possible via the addresses I, J, and K.

Fig. 8-10:

Note The three drawings show the direction of rotation from the angle of vision of the
third axis moving in a positive direction.

In the case of circular interpolation the end point and the location of the centre of the circle have to be pro-
grammed.

The end point of the arc must be defined with the addresses X, Y and Z. This can be done in absolute
(G90) or incremental mode (G91).

- G90 co-ordinate value of the end point in the tool co-ordinate system
- G91 distance between the starting and the end point.

8.5.1 Circular programming with the addresses I, J, K

The addresses I, J, K determine the centre of the circle; their values must be provided with an operational
sign and allocated accordingly to the addresses X, Y, and Z.
The addresses I, J, and K are incremental values, independent of G90 or G91.

COM5A2227 (en) MAKINO

Explanation of the G functions 8-11

M = centre of the circle I = auxiliary co-ordinate for X

S = starting point J = auxiliary co-ordinate for Y
E = end point K = auxiliary co-ordinate for Z

Fig. 8-11:

MAKINO COM5A2227 (en)

8-12 Explanation of the G functions

Example:

Incremental
G3 G91 G17 X-20. Y20. I-30. J-10. F300

Absolute
G3 G90 G17 X20. Y40. I-30. J-10. F300

Note: The centre of the circle is in negative territory vis-à-vis the starting point.

Legend
[1] Starting point [3] End point
[2] Centre [4] Centre of workpiece

Fig. 8-12:

COM5A2227 (en) MAKINO

Explanation of the G functions 8-13

8.5.2 Fully circular programming in one block

Fig. 8-13: Example of fully circular programming

In a clockwise direction from point A:

Incremental:
G91 G17 G54 G2 I – 30. M3 S1500 F300

Absolute:
G90 G17 G54 G2 I – 30. M3 S1500 F300

In an anti-clockwise direction from point B:

Incremental:
G91 G17 G54 G3 J30. M3 S1500 F300

Absolute:
G90 G17 G54 G3 J30. M3 S1500 F300

8.5.3 Circular programming with address R

Circular interpolations below 360° are easiest to program with R.

R = radius to be cut

Circular interpolation below 180° = a positive R

Circular interpolation of exactly 180° = a positive or negative R
Circular interpolation above 180° but below 360° = a negative R
Circular interpolation of exactly 360° = full circle with I, J, or K

MAKINO COM5A2227 (en)

8-14 Explanation of the G functions

Examples:

Legend
[1] Starting point
[2] End point

G2 X____ Y____ R_____

Fig. 8-14:

Legend
[1] Starting point
[2] End point

G3 X____ Y____ R____

or

G3 X____ Y____ R - ____

Fig. 8-15:

Legend
[1] Starting point
[2] End point

G2 X____ Y____ R-____

Fig. 8-16:

COM5A2227 (en) MAKINO

Explanation of the G functions 8-15

Arc with address R

Legend
[1] Starting point
[2] End point

Fig. 8-17: Arc with address R

Example:
Incremental:

Arc a 180° or smaller

G91 G17 G2 X30. Y30. R30. S1000 M3 F300

Arc b 180° or larger

G91 G17 G2 X30. Y30. R-30. S1000 M3 F300

Absolute:

Arc a 180° or smaller

G90 G17 G2 X0. Y30. R30. S1000 M3 F300

Arc b 180° or larger

G90 G17 G2 X0. Y30. R-30. S1000 M3 F300

MAKINO COM5A2227 (en)

8-16 Explanation of the G functions

8.5.4 Program with circular interpolation

Legend
[1] Movement in Rapid Mode
[2] Movement in Feed Mode

Fig. 8-18:

COM5A2227 (en) MAKINO

Explanation of the G functions 8-17

The movement starts at the zero point, proceeds in a clockwise direction and ends at the zero point.

N1 G90 G17 G0 X0 Y0
N2 X40. Y-40.
N3 G1 X-80. F350
N4 Y-20.
N5 G2 X-40. Y20. R40.
N6 G3 X20. Y80. R60.
N7 G1 X40.
N8 Y-40.
N9 G0 X0 Y0
N10 M30

8.6 G54–G59 zero shift with zero point memory

6 different zero shifts can be selected with the functions G54–G59.

(Standard) As an option there are 48 additional zero shifts. G54.1 P1 – P48.
Without these zero shifts all units of a program would relate to the zero point of the machine (reference
point). Selecting G54–G59 activates the offsets set in the zero point memory.

Attention! G54 automatically becomes active on RESET or Emergency Stop.

If you wish to set the data via a program this must be written as follows:

Example:

G54–G59 Standard zero points

P1 = G54 P4 = G57
P2 = G55 P5 = G58
P3 = G56 P6 = G59

G10 G90 L2 P1 X-100. Y-250.123 Z-560.345 B180. (G54)

L2 = Address standard zero shifts.

Optional zero shifts

G54.1 P1 – P48 (48 additional zero shifts)

G10 G90 L20 P10 X-100. Y-250.123 Z-560.345 B180. (G54.1 P10)
L20 = Address additional zero shifts.

MAKINO COM5A2227 (en)

8-18 Explanation of the G functions

Section of the screen:

Fig. 8-19:

The external (EXT) zero shift is programmed via P0, but be careful, because then all subsequent zero
shifts, including any existing additional zero shift, are shifted according to the operational sign. In principle
there should be a zero on all axes. The others (G57–G59) are on the same page. Turn the page.

8.6.1 Workpiece zero on a horizontal machine, A88e

Calculation of the workpiece zero, e.g. G54. The workspace scheme relates to an A88e.
For other machines the corresponding theoretical dimensions must be taken into account.
Pay attention to the data specific to the machine. All axes are at the reference point.

COM5A2227 (en) MAKINO

Explanation of the G functions 8-19

Legend
[1] Theoretical dimension on the Z axis [5] Workpiece
(e. g. A88e: 1040 mm)
[2] Reference point [6] Workpiece zero G54 X Centre of table
[3] Spindle Y –645.
Z –845.
[4] Theoretical dimension on the Y axis [7] Work holder
(e. g. A88e: 900 mm) [8] Pallet

Fig. 8-20:

MAKINO COM5A2227 (en)

8-20 Explanation of the G functions

Explanations of “Fig. 8-20: ”

The reference point for the machine in the example, A88e, is as follows:
- On the X axis at the centre of the path of movement
- On the Y axis at the most positive axis position
- On the Z axis at the most positive axis position
For details please refer to the operating instructions in question.

Calculations of the shift values for the X, Y, and Z axis on the basis of the example in “Fig. 8-20: ”.

If the workpiece zero is at the centre of the table on the X axis, the shift value is zero.

The Y value is calculated as follows:

900.000 mm – 255.000 mm = 645.000 mm (input –645.000 mm)
As the shift value can only be into the negative, the result of 645.000 mm must be negative.

The Z value is calculated as follows:

1040.000 mm – 195.000 mm = 845.000 mm (input –845.000 mm)
As the shift value can only be into the negative, the result of 845,000 mm must be negative.

These values are entered into the memory for the zero shift under G54 (01).

Input options:

Manual input

Select the workpiece co-ordinate memory of the NC and go to G54 (01) X.

Input X 0 Press Input. Place the cursor on Y.
Input Y –645. Press Input. Place the cursor on Z.
Input Z –845. Press Input.
Do not enter the letters for the address!

Input via program, standard

G10 G90 L2 P1 X0 Y-645. Z-845. (G54)

Input via program, option (G54.1 P1 – P48)

G10 G90 L20 P21 X0 Y-645. Z-845. (G54.1 P21)

Note If the customer should so wish, it is also possible to situate the machine zero on
the surface of the pallet or in any other position.

COM5A2227 (en) MAKINO

Explanation of the G functions 8-21

8.6.2 Example of a program

Program
……
……
H1 D2
M56
G90 G0 G54 X0 Y20.M3 S1400 F120 T1258
G43 H1 Z2.
……
……

Explanation:
Due to the G54 function the programmed axis positions now relate to the 1st workpiece zero.

The tool travels:

- to the workpiece zero on the X axis (X = 0 )
- to 20.000 mm before the workpiece zero on the Y axis (Y = 20.)
- to 2,000 mm before the workpiece zero on the Z axis (Z = 2.)
If the Z axis is moved, the length of the workpiece is offset at the same time.

Several workpiece zero points can be used for one workpiece. If the number of standard shifts (6, G54–
G59) is exceeded, the setting of the zero shift can be integrated into the parts program. The zero shifts
can then be extended infinitely.

8.7 Tool offsets

The offset functions allow easy programming with tools of different dimensions. The offset values of the
tools are added to the distance programmed by means of the offset functions. The distance programmed
thus corresponds to the dimensions on the machining drawing.

Tool length and tool radius offsets are used.

- G43, G49 for tool length offsets

Selection of the offset memory via the H address

- G40, G41, G42 for tool radius offsets

Selection of the offset memory via the D address.

Additional G-functions for 5 axes machining and Pro 5 controls (G41.2, G42.2).

Offset data
There are two methods of administrating the offset data in the controls:
1. Tool offsets via the offset memory of the NC (direct input via MDI or program)
2. Tool offsets via the tool file of the MPC-5 (2) or the Pro 5.

In relation to point 2 see also “3.2.10 Tool offset memory H, D (Pro 3)” and “3.2.11 Use of tool correction
memory H and D with multi-cutter tools (PRO5)”.

MAKINO COM5A2227 (en)

8-22 Explanation of the G functions

8.7.1 Tool offsets by means of the offset memory of the NC

Direct input via MDI or program

Each tool is allocated a fixed offset memory.

Tool 1 (T1) has a length offset 1 (H1) and a radius offset 51 (D51).
Tool 2 (T2) has a length offset 2 (H2) and a radius offset 52 (D52).

Setting the offset data by means of the program:

O6754 (MAIN PROGRAM)

……
G10 G90 L1 P1 R117.692
G10 G90 L1 P2 R215.786
G10 G90 L1 P50 R5.357
……
……
M30

Note Under P1 the tool length of 117.692 mm is set directly in the tool file of the CNC,
under no. 1.
Under P2 the tool length of 215.786 mm is set directly in the tool file of the CNC,
under no. 2.
Here it is not possible to differentiate between the length of the tool and the cut-
ting radius. It is a good idea to divide up the area oneself, e.g. P1–P49 always tool
lengths and from P50–P60 always cutting radius offsets.

Attention! Only possible with TOOL OFFSET A / B (standard)

8.7.2 Additional tool offsets by means of the tool file of the adaptive
controls, MPC-5/Pro3 (option)

Attention! Only possible with TOOL OFFSET “C” (from 2003 also for A / B)

Additional tool length offsets and cutting radius offsets are offered as an option.
There are 5 additional length offsets and 5 additional cutting radius offsets for 17 tools.
This area is in the MPC-5 tool file and is addressed by means of the soft key [OFFSET-DETAIL].
The data can be entered manually or via the program. If this is done via the program, it is a good idea to
set this at the beginning of the main program.

COM5A2227 (en) MAKINO

Explanation of the G functions 8-23

Example:

O4578 (MAIN PROGRAM)

……
M560 …………………………………………… M function for the transmission of the length
T4444 …………………………………………… Tool for which the additional offsets are to be
set.
S123666 ………………………………………… 1st additional length 123.666 mm
S234777 ………………………………………… 2nd additional length 234.777 mm
M37 ……………………………………………… End of the setting function
M561 …………………………………………… M function for the transmission of the radius
T4444 …………………………………………… Tool for which the additional offsets are to be
set
S7123 …………………………………………… 1st additional radius offset 7.123 mm
S2678 …………………………………………… 2nd additional radius offset 2.678 mm
M37 ……………………………………………… End of the setting function
……
……
T4444 …………………………………………… Preselect tool
M98 P9140 ……………………………………… Clamp the tool into the spindle
H1 D1 …………………………………………… Work with the normal offset data if you wish.
M56
……
(Machining)
……
M293 …………………………………………… With M293 the data is loaded from the MPC-5
into the tool offset file of the NC. There it is
G43 H1 Z then located at nos. 1 and 2 (max = 5). It can
(Machining) now be called as desired from the NC pro-
G43 H2 Z…… gram. The data loaded with M56 is overwritten
(Machining) by the M293. If you wish to work with the
G41 / G42 D1 X…… Y…… same tool again using the basic offset data,
(Machining) you must call H1 D1, M56.
G41 / G42 D2 X…… Y……
(Machining)
……
M30 (or next tool)

Please note!
The tool must be in the work spindle before M293 is called.
The data is saved until it is modified or deleted. Deleting data = delete the PTN in the additional tool
file of the MPC-5 [OFFSET-DETAIL]. The data is always loaded in the sequence from 1–5. If you
only wish to have data in position 4 please proceed as follows:
(1)S0, (2)S0, (3)S0, (4) S123666. Pay attention to M560/M561.

8.7.3 Additional tool offsets by means of the tool file of the adaptive
controls Pro 5

Further details may be found in chapter “3.2.11 Use of tool correction memory H and D with multi-cutter
tools (PRO5)”.

MAKINO COM5A2227 (en)

8-24 Explanation of the G functions

8.7.4 G43/G49 – tool length offset

G43 – Offset shift in a positive Z direction.

G49 – Cancel offset shift in Z direction.

This function is not needed in the program as it is integrated into the sub-program for changing
a tool, O9140/O9146.

In the case of G43 the specified tool length offset (stored in the offset memory) is added to the co-ordi-
nates of the programmed end position by means of the H code.

The resulting co-ordinate indicates the end point after compensation, irrespective of the absolute or incre-
mental unit.
If no movement command has been specified for the axis in question, the system accepts a movement
command with a distance of 0. The tool travels around the offset, in a positive direction if there is a posi-
tive value in G43.
For this reason always call G43 in connection with an offset number (such as H1) and a movement com-
mand.

Example: G43 H1 Z0

Legend
[1] Value of movement command [3] Actual movement
[2] Offset value [4] H = Length of tool

Fig. 8-21:

COM5A2227 (en) MAKINO

Explanation of the G functions 8-25

8.7.5 G40/G41/G42 – tool radius offset

G40 – Cancellation of the cutting radius offset

G41 – Tool radius offset left of the contour

G42 – Tool radius offset right of the contour

These functions are self-arresting, but ATTENTION: G40 is effective after a RESET .

The tool radius offset is the distance between the centre axis of the tool and the tool cutting edge to be
used (radial).

G41
The tool cutting edge is shifted at a right angle to the offset value, left of the surface to be machined. The
type of machining in question is climb milling. Due to the tool lifetime, the precision of the machining and
the quality of the surface it is the type of machining most frequently used.

Legend
[1] The cutter turns to the right (M3)
[2] Tool shift
[3] Radius offset
[4] Direction of the axis movement

Fig. 8-22: Climb milling

MAKINO COM5A2227 (en)

8-26 Explanation of the G functions

G42
The cutting edge of the tool is shifted at a right angle to the offset, to the right of the surface to be ma-
chined.
The type of machining in question is therefore opposed milling.

Legend
[1] Direction of the axis movement
[2] The cutter turns to the right (M3)
[3] Tool shift
[4] Offset

Fig. 8-23: Opposed milling

Selection of the levels

The level needs to be determined (G17, G18, G19) for the tool radius offset. If G17 is selected, the tool ra-
dius is offset in the X and Y axes. The Z axis is not affected by the tool radius offset.
Level G18 performs the offset in the Z and X axes and the Y axis is not affected.
Level G19 performs the offset in the Y and Z axes and the X axis is not affected.

Selecting the tool radius offset

Offset on the X/Y level

G17 { G0 / G1 } { G41 / G42 } X__ Y__ D__ (F__)

Offset on the Z/X level

G18 { G0 / G1 } { G41 / G42 } X__ Z__ D__ (F__)

Offset on the Y/Z level

G19 { G0 / G1 } { G41 / G42 } Y__ Z__ D__ (F__)

Note In a block with G41 or G42, G0 or G1 must be effective, or set as well.

In circular G2 or G3 interpolation no radius offset can be activated.

COM5A2227 (en) MAKINO

Explanation of the G functions 8-27

Note The movement command in the block with G41 or G42 requires at least one axis
to be determined on the level selected (G17, G18, G19). However the distance
travelled may not be zero.

Note The tool radius must be smaller than the smallest inner radius of the contour.
If there is any interference, the program is stopped by an NC alarm one block be-
fore the defective instruction.

During the selected tool radius offset

The radius offset is set at a right angle to the contour.
During the active radius offset (and not only then) the controls read two blocks in advance in order to cal-
culate the next setting position. For this reason at least every second block must contain a movement in-
struction on the axes of the levels selected.

Negative example:

G17 G41 G1 X___ Y___ D___ F___

X___
S1500 F___ ← ERROR!!
Z___
X___

In this example there is an NC alarm because there is no movement instruction in X and/or Y.

Cancelling the tool radius offset

When the radius offset is cancelled, it is essential to observe the following conditions.
1. Call the G40 function together with at least one axis of the level selected.
Here too the distance travelled must be greater than zero.
2. It is only possible to cancel the radius offset in G0 or G1.

Example:

G17 G41 G1 D___ X___ (Y___)

↓
↓ (contour)
↓
G0 G40 X___ (Y___)

MAKINO COM5A2227 (en)

8-28 Explanation of the G functions

8.7.6 Contour example

The tool starts at the zero point and travels around the contour in a clockwise direction. It is located to the
left of the contour. When it reaches the end of the contour it returns to zero.

Fig. 8-24:

COM5A2227 (en) MAKINO

Explanation of the G functions 8-29

Program

N3444 (CUTTER DM 10)

H1 D2
M56
G54 G90 G0 X0 Y0 S2340 M3 F318 M8 T7654
G43 H1 Z10.
Z-5.
G17 G1 G41 D2 X20. Y18.
Y80.
X50.
G2 X80. Y50. R30.
G3 X50. Y20. R30.
G1 X18.
G0 G40 X0 Y0
Z50.
M98 P9140

8.7.7 Feed rates in the case of circular milling

The feed rate relates to the centre of the tool. In the case of movements along a straight line the relative
speed from the centre of the tool to the outer diameter of the tool is the same.

Fig. 8-25:

MAKINO COM5A2227 (en)

8-30 Explanation of the G functions

In the case of movements along a circular path the relative speed from the centre of the tool to the outer
diameter of the tool is different.

Fig. 8-26:

Note The feed rate at the cutting edge of the tool increases for inner circles and de-
creases for outer circles.

Note In the case of inner circles this means that the feed rate per gear tooth is too high
and this can cause the cutter to break.

Note In the case of outer circles the feed rate per gear tooth is too low and this leads to
greater wear and tear.

Conversion of the feed rates in the case of circular milling

Outer milling: F’ = (D – d) x F/D

Inner milling: F’ = (D + d) x F/D

F’ = Feed on the circular path

D = Diameter to be cut
d = Diameter of cutter
F = Feed on a straight line

COM5A2227 (en) MAKINO

Explanation of the G functions 8-31

The FANUC 11M, 15M, 16M and PRO5 300is controls have an automatic device to decrease the feed
rate in the case of inner contours and a selected cutting radius offset.
Standard setting: up to 50% of the programmed F-value; can be set to up to 1 % by means of parameters.

In the case of outer contours with a selected cutting radius and contour milling without a radius offset the
formulae set out above must be applied in order to decrease the feed rate.

8.7.8 Linear positioning and retraction for outer circles

Fig. 8-27:

MAKINO COM5A2227 (en)

8-32 Explanation of the G functions

Example of a program

N3012 (CUTTER D12)

H1 D2
M56
N1 G54 G90 G0 X0 Y47. S663 M3 F265 T5600
N2 G43 H1 Z20. M8
N3 Z-15.
N4 G17 G1 G41 D2 X-20. Y19.9
N5 X0
N6 G2 J-19.9 F345
N7 G1 X20. F265
N8 G0 G40 X0 Y47.
Z50.
P9140 M98

In the case of a circular movement the feed rate must be increased to the relative speed.
The example was programmed with average tolerance.

COM5A2227 (en) MAKINO

Explanation of the G functions 8-33

8.7.9 Circular positioning and retraction for inner circles

Similar to “8.7.11 Program example for “8.7.10 Tapping with 2½ axes””.

Legend
[1] Cutter DM32

Fig. 8-28:

ER = (D + DF) / 4

ER = AR = Run-in and run-out radius

D = Diameter to be cut
DF = Diameter of cutter

MAKINO COM5A2227 (en)

8-34 Explanation of the G functions

Example of a program:

N1001 (CUTTER D32)

H1 D2
M56
G54 G90 G0 X0 Y0 S249 M3 F249 M8 T124
G43 H1 Z-16.
N1 G17 G1 G41 D2 X23. Y7.
N2 G3 X0 Y30. R23.
N3 J-30.
N4 X-23. Y7. R23.
N5 G0 G40 X0 Y0
Z50.
P9140 M98

8.7.10 Tapping with 2½ axes

For tapping a further axis is moved to the circular interpolation of two axes.
In this way a thread or an ordinary ascending curve can be generated.

The following axis combinations are possible:

G17 = circular interpolation in X and Y, linear movement in the Z axis
G18 = circular interpolation in Z and X, linear movement in the Y axis
G19 = circular interpolation in Y and Z, linear movement in the X axis

G18 and G19 are only needed in special cases with an angular cutting head.
(G45–G48 must then be activated.)

Climb milling prolongs the life of the tool and produces a better surface.
The circular run-in and run-out must be programmed with a gradient.
Otherwise the contours are distorted on insertion.

Calculation of the positioning and retraction radius: (ER)

ER = (D + DG) / 4)

ER = AR = Positioning or retraction radius

D = Outer diameter of thread
DG = Diameter of the tapper

Calculation of the positioning and retraction angle: (EW)

EW = 90° – (ATAN ((D / 2 – ER) / ER))

EW = AW = Positioning or retraction angle

D = Outer diameter of thread
ER = AR = Positioning or retraction radius

COM5A2227 (en) MAKINO

Explanation of the G functions 8-35

Calculation of the gradient of the positioning or retraction radius: (PE)

PE = EW x P / 360°

PE = PA = Gradient of the positioning or retraction radius

EW = AW = Positioning or retraction angle
P = Gradient

8.7.11 Program example for “8.7.10 Tapping with 2½ axes”

Tapping M8
Core hole: 6.8 mm
Gradient: 1.25 mm
Finished after one revolution

Fig. 8-29:

MAKINO COM5A2227 (en)

8-36 Explanation of the G functions

Results according to the formula of “8.7.10 Tapping with 2½ axes”

ER = 3.7 mm
EW = 85.365°
PE = 0.296 mm

In the following program section it is demonstrated how the calculated data is used.
Only this section has been taken into account. For the calculation of the F value see “8.7.7 Feed rates in
the case of circular milling”.

N1 G17 G90 G1 G41 D2 X3.7 Y0.3

N2 G3 X0 Y4. R3.7 G91 Z-0.296 G90
N3 J-4. G91 Z-1.25 G90
N4 X-3.7 Y0.3 R3.7 G91 Z-0.296 G90
N5 G1 G40 X0 Y0

8.8 Automatic regulation of the feed rate for contour borders

8.8.1 Cutting mode G64 (with an arresting effect)

When there are sharp-edged borders the feed rate is automatically regulated in Feed Mode (G1, G2, G3)
so that there is a slight rounding of the corners, i.e. the next block is already started although the current
one has not yet been fully machined. This rounding is intentional in order to spare the tool and the ma-
chine.

Legend
[1] Distance programmed
[2] Actual distance

Fig. 8-30:

The cutting mode, G64, is a self-arresting function and an ON status. It can be cancelled with G61 or G62.

COM5A2227 (en) MAKINO

Explanation of the G functions 8-37

8.8.2 Exact hold G9 (effective by block)

This function oversteers the Cutting Mode (G64) by block in order to generate a sharp corner.
It is only effective in connection with Feed Mode (G1, G2, G3).

Example:

G1 X___
G9 Y___
G9 X___
Y___

Legend
[1] Exact hold

Fig. 8-31:

8.8.3 Exact hold G61 (with an arresting effect)

This function oversteers the Cutting Mode (G64) by block in order to generate a sharp corner.
It is only effective in connection with Feed Mode (G1, G2, G3).
It can be cancelled with G64 or G62.

G1 X___
G61 Y___
X___
G64 Y___

Legend
[1] Exact hold

Fig. 8-32:

8.8.4 Automatic decrease of the feed rate

For sharp-edged inner contour borders the feed rate is automatically decreased in Feed Mode (G1, G2,
G3) shortly before and after the border, depending on the angle of inclination. This function is only effec-
tive if a radius offset (G41/G42) has been selected.

MAKINO COM5A2227 (en)

8-38 Explanation of the G functions

It can be cancelled with G64 or G62. The lengths of the paths (Le, Ls) are set by means of parameters.

Legend
[1] Distance programmed
[2] Tool centre path

Fig. 8-33:

8.8.4.1 G60 – positioning from one direction

In order to achieve greater precision on positioning it is possible to approach from one direction only. This
means that the width of the backlash is not effective. The G60 command is programmed instead of the G0
command. G60 is a non-arresting command.

Call:

G60 X___ Y___ Z___

The positioning is in a positive direction. The positioning distance is 1 mm. The axes then stop shortly be-
fore the end point if the positioning direction is the same as that intended.

COM5A2227 (en) MAKINO

Explanation of the G functions 8-39

Legend
[1] Positioning distance
[2] Brief stop
[3] End point

Fig. 8-34:

Note 1. G60 is not executed within fixed drilling cycles.

2. The approach direction is not changed on mirroring.
3. G60 is also possible in the case of NC round axes (A – B – C).
4. Positioning is always executed in Rapid Mode without straight interpolation.
5. This function can be disregarded in the case of machines of the A series.

8.9 Drilling cycles

The drilling cycles run according to a fixed procedure. They simplify programming for drilling with ejection
of chippings, tapping etc.

MAKINO COM5A2227 (en)

8-40 Explanation of the G functions

8.9.1 Overview of the fixed drilling cycles

x = Cycles mainly used

G-function Tool movement in Z Behaviour at Return traverse Examples of applica-

direction the bottom of movement in Z+ tions
the tap hole direction
x G73 Interrupted feed None Rapid Mode Drilling in stages in the
case of slow-chipping
material
x G74 Feed Reversal of Feed Left tapping with tap
spindle rota-
tion direction
x G76 Feed Oriented spin- Rapid Mode Smoothing tap holes with
dle stop and the boring bar (without
lift-off return groove)
x G80 – – – Cancels cycle
Also G0
x G81 Feed – Rapid Mode Normal drilling cycle
x G82 Feed Dwell pause Rapid Mode Lowering cycle
x G83 Interrupted feed – Rapid Mode Drilling with ejection of
with return chippings
x G84 Feed Reversal of Feed Tapping with tap
direction in
which the
spindle turns
G85 Feed – Feed Drilling cycle
G86 Feed Spindle stop Feed Drilling cycle
x G87 Feed Oriented Rapid Mode Reverse drilling cycle
spindle stop
with lift-off
G88 Feed Dwell time Manual feed or Drilling cycle
Spindle stop Rapid Mode
G89 Feed Dwell pause Feed Drilling cycle

Table 8-1:

8.9.2 Flow pattern

The drilling cycles run according to the following pattern:

1. Positioning in X and Y axes

2. Movement in Rapid Mode to point R. This is in front of the workpiece surface by a distance that has
to be defined.
3. Drilling in Feed Mode to the Z point.
4. Operation at the bottom of the tap hole
5. Return to R point or
6. Return to starting point.

COM5A2227 (en) MAKINO

Explanation of the G functions 8-41

Legend
[1] Starting point
[2] R point
[3] Z point
[4] Rapid Mode
[5] Feed

Fig. 8-35:

Note The starting point corresponds to the position of the Z axis at the beginning of the
drilling cycle. The Z axis travels in Rapid Mode from this position to point R, point
R being above the workpiece.

MAKINO COM5A2227 (en)

8-42 Explanation of the G functions

8.9.3 Addresses used

The drilling cycles are programmed according to the following format:

Gxx { G98 / G99 } R_ Z_ [ P_ Q_] (X_ Y_ F_ L_)

Minimum specifications:

Gxx Specification of the drilling cycle

G73, G74, G76, G80 – G89

G98 Return to starting point

G99 Return to point R

R Starting point for the feed movement

Z Finishing point for the feed movement

Additional details that are required for certain drilling cycles:

P Dwell pause at the bottom of the tap hole

Q Partial drilling depth in the case of G73 or G83 or G84

lift-off in the case of G76 or G87
Q is always an incremental value.

Additional specifications that can be made with the cycle call:

X, Y Positioning the tap hole

F Feed speed

L Number of repetitions of the cycles

If L is not programmed the cycle is executed once by
the controls. Execution is suppressed in the case of L0.

All specifications can be altered during the time that the drilling cycles are effective.

COM5A2227 (en) MAKINO

Explanation of the G functions 8-43

Explanations of the command entry

G90 Absolute programming

Legend
[1] Starting point
[2] R point
[3] Workpiece surface Z0

Fig. 8-36:

The R point and the Z point are absolute co-ordinates in the workpiece co-ordinate system.

G91 incremental programming

Legend
[1] Starting position
[2] Workpiece surface

Fig. 8-37:

The R value and the Z value are distances between the starting point and the finishing point. The opera-
tional sign indicates the direction of the movement.

MAKINO COM5A2227 (en)

8-44 Explanation of the G functions

G90 absolute programming

R 2. Z-10.

Legend
[1] Workpiece surface
[2] R point
[3] Z point

Fig. 8-38:

G91 incremental programming

R-98. Z-12.

Legend
[1] Workpiece surface
[2] R point
[3] Z point

Fig. 8-39:

COM5A2227 (en) MAKINO

Explanation of the G functions 8-45

8.9.3.1 G98/G99 – return traverse position

G98 = Return traverse to starting position

G99 = Return traverse to R point

With this function the return traverse position of the tool is controlled after the execution of the drilling cy-
cle. It makes it possible to skip obstacles. The starting position corresponds to the position of the Z axis
when the cycle is called and cannot be altered during the time that the cycle is effective.
G98/G99 is only effective in connection with the drilling cycles.
G98 is the ON status

Legend
[1] Starting position [4] Z point
[2] R point [5] Feed
[3] Workpiece surface [6] Rapid Mode

Fig. 8-40:

8.9.4 The call and the effectiveness of the drilling cycles

The calls can look like this:

1. X___ Y___
G81 G99 R___ Z___
X___ Y___

1. Positioning in X and Y, then call and execution in this position. For each further position the drilling cy-
cle is repeated until it is cancelled.

MAKINO COM5A2227 (en)

8-46 Explanation of the G functions

2. G81 G99 X___ Y___ R___ Z___

X___ Y___

2. Positioning and call in one block:

First of all positioning is carried out, then the cycle is executed. At each further position the drilling cy-
cle is repeated until it is cancelled.

3. X___ Y___
G81 G99 R___ Z___ L0
X___ Y___

3. Positioning in X and Y, then call of the cycle. The L0 function blocks execution for this block. For each
further position the drilling cycle is executed until it is cancelled.
This option is used for sub-programming so that all positions of a hole pattern are available in a sub-
program (lowering, drilling, tapping).

With the L0 function the execution of the drilling cycle can also be disabled at the positions.
This function is used in order to avoid double machining.

Example:

X___ Y___
G81 G99 R___ Z___
X___ Y___
X___ Y___
X___ Y___ L0 The drilling cycle is not
X___ Y___ L0 executed in this position.
X___ Y___
X___ Y___
G80

8.9.5 G80 – cancelling the drilling cycles

With the G80 function the effective drilling cycle (G73, G74, G76, G81 to G89) and the corresponding
specifications, such as the R and Z points, the starting position, the dwell pause etc., are cancelled. The
feed and Q values remain. The same effect is achieved by calling G0.

COM5A2227 (en) MAKINO

Explanation of the G functions 8-47

8.9.6 G81 – drilling cycle

Cycle for simple drilling operations.

Legend
[1] R point [2] Z point [3] Starting point

Fig. 8-41:

Call:

G81 (G98 / G99) R___ Z___

8.9.7 G82 – drilling cycle with dwell time

Cycle for lowering operations

Legend
[1] R point [3] Starting point
[2] Z point [4] Dwell pause P

Fig. 8-42:

MAKINO COM5A2227 (en)

8-48 Explanation of the G functions

The dwell pause is programmed by means of address P in milliseconds (ms) (P300 corresponds to
300 ms).

Call:

G82 (G98 / G99) R___ Z___ P___

8.9.8 G83 – drilling cycle with ejection of chippings

The tool executes the return traverse movement to the R point for the ejection of chippings after the partial
drilling depth (address Q) has been reached. This is done in Rapid Mode. Then the tool returns to up to 1
mm of the previous drilling depth and repeats the process.

Legend
[1] Point R [3] Point Z
[2] Level of point R [4] Starting level

Fig. 8-43:

The partial drilling depth (Q) is a positive incremental unit.

Call:

G83 (G98 / G99) R___ Z___ Q___

COM5A2227 (en) MAKINO

Explanation of the G functions 8-49

8.9.9 G73 – drilling cycle with chip breaking

After reaching the partial drilling depth (Q) the tool lifts 0.2 mm, thus breaking the chip. This procedure is
repeated until the Z point is reached.

Legend
[1] Point R [3] Point Z
[2] Level of point R [4] Starting level

Fig. 8-44:

Call:

G73 (G98 / G99) R___ Z___ Q___

Explanations
In the fast deep-hole drilling cycle there is an intermittent feed along the Z axis. Due to the step-by-step
delivery it is easier to remove the chippings from the hole and a lower value can be set for the return
traverse. This improves efficiency.
The distance (d) is determined in NC parameter 5114.
The tool is withdrawn in Rapid Mode. Before the G73 command is given, the spindle rotation must be
started by means of an additional function (M-Code).

MAKINO COM5A2227 (en)

8-50 Explanation of the G functions

If G73 and an M code are in the same block, the M code is executed on the first positioning process. The
system then goes to the next drilling process.
If the number of repetitions of the drilling process is determined by means of (L), the M code is only exe-
cuted on the first drilling process, but not on the second and the following drilling processes.
If the tool length offset has been ordered for the fixed cycle (G43 / G49), this is executed on point R on po-
sitioning.

8.9.10 G74 – left tapping cycle with floating tapper

The left tapping cycle must be started with the available spindle left run command (M4).
'When the Z point is reached, the spindle automatically switches to right run (M3). In the R point the spin-
dle reverses again and turns again to left run (M4). Otherwise the same conditions apply as in the case of
the right tapping cycle (G84). Feed offsets are ineffective in the case of tapping.
The cycle is only aborted after the return procedure, even if Feed Hold has been specified.

Legend
[1] Spindle left run (M4) [4] Reversal of the rotation
[2] R point direction
[3] Z point [5] Spindle right run (M3)

Fig. 8-45:

Call:

G74 (G98 / G99) R___ Z___

COM5A2227 (en) MAKINO

Explanation of the G functions 8-51

8.9.11 G76 – drilling cycle with oriented spindle stop and lift-off

When the tool has reached the bottom of the tap hole, the spindle is halted at a fixed rotation position (in-
ternal M19) and the tool is moved in the opposite direction to the tip of the tool and then withdrawn This
prevents damage to the machined surface and allows clean and precise drilling. Q is set to 0.2 mm as a
default setting.

Q Q must always be a positive value. Negative values are disregarded. The shift direction must be
set in –Y as a default setting in machines of the A series 16Mi, 18Mi and PRO5.
Changes are possible for 16 Mi and 18Mi using NC-parameter 5101, bit 4 (RD1) and
bit 5 (RD2).
For the PRO5 it is NC-parameter 5148.

Q is a modal value which remains stored during a fixed cycle. As this command is also used for
the cutting depth in G73 and G83, it should be treated with caution.

Legend
[1] Q and spindle start [4] Oriented spindle stop
[2] R point [5] Starting point
[3] Z point

Fig. 8-46:

Call:

G76 (G98 / G99) R___ Z___ Q___

MAKINO COM5A2227 (en)

8-52 Explanation of the G functions

Legend
[1] Oriented tool position
[2] Lifted boring bar
[3] Boring bar
[4] Lifting path (Q)

Fig. 8-47:

8.9.12 G84 – Right tapping cycle with floating tapper

The right tapping cycle must be started with the available spindle right run command (M3).
When the Z point is reached, the spindle automatically switches to left run (M4). At the R point the spindle
reverses again and turns to right run (M3). During the tapping the factors the feed and speed override
functions are ineffective. A feed hold triggered during the present cycle does not become effective until
the starting point at G98 or the R point at G99 has been reached.
The cycle can only be interrupted using Emergency Stop.

Legend
[1] Spindle right run (M3) [4] Reversal of the rotation direction
[2] R point [5] Spindle left run (M4)
[3] Z point [6] Starting point

Fig. 8-48:

COM5A2227 (en) MAKINO

Explanation of the G functions 8-53

The following points must be observed in the case of tapping with a floating tapper:

1. The feed rate (F) is calculated from the spindle speed (S) and the gradient of the thread (P).

F=SxP

2. The maximum speed should not exceed 600 1/min.

(Do not confuse with rigid tapping !!)

3. The safety distance from the R point to the surface of the workpiece should be at least 6 mm.
Call:

G84 (G98 / G99) R___ Z___

8.9.13 G85 – drilling cycle with return traverse in Feed Mode

After being positioned on the X and Y axes, the tool travels to point R or point Z in Rapid Mode.
Once the bottom of the tap hole has been reached, the tool returns to the starting point (R or Z) at feed
rate.

Legend
[1] R point [2] Z point [3] Starting point

Fig. 8-49:

Call:

G85 (G98 / G99) R___ Z___

MAKINO COM5A2227 (en)

8-54 Explanation of the G functions

8.9.14 G86 – drilling cycle with spindle stop - Rapid Mode back

Legend
[1] R point [4] Spindle stop
[2] Z point [5] Spindle start
[3] Starting point

Fig. 8-50:

Call:

G86 (G98 / G99) R___ Z___

COM5A2227 (en) MAKINO

Explanation of the G functions 8-55

8.9.15 G87 – drilling cycle with reverse boring bars, back drilling cycle

Legend
[1] Spindle right run (M3) [5] Rapid Mode
[2] Z point [6] Feed
[3] R point [7] Shift
[4] Starting point [8] Oriented spindle stop

Fig. 8-51:

In this cycle the following operations are executed consecutively:

1. Positioning in X and Y
2. Oriented spindle stop (internal M19)
3. Shift by the Q value
4. Travelling to the R point
5. Shifting back to the X and Y positions
6. Spindle start right run (M3)
7. Travelling to the Z point in Feed Mode
8. Oriented spindle stop
9. Shift by the Q value
10. Travelling to the starting point
11. Shifting back to the X and Y positions
12. Spindle start right run (M3)

The lift-off direction is set to Y+ at the works (see “8.9.11 G76 – drilling cycle with oriented spindle stop
and lift-off”).
A G99 is not possible.

Call:

G87 G98 R___ Z___ Q___

MAKINO COM5A2227 (en)

8-56 Explanation of the G functions

8.9.16 G88 – drilling cycle with spindle stop after a dwell pause

Legend
[1] R point [4] Spindle start
[2] Z point [5] Starting point, spindle start
[3] P: dwell pause, spindle stop

Fig. 8-52:

The spindle stops at the Z point after the expiry of the dwell pause. Now it is possible to intervene manu-
ally in the cycle by switching over the mode selection switch. After being switched down, the machine can
be started again. In the case of G99 the tool travels to the R point. In the case of G98 it travels to the start-
ing point. The spindle starts and the controls read the next program block.

Call:

G88 (G98 / G99) Z___ R___ P___

COM5A2227 (en) MAKINO

Explanation of the G functions 8-57

8.9.17 G89 – drilling cycle with dwell time and return in Feed Mode

Legend
[1] R point [4] P: Dwell pause, spindle stop
[2] Z point [5] Starting point, spindle start
[3] P: Dwell pause

Fig. 8-53:

Call:

G89 (G98 / G99) Z___ R___ P___

MAKINO COM5A2227 (en)

8-58 Explanation of the G functions

8.9.18 Examples of the drilling cycles

Example 1

Fig. 8-54:

Work sequence:
1. Centering and chamfering
2. Core drilling
3. Tapping

COM5A2227 (en) MAKINO

Explanation of the G functions 8-59

%
O1000 (DRILLING CYCLES) N1003 (SCREW TAP M12)
T1 H1 D2
M98 P9140 M56
N1001 (NC SPOT DRILL D16X90 GR) G0 G90 G54 X50. Y50. S265 M3 F464 T3 M8
H1 D2 G43 H1 Z50.
M56 G84 G99 R6. Z – 18.
G0 G90 G54 X50. Y50. S663 M3 F66 T2 M8 Y – 50.
G43 H1 Z50. X – 50.
G81 G99 R2. Z – 6. Y50. G98
Y – 50. G80
X – 50. M98 P9140
Y50. G98
G80
M98 P9140

N1002 (DRILL D 10.2)

H1 D2
M56
G0 G90 G54 X50. Y50. S780 M3 F195 T3 M8
G43 H1 Z50.
G73 G99 R2. Z – 31. Q5.
Y – 50.
X – 50.
Y50. G98
G80
M98 P9140

MAKINO COM5A2227 (en)

8-60 Explanation of the G functions

Example 2
In example 1 all co-ordinates are specified in the main program, for each tool.
It is better to put the actual co-ordinates in a sub-program. Thus in the main program you only start the cy-
cle you need and stop it with L0, i.e. in the main program you already travel to the 1st position. L0 prevents
the cycle from being executed in this position.

%
O1000 (DRILLING CYCLES) O5120 (CO-ORDINATES OF O1000)
T1 X50. Y50.
M98 P9140 Y – 50.
N1001 (NC SPOT DRILL D16X90 GR) X – 50.
H1 D2 Y50.
M56 M99
G0 G90 G54 X50. Y50. S663 M3 F66 T2 M8
G43 H1 Z50.
G81 G99 R2. Z – 6. L0
M98 P5120
G0 G80 Z100.
M98 P9140

N1002 (DRILL D 10.2)

H1 D2
M56
G0 G90 G54 X50. Y50. S780 M3 F195 T3 M8
G43 H1 Z50.
G73 G99 R2. Z – 31. Q5. L0
M98 P5120
G0 G80 Z100.
M98 P9140

N1003 (SCREW TAP M12)

H1 D2
M56
G0 G90 G54 X50. Y50. S265 M3 F464 T0 M8
G43 H1 Z50.
G84 G99 R6. Z – 18. L0
M98 P5120
G0 G80 Z100.
M98 P9140
T0
M30
%

Note The G80 does not need to be in the main program. It is already in O9140 and
O9146.

COM5A2227 (en) MAKINO

Explanation of the G functions 8-61

Example 3
Another drilling cycle with sub-programs for M12

Legend
[1] Material ST42

Fig. 8-55:

Work sequence:
1. Centering and chamfering
2. Core drilling
3. Tapping

MAKINO COM5A2227 (en)

8-62 Explanation of the G functions

O5611 (DRILLING CYCLES 3) O7001 (CO-ORDINATES M12)

T3450 X50. Y0
M98 P9140 X35.355 Y35.355
N3450 (NC SPOT DRILL D16X90 GR.) X0 Y50.
H1 D2 X-35.355 Y35.355
M56 X-50. Y0
G0 G54 G90 X50. Y0 S663 M3 F66 T8124 M8 X-35.355 Y-35.355
G43 H1 Z50. X0 Y-50
G81 G99 R2. Z-6. L0 X35.355 Y-35.555 G98
M98 P7001 M99
M98 P9140
N8124 (DRILL D10.2)
H1 D2
M56
G0 G54 G90 X50. Y0 S780 M3 F195 T8777 M8
G43 H1 Z50.
G73 G99 R2. Z-33. Q5. L0
M98 P7001
M98 P9140
N8777 (SCREW TAP M12)
H1 D2
M56
G0 G54 G90 X50. Y0 S265 M3 F464 T0 M8
G43 H1 Z50.
G84 G99 R6. Z-20. L0
M98 P7001
M98 P9140
T0
M30

Example 4
Drilling on various levels and at varying depths

Fig. 8-56:

COM5A2227 (en) MAKINO

Explanation of the G functions 8-63

The tap holes are generated in the specified sequence (1–4).

N1200 (DRILL HSS D10.)

H1 D2
M56
G0 G90 G54 X45. Y45. S796 M3 F199 T4500 M8 (POS. 1)
G43 H1 Z50.
Z2.
G81 G99 R2. Z – 18.
X15. R – 18. Z – 43. (POS. 2)
Y15. Z – 38. G98 (POS. 3)
X45. R2. Z – 13. (POS. 4)
G0 Z50.
M98 P9140

Example 5
Drilling sequence with equal distances.
11 tap holes

Fig. 8-57:

Program section:

N2561 (DRILL D10)

H1 D2
M56
G0 G90 G55 X – 100. Y0 S796 M3 F199 T5600 M8
G43 H1 Z50.
G81 G99 R2. Z – 18.
G91 X20. G90 L10
G0 Z50.
M98 P9140

MAKINO COM5A2227 (en)

8-64 Explanation of the G functions

8.10 G4 – dwell pause

There are two possibilities for programming:

1. Via the P address
2. Via the X address

1. If the P address is used, the specification is made in milliseconds.

Longest dwell pause = 99999999 ms

Example:

G4 = Dwell Pause Mode

P = Time in ms

G4 P1000 1000 ms = 1 sec.

G4 P1 1 ms = 0,001 sec.

Attention! When it is being processed the dwell pause is displayed in the Distance To Go
display via the X axis.

Attention! If the positioning display after the decimal point has four positions, one further po-
sition must be taken into account under address P. 1 sec. = P10000.

Attention! In a block with G4 there can be an S, T, or M command, but no movement com-

mand for an axis.

2. If address X is used, the specification is made in seconds.

Example:

G4 = Dwell Pause Mode

X = Time in seconds

G4 X1. 1 second
G4 X10. 10 seconds
G4 X0.001 1 ms

COM5A2227 (en) MAKINO

Explanation of the G functions 8-65

Programming example:
Flat core drilling with smoothed base

Fig. 8-58:

N3450 (FLAT CORE DRILL D16)

H1 D2
M56
G0 G90 G54 X100. Y100. S397 M3 T12
G43 H1 Z2.
G1 Z – 5.5
S40 F4
Z – 6.
G4 X0.5 (dwell pause 0.5 secs.)
(or G4 P500)
G0 Z50.
M98 P9140
etc.

8.11 G28 – automatic movement to the reference point

The reference point is a fixed position of the axes. It is (normally) also the zero point of the machine.
After the Emergency Stop has been switched on, the reference points can be travelled to manually or au-
tomatically.
With G28 the axes addressed travel to the reference points in Rapid Mode via an intermediate position.
The intermediate position relates to the workpiece co-ordinate system (G54/G59) currently active.
Before the reference points are travelled to (by the program) the length and radius offsets and the drilling
cycles must be cancelled.
G28 is not a self-arresting command.
The G28 command is only rarely used in the program as the movement to the reference points is called in
the tool change or pallet change sub-program.

MAKINO COM5A2227 (en)

8-66 Explanation of the G functions

Example:
G54 G90 G28 X250. Y250.

Legend
[1] Current position
[2] Intermediate point

Fig. 8-59:

Note If no intermediate position is programmed, it is essential to ensure that G91 is

also programmed.
Without G91 the active zero shift is moved out first, to the zero position. This can
cause considerable collisions.

Example:

G28 G91 X0 Y0 Z0
G28 B0
G90

The sequence in which the axes are moved is always Z first, then X, Y and B.

COM5A2227 (en) MAKINO

Explanation of the G functions 8-67

8.12 G30 – automatic movement to the second reference point

The second reference point is a fixed position of the axes which is used when the tool or pallet change po-
sition is not at the zero point of the machine. The position is determined by means of parameters.

The G30 command is not used in the program as the movement to the second reference point is started
in the tool change or pallet change program.

This creates maximum space for the sub-programs O9140, O9146 and O9130.

8.13 G52 – setting a local co-ordinate system

In the zero shifts (workpiece co-ordinate system) G54–G59 and G54.1 P1 – P48 can be set with the G52
function, “local zero shifts”.

Input format:

G52 X___ Y___ Z___

The zero point of the “local co-ordinate system” is the same as the zero point of the zero shift G54–G59
and G54.1 P1 – P48.

MAKINO COM5A2227 (en)

8-68 Explanation of the G functions

Legend
[1] Offset of the zero shift [4] “Local co-ordinate system”
[2] Zero shift G59 [5] Offset of the “local zero shift”
[3] Zero shift G54

Fig. 8-60:

After the “local zero shift” has been set, the values programmed in G90 refer to the zero point of the “local
zero shift”. It is possible to change the “local zero shift” by entering a different axis path in connection with
the G52 command. On the cancellation of the “local zero shift” by G52 X0, Y0, Z0 the zero point of the
zero shift G54–G59 and G54.1 P1 – P48 becomes effective.
This function is used for repeating contours or hole patterns within a workpiece.

COM5A2227 (en) MAKINO

Explanation of the G functions 8-69

8.14 G53 – Selection of the machine co-ordinate system

This command is used to address the machine co-ordinate system. It is only effective by block. The move-
ment to the specified position is only executed in Rapid Mode. (G0). The Absolute Mode (G90) must be
active. In Incremental Mode (G91) the command is disregarded. The tool length and radius offsets must
be deactivated before G53 is used.

Call:

G90 G53 X___ Y___ Z___ B___

Legend
[1] Zero point of the machine co-ordinate system
[2] Position in the machine co-ordinate system
Reference point

Fig. 8-61:

MAKINO COM5A2227 (en)

8-70 Explanation of the G functions

COM5A2227 (en) MAKINO

Standard skip function 9-1

9 Standard skip function

With the aid of the Skip function it is possible to execute or skip program sections which are not necessary
for each workpiece of a series, e.g. measurement whetting, parts of hole patterns etc., according to the
preselection which has been made.
With the skip slash ( / ) entire blocks, parts of blocks or parts of programs can be marked and thus skipped
if required.

Activating the function:

Everything that is marked with

the skip slash will be skipped.

Skip slash Block Skip

ON

Fig. 9-1:

If the “Block-Skip” key has been switched off, the program will be executed as usual.
In the case of the horizontal machining centres (MC series) the activation of the Block Skip function of the
pallet can be added to the pallet data (MPC-5, work data, Random Mode).

The Block Skip function can also be activated via the NC program.

M140 = Block-Skip ON
M141 = Block-Skip OFF

Example: Bock skip of positions within a hole pattern.

N1005 (DRILL D8)

-------------
G81 G99 Z – 25.3 R2.
/ X35.355 Y35.355
X0 Y50.
/ X – 35.355 Y35.355
X – 50. Y0
/ X – 35.355 Y – 35.355
G0 Z50.
-------------

MAKINO COM5A2227 (en)

9-2 Standard skip function

COM5A2227 (en) MAKINO

Functions specific to the controls 10-1

10 Functions specific to the controls

The Fanuc 0M and 16M controls have an extended standard in their functions. Rigid tapping is the stand-
ard function for the Fanuc 0M controls and the Prescient Contour Mode is an optional function. The Fanuc
16M controls have rigid tapping and prescient contour mode as a standard function.
The Pro 5 control system does not use the prescient contour mode as standard, instead it must be pro-
grammed. See chapter “10.1 G8 – Prescient Contour Mode”.

10.1 G8 – Prescient Contour Mode

The Prescient Contour Mode allows a milling contour to be machined without polishing.

Features of the controls:

Fanuc 16M/Pro3 Fanuc 0M/Pro.A
Rapid Mode speed: 30 m/mins 24 m/mins
Feed speed: 16 m/mins 8 m/mins

The 4 linear axes, X, Y, Z and B, are supported for the controls of 16 Mi and higher versions.
In the case of Fanuc 0M/Pro.A only X, Y and Z are supported.

Program format:
The function is added to the contour program or a contour within a program.
The tool offset data is set off as usual.
The function is switched on and off by means of the G8 P1 command.
The G8 P1 command (P0) must be in a separate block.

Example:

N12 (CUTTER D8)

H1 D2
M56
G0 G54 G90 X___ Y___ S___ F___ M3 T___ M8
G43 H1 Z___
G8 P1 ← ← ← ← ← Switch function on
G0 X___ Y___
G1 Z___
G41 X___ Y___
X___
Y___
G40 X___ Y___
G8 P0 ← ← ← ← ← Switch function off
M98 P9140

10.2 Important notes on G8 P1 (P0)

M251 = Precision in the µ area is disregarded

M250 = Precision Mode (cancels M251)

There is also the possibility of overriding the above process with 2 M functions (M251 / M250).

MAKINO COM5A2227 (en)

10-2 Functions specific to the controls

If the M function M251 (must stand alone) is placed in front of the G8 P1, higher priority is given to speed
during machining. Precision is disregarded in the µ area.
If precision is given higher priority, M250 is set (also alone).

The prescient contour mode must be switched off with G8 P0 when the following functions are used:
1. Rigid tapping by means of M135/G84/G74/G84.2 and G84.3
2. F functions, F1–F9, with fixed feed rates
3. Spindle executed as a C axis
4. Cylinder interpolation G7.1
5. Entry of polar co-ordinates G15/G16
6. Dry Run

The prescient contour mode cannot be switched on or off during the function, Z Axis Neglect or Machine
Lock.

The prescient contour mode must be switched on or off for the controls of the Fanuc 0M/Pro.A if neces-
sary, always using G8 P1 or P0.

In the case of the Fanuc 16M/Pro.3 controls it is possible to have the function activated by means of an
NC parameter, always in Auto Mode(Memory/Tape) or, if necessary, through G8 P1, P0.

Only for Pro 3

NC parameter 1602 bit 7 to 0: the prescient contour mode is activated by means of G8P1 and cancelled
with G8 P0 or RESET.

NC parameter 1602 bit 7 to 1: the prescient contour mode is activated by means of Auto Mode (Memory/
Tape) or cancelled with G8 P0 or RESET.

10.3 Rigid tapping

10.3.1 M135/G84 – right thread

Cycle for right tapping with a rigid drill chuck.

In the case of rigid tapping the feed rate of the Z axis and the speed of the spindle are synchronised.
At the beginning of the cycle the spindle is stopped at the R point. Then the feed rate and the speed run
up synchronously to the specified data in a right run (M3) and are stopped synchronously at the Z point
(target depth). The feed rate and the speed are moved to the R point, synchronously again, in a left run
(M4).
The cycle ends with a stopped spindle.
During rigid tapping the feed rate and speed overrides are not effective. A feed hold triggered during the
cycle is only effective after the starting point has been reached in the case of G98 or the R point in the
case of G99. An interruption is only possible by means of Emergency Stop.
With the controls of 16MB and higher the M135 command must stand alone in a block.
In the case of some controls (higher than 16MB) it is quite possible to write both commands, M135 and
S___, in one block. In order to avoid having to rewrite your programs later it is recommendable to write
M135 alone.
Furthermore it must be ensured that M3 is not programmed. The direction of rotation is determined by the
selected cycle.

COM5A2227 (en) MAKINO

Functions specific to the controls 10-3

Legend
[1] Spindle stop
[2] R point
[3] Right run (M3),
Z axis travels synchronously with the spindle speed
[4] Z point
[5] Left run (M4),
Z axis travels synchronously with the spindle speed
[6] Starting position

Fig. 10-1:

The following points must be observed in the case of rigid tapping:

1. The feed rate and the speed must be exactly attuned to each other. The feed rate can be pro-
grammed with three points after the decimal point.

F = S x P
Feed Speed Gradient

2. If a G0 is used during the active cycle (cancels the cycle), in order to rotate the B axis in Rapid Mode
for example, the complete cycle must be called again.
The speed, in particular, must be programmed before the M135 as the speed memory is set to n = 0.
Call the S command on the revolution of the B axis.

Examples:

Speed S 453
Gradient P 1,75

F = 792.750

MAKINO COM5A2227 (en)

10-4 Functions specific to the controls

Maximum speed = 2000 1/min

Only use drill chucks with torsion protection above the square.

N8777 (SCREW TAP M12)

H1 D2
M56
G0 G54 G90 X50. Y0 S453 F792.75 T0 M8
G43 H1 Z50.
M135
G84 G99 R6. Z-20. (Using adress Q is posible.)
X___ Y___
G0 M11 B180. M10 S453
X___ Y___
M135
G84 G99 R6. Z-30. (Using adress Q is posible.)
G0 Z100.
M98 P9140
T0
M30

10.3.2 M135/G74 – left thread

The same conditions apply as in the case of the right thread cycle (M135/G84).

Legend
[1] Spindle stop
[2] R point
[3] Left run (M4),
The Z axis travels synchronously with the spindle speed
[4] Z point
[5] Right run (M3),
The Z axis travel synchronously with the spindle speed
[6] Starting position

Fig. 10-2:

COM5A2227 (en) MAKINO

Functions specific to the controls 10-5

10.3.3 G84.2 – right thread system 15M/16M

Cycle for right tapping with a rigid drill chuck.

In the case of rigid tapping the feed of the Z axis and the spindle speed are synchronised.
At the beginning of the cycle the spindle is stopped at the R point. Then the feed and the speed run up
synchronously to the specified data in a right run (M3) and are stopped synchronously at the Z point (tar-
get depth). In the left run (M4) the feed and the speed are synchronously moved to the R point again.
Furthermore it must be ensured that M3 is not programmed. The direction of rotation is determined by the
selected cycle.

The cycle ends with a stopped spindle.

Legend
[1] Spindle stop
[2] R point
[3] Right run (M3),
Z axis travels synchronously with the spindle speed
[4] Z point
[5] Left run (M4),
The Z axis travels synchronously with the spindle speed
[6] Starting position

Fig. 10-3:

Attention! Before G82.2 is called the GI function must be switched off with G08 P0. After
G82.2 has been called for the last time, it must be re-activated with G08 P1. Fail-
ure to do this will cause the machine to come to a halt or trigger an error mes-
sage.

MAKINO COM5A2227 (en)

10-6 Functions specific to the controls

10.3.4 G84.3 – left thread system 15M/16M

The same conditions apply as in the case of the right thread cycle, G84.2.

Legend
[1] Spindle stop
[2] R point
[3] Left run (M4),
The Z axis travels synchronously with the spindle speed
[4] Z point
[5] Right run (M3),
The Z axis travels synchronously with the spindle speed
[6] Starting position

Fig. 10-4:

Attention! Before G82.2 is called the GI function must be switched off with G08 P0. After
G82.2 has been called for the last time, it must be re-activated with G08 P1. Fail-
ure to do this will cause the machine to come to a halt or trigger an error mes-
sage.

10.4 Tool monitoring devices

10.4.1 Tool monitoring devices (Pro 3)

1. Check whether all the tools necessary for machining are in the tool file of the MPC-5.
O1000 (MACHINING PROGRAM)
M36 Test Mode ON
T1000 Tool query
T1200 Tool query
T2346 Tool query
M37 Test mode OFF
(Further program data)

COM5A2227 (en) MAKINO

Functions specific to the controls 10-7

2. Setting the SL values by means of the NC program.

O5478 (MACHINING PROGRAM)
………
M46 Set Mode ON
T1000 S150 T1000 gets 15.0 amps
T1200 S50 T1200 gets 5.0 amps
T2346 S120 T2346 gets 12.0 amps
M37 Set Mode OFF
(Further program data)

3. Setting the AC values by means of the NC program.

O3344 (MACHINING PROGRAM)
………
M47 Set Mode ON
T1000 S170 T1000 gets 17.0 amps
T1200 S40 T1200 gets 4.0 amps
T2346 S130 T2346 gets 13.0 amps
M37 Set Mode OFF
(Further program data)

Note:
If the tool life is set by means of the program or set manually, it must be ensured that the tool life and the
remaining tool life have the same value at the start of machining. After a TL alarm has been triggered,
both values revert to the original value.

Machine parameter 43 must be set as = 1

4. Setting the tool life and the remaining tool life by means of the NC program.
O2000 (MACHINING PROGRAM)
………
M930 Set Mode ON
T1000 S100 T = PTN S = 100 mins.
T1200 S123 T = PTN S = 123 mins.
T2346 S30 T = PTN S = 30 mins.
M37 Set Mode OFF
Set the remaining tool life
M931 Set Mode ON
T1000 S100 T = PTN S = 100 mins.
T1200 S123 T = PTN S = 123 mins.
T2346 S30 T = PTN S = 30 mins.
M37 Set Mode OFF
………
(Further program data)

5. Setting the tool codes (PTN numbers) by means of the NC program.

O4000 (MACHINING PROGRAM)
M57 Set Mode ON
S1 T1000 T = PTN number S = POT number
S12 T4536 T = PTN number S = POT number
S30 T7777 T = PTN number S = POT number
M37 Set Mode OFF

MAKINO COM5A2227 (en)

10-8 Functions specific to the controls

10.4.2 Tool monitoring devices (Pro 5)

1. Check that all the required machining tools are included in the Pro 5 tool file.
O1000 (TEST)
M36 Test mode on
T1000 Query the PTN no. in the tool file
T1200 Query the PTN no. in the tool file
T2346 Query the PTN no. in the tool file
M37 Test mode off
(Other program data)

2. Set the SL-values using the NC program.

Upper SL value
O5478 (TEST)
………
M448 S119 T1 M448 = Tool data register mode1 on.
S119 = Upper SL value T1 = Magazine 1
S101 T7000 Pot 101 = 70% of nominal power
S102 T5000 Pot 102 = 50% of nominal power
S81 T2000 Pot 81 = 20% of nominal power
M37 Set mode off
(Other program data)

3. Temporarily set the SL values.

The tool to be used must be in the working spindle.

Attention! The configuration of S-addresses must be observed!

Oxxxxx
……..
T702
P9140 M98
H1D2
M56
…….
M38 SL-set mode temporarily On
S0 S0 = AC value = 0
S6000 S6000 = upper SL value = 60 percent of nominal power
S0 S0 = lower SL value = 0 percent
M39 SL-set mode End
…….
Machining
…….

The temporary SL-/AC-memories are reset to 0 after the spindle tool is automatically changed.

COM5A2227 (en) MAKINO

Functions specific to the controls 10-9

4. Setting the service life and remaining service life by means of the NC program.
O4721 (SET THE TL ALARM TIME AND BASIC SERVICE LIFE)
M448 S108 T1 M448 = Tool data register mode 1 on.
S108 = TL Alarm time T1 = Cutter 1
S2 T1200 S2 = Pot 2 T1200 = Entered as multiple of 0.1 sec = 2 Min
S3 T240000 S3 = Pot 3 T240000 = Entered as multiple of 0.1 sec = 400 Min
S30 T12000 S30 = Pot 30 T12000 = Entered as multiple of 0.1 sec = 20 Min

M448S110T1 M448 = Tool data register mode 1 on.

S110 = Basic service life T1 = Cutter 1
S2 T1200 S2 = Pot 2 T1200 = Entered as multiple of 0.1 sec = 2 Min
S3 T240000 S3 = Pot 3 T240000 = Entered as multiple of 0.1 sec = 400 Min
S30 T12000 S30 = Pot 30 T12000 = Entered as multiple of 0.1 sec = 20 Min
M37
Further machining

Comment:
When configuring the service life using the program or by hand, ensure that the alarm service life and ba-
sic service life are set to the same values prior to using the machine.
Once the TL-alarm is cleared, both times are generated to their original value.

Machine parameter (PRO5 parameter) 1030 must be set to 1.

5. Set tool coding (PTN number) using the NC program.

O4000 (TEST)
M57 Set mode on
S1 T1000 PTN POT1 (T1000)
S12 T4536 PTN POT12 (T4536)
S30 T7777 PTN POT30 (T7777)
M37 Set mode off

10.4.3 Setting the tool length and the radius by means of the program
(MPC-5)

O4545 (MACHINING PROGRAM)

………
M53 Write Mode ON
T1000 Tool
S112638 Length 112.638 mm
S4675 Radius 4.675 mm
T2346 Next tool
S243899 Length 243.899 mm
S3998 Radius 3.998 mm
M37 Write Mode OFF
(Further program data)

MAKINO COM5A2227 (en)

10-10 Functions specific to the controls

10.4.4 Using the program to set the tool length and radius (Pro 5)

O0001 (Test program)

M448 S103 T1 (M448 = Tool data register mode 1 on. S103 = Tool length T1 = Cutter 1)
S1 T1233333 (S1 = Pot 1 T = 123.3333 mm )
S5 T1781234 (S5 = Pot 5 T = 178.1234 mm )
S7 T1453698 (S7 = Pot 7 T = 145.3698 mm )
M37 (Set mode off)
M448 S105 T1 (M448 = Tool data register mode 1 on. S105 = Tool radius T1 = Cutter 1)
S1 T121234 (S1 = Pot 1 T = 12.1234 mm)
S5 T17896 (S5 = Pot 5 T = 1.7896 mm)
S7 T89687 (S7 = Pot 7 T = 8.9687 mm)
M37 (Set mode off)
………
Proceed with machining

10.4.5 Setting the tool length and the radius directly in the tool offset file
of the NC by means of the program

This option is used when the machine is not working with the tool file of the MPC-5. The data should there-
fore be written directly into the tool offset file of the NC.
This is mainly used for older machines (MC-40, MC-65 etc.).
In order to better distinguish the offsets they have been divided up, e.g. offset nos. 1–50 contain the length
offsets and offset numbers 51–70 the cutting radius offsets.
The range can naturally be selected as you choose.

O 1234 (MACHINING PROGRAM)

………
………
G10 G90 L1 P1 R110675 The value 110.675 mm is written into offset
number 1 (P1).

G10 G90 L1 P2 R234444 The value 234.444 mm is written into offset

number 2 (P2).

G10 G90 L1 P51 R5999 The value 5.999 mm is written into offset
number 51 (P51).

G10 G90 L1 P61 R7888 The value 7.888 mm is written into offset
number 61 (P61).

The program then makes the following calls:

………
………
G43 H1 Z____
or
G43 H2 Z____

G41 / G42 D51 X____ Y____

or
G41 / G42 D61 X___ Y___

COM5A2227 (en) MAKINO

Functions specific to the controls 10-11

10.5 Axis monitoring with M453/M454 (A series as from 16iM) (only for
PRO3)

Description
Controlled by the M functions in the machining program, it is possible to monitor the load of the NC axes
(X, Y, Z, 4., 5.) and of the spindle motor. The maximum currents can be set individually for each axis.
As an alternative to monitoring the maximum currents, it is also possible to program the monitoring of min-
imum currents.
The monitoring of the axes becomes active as soon as a current has been set for this axis and an auto-
matic program run is active in the memory mode (the start lamp lights up). The spindle must also be
switched on to monitor the spindle current.
The monitoring of all axes can be temporarily disabled by means of a function key on the basic screen
(MPC-5).
The active monitoring functions can be followed on the tool monitor screen (MPC-5).
If the maximum current is exceeded, an SL tool monitor alarm is generated.
The monitoring strategies are active as in the case of the standard monitor functions.

NC programming
The currents are set by means of the M functions, M453 and M454.
(Only the most recently programmed function is active.)

M453 Setting of the maximum value for monitoring

M454 Setting of the minimum value for monitoring

These M functions must be programmed in a separate NC block together with an S command and a T
command.

Sx : Indication of the axis to be monitored

0 : Spindle
1 : X axis
2 : Y axis
3 : Z axis
4 : 4th axis
5 : 5th axis

Txxxx : Indication of the current (unit = 0.1 ampere)

Example : T230 = 23.0 amperes

The monitoring function is cancelled by means of M452 Sx (Sx indicates the axis to be cancelled.)
All monitoring functions are cancelled with M2/M30 (end of program).

MAKINO COM5A2227 (en)

10-12 Functions specific to the controls

Example:

Oxxxx
M3 S1000 Spindle start.
M453 S0 T300 Maximum current of the spindle.
30 amperes (start of spindle monitoring).

M453 S1 T200 Maximum current of the X axis

20 amperes (start of the monitoring of the X axis).

G1 X100. F1000 Machining of the X axis.

M452 S1 End of the monitoring of the X axis.

………

M30 Cancellation of all monitoring functions.

Activation of the monitoring functions

The following conditions must be satisfied for the activation of the monitoring functions:

1. The function must be activated by means of machine parameters (see “ Machine parameters” further
below).
2. Memory Mode must have been selected.
3. The Start lamp must light up (automatic program run)
4. The monitoring must be registered with M453/M454.
5. The function skip must be deactivated (basic screen MPC-5).
6. The delay time set by the machine parameter must have expired.
7. To monitor the spindle current the spindle must be switched on and the stabilisation time after the
spindle start must have expired.

The activated functions are displayed on the tool monitor screen (MPC-5).

During the monitoring the present current of the axis is compared with the registered current. If this value
is exceeded (or if there is a shortfall in the case of M454), an “SL” tool monitor alarm is generated and the
preset standard alarm strategies are executed. Machine alarm 21006 is displayed .

The amount of time that the current is exceeded until an alarm is generated can be set by a machine pa-
rameter.

Display on the tool monitor screen

Displays have been added for the monitoring functions on the screen of the tool monitor.

1. Registered monitorings are displayed by means of a pink arrow.

2. Active monitorings are displayed by means of a pink bar.

COM5A2227 (en) MAKINO

Functions specific to the controls 10-13

Example:

Fig. 10-5:

In this example the monitoring for the spindle is registered, but not active (the spindle is standing still).
The monitoring of the X and Z axes is activated and the monitoring of the Y axis is not registered.
If there is a monitoring alarm the most recently registered currents of all axes are stored and can be ac-
cessed by means of the function key, “ALARM LOAD”.

Suspending the monitoring function

On the basic screen (MPC-5) there is a function key for the temporary suspension of the monitoring func-
tion.

Fig. 10-6:

If this function key is active (pink) the monitoring functions are suspended.

Machine parameters

Parameter Text Meaning Set values

50 Z-axis Load Control Exist Activation of the monitoring 2: Monitoring active
function
67 Easy SL Monitor Exist MT monitoring function 0: No monitoring

Table 10-1:

MAKINO COM5A2227 (en)

10-14 Functions specific to the controls

Parameter Text Meaning Set values

68 Current of Axis Load Check Not used 0: Standard
69 Delay Time for Axis Load Check Start-up delay after the monitor- Specific to application
ing function has been switched 0: Standard
on (for all axes)
70 Alarm Time for Axis Load Check Alarm delay time for a monitor- Specific to application
ing alarm 10: Standard (1 sec.)

Table 10-1:

10.6 Suppression of subsequent tools (only for PRO3)

Description
In principle all machines are set for subsequent tools, i.e. a core hole drill that is checked by the drill
breakage control function causes a waiting time for the tapper if this is clamped as the next tool.
The drill breakage control function signals to the NC whether or not the core hole drill has broken off.
This protects the tapper.
The resulting waiting time (approx. 2.5 secs.) can be saved if a command has been set ordering the sup-
pression of the subsequent tool. To do this machine parameter 22 must be set to 1.

In this case the tapper no longer waits in the tool change position until the core hole drill has been chek-
ked.

For technical reasons to do with programming sometimes the thread is not cut immediately after the core
hole drill. As you cannot be certain whether all tap holes have been successfully drilled in the workpiece,
the check is made at a later point in time.
This is done with the M434 function.

If the core hole drill has been reported as being broken, there is a red “BT” message under Status in the
tool file of the MPC-5.

COM5A2227 (en) MAKINO

Functions specific to the controls 10-15

Programming example:

O3346 (PROGRAM)
………
T1800 Core hole drill
M98 P9140
H1 D2
M56
Machining
T9007 any tool
M98 P9140
H1 D2
M56
Machining
T2300 screw tap
H1 D2
M56

M434 T1800 Now it is checked whether the core hole drill is in order.
Not broken means that machining takes place.
Tool broken, alarm message, no machining.

G0 G90 G56 X0 Y0 G43 H1 Z50. S1200 F1800 M8 T______

M135
G84 G99 Z-21.5 R6.
X – 64.5 Y – 76.
M98 P9140
………

10.7 Variable point disablement of the work spindle

Description
With Prof3 it is possible to variably position the work spindles of the machines of the A series.
Only whole, even numbers are permitted, negative entries are accepted.
The M466 function is used.

Necessary parameters that may have to be activated:

NC parameter: 3702 bit 2 = 1
MPC-5 param: 647 to 1 (machine parameter )

There are two programming options:

1. Conventional in the NC program
2. By means of a macro program that we supply to you, see below

MAKINO COM5A2227 (en)

10-16 Functions specific to the controls

Example 1:

O4545 (MACHINING PROGRAM)

T5666
………
#100 = 17. The value 17 is written into the variable 100.
M466 The value of the # is processed.
M318 The spindle orientation is rotated to 17 degrees.

Further processing
………

Example 2:
If the call is to be made via a macro, a parameter must be set:
NC parameter 6087 = 318 macro call via M318 and program number O9027
The program number is binding.

O4545 (MACHINING PROGRAM)

T5666
M318 S17. (No further data)

Further processing
………

Macro program:

O9027 (CALL BY M318)

IF[#19NE#0]GOTO10
#3000=185 (ANGLE NOT SET)
N10 #100=#19
M466
M318
N11 M99

COM5A2227 (en) MAKINO

Functions specific to the controls 10-17

10.8 Activating drill breakage control via M function (only Pro 3)

The drill breakage control function can be activated in the NC program by means of M976 and S1 or dis-
abled by means of S0.

Example:

O3346 (PROGRAM)
………
M976
T1800 S1 S1 = Drill breakage activated
M37 S0 = Drill breakage disabled
T1800
M98 P9140
H1 D2
M56

Further processing

10.9 Processing programs from a SRAM card 4MB (only Pro 3)

For the 16iM controls and higher versions it is possible to have programs that require a great deal of mem-
ory space (up to 4MB) directly processed from a SRAM card.

However this has the disadvantage that this process cannot be followed on the monitor of the NC con-
trols.
This means that entering and exiting is not possible.
The slot for the SRAM card is on the left side of the screen.

The following NC parameters must be set:

NC parameter 138 bit 7 to 1
NC parameter 020 to 4 (selection of channel)

Call:

MDI mode (Mode selection switch)

M198 Pxxxx (Starting the program on the SRAM card)

10.10 Setting tool change speeds from the NC program

10.10.1 For PRO3

2 tool change speeds can be programmed from the NC program by means of M functions.
The 2 speeds are a decrease in the normal change speed and its restoration.
Whether a decrease is necessary depends on the type of machine in question. We speak of heavy tools.
For details please refer to the operating instructions. At all events the speed of the tool change should al-
ways be decreased if probes are used.
If a heavy and a light tool are changed at the same time, the heavier tool has priority. In the tool file of the
MPC-5, an “!” is set in the first column to the right of the PTN number. This shows that this is a heavy tool.
Machine parameter 9045 must be set to 1.

MAKINO COM5A2227 (en)

10-18 Functions specific to the controls

Example:

………
M967 (Selection of the registration mode)
T2576 S1 (S1 = low speed for T2576)
T4555 S1 (S1 = low speed for T4555)
T1000 S0 (S0 = normal speed for T1000)
M37 (End of Set Mode)

10.10.2 For PRO5

The NC-program may be used to program 3 tool change speeds via the data register.
The 3 speeds include a reduction of the normal change speed as well as a restoration to this setting.
Any reduction is dependent on the particular machine model. One refers to heavy tools. Further details
are given in the operating instructions.
If heavy and light tools are changed at the same time, priority is given to the heavy tool. The correspond-
ing value is entered in the tool speed line in the PRO5 tool file.

The following values are permitted:

High
Low
Middle

Example:

O0003 ( Test )
M448 S11 M448 = Tool data register mode 1 on. S11 = Tool speed
S1 T0 S1 = Pot 1 T = 0 High speed
S2 T1 S2 = Pot 2 T = 1 Low speed
S3 T2 S3 = Pot 3 T = 2 Middle speed
M37 Set mode off
……
proceed with machining
M30

10.11 Switching over the pressure level for coolant through the spindle

Example of application:
In this example 2 pressure levels (30 / 50 bar) are used for the coolant function.
The coolant function is called with G65 P9029 Dxx.
The selected pressures are called directly as D parameters in the program.

COM5A2227 (en) MAKINO

Functions specific to the controls 10-19

The macro program contains the logics for the correct selection of the pressure levels. The contents of
O9029 depend on the application and the hardware used.

O4567 (Machining program)

………
G65 P9029 D30. Call of O9029 with a pressure of 30 bar
………
G65 P9029 D50. Call of O9029 with a pressure of 50 bar
………
M30

Macro program for determining the pressure levels

O9029 To be found in the NC program memory
IF[#7EQ30.]GOTO30 D parameter = 30 Bar
IF[#7EQ50.]GOTO50 D parameter = 50 Bar
#3000=199 (CALL OF PARAMETER D ERRONEOUS)
N30 #1=2. 30 Bar corresponds to pressure level 2
GOTO99
N50 #1=6. 50 Bar corresponds to pressure level 6
N99 M570 T#1 Selection of pressure level
M26 Set coolant start and pressure level
M99 Back to main program

Pressure levels can also be pre-selected via M570 and address T (T1 - T7). Address T contains the pres-
sure levels; e.g. T1 = 10 bar, T3 = 30 bar, T7 = 70 bar. M26 is used to activate the coolant.
Syntax for 30 bar:
..........
M570 T3;
M26;
..........

10.12 Programming NC parameters PRO3 and PRO5

General:
The values for parameters can be entered by means of the program. This function is used to determine
the compensation data, on the exchange of machine accessories and on the alteration of the maximum
feed rate or speed in Rapid Mode.
For the adaptation of machining time constants to a change in machining conditions.

Format PRO3:

G10 L50 Parameter input Mode ON

N__ R__ For parameters other than axis parameters
N__ P__ R__ For axis parameters
………
………
G11 Parameter input mode OFF

MAKINO COM5A2227 (en)

10-20 Functions specific to the controls

Format PRO5:

G10 L52 Parameter input Mode ON

N__ R__ For parameters other than axis parameters
N__ P__ R__ For axis parameters
………
………
G11 Parameter input mode OFF

Meaning of the commands

N__ = parameter no. (4 digits)
R__ = parameter setting value. Leading zeros are not needed.
P__ = axes nos. 1–8 for the input of axis parameters
1=X
2=Y
3=Z
etc.

Programming example:
In this example the maximum speed in the Rapid Mode of the Z axis is decreased to 15000 mm/min.

PRO3 PRO5

G10 L50 G10 L52

N1420 P3 R15000 N1420 P3 R15000
G11 G11

Setting bit 2 in NC parameter 3404

PRO3 PRO5

G10 L50 G10 L52

N3404 R00000100 N3404 R00000100
G11 G11

To provide a better overview, the leading zeros have been included in this example.

10.13 Taper, spiral and worm interpolation

With the expanded G2/G3 function (from 16iMB) it is possible to cut both outer and inner tapers as well as
spirals and worms. For this purpose there is interpolation on three axes from the starting point to the tar-
get point.

Addresses and their meaning:

G2 / G3 function call

X, Y, Z target point of the taper or the worm / spiral

I, J Centre of the circle

COM5A2227 (en) MAKINO

Functions specific to the controls 10-21

K Delivery in Z per revolution

Q Delivery in Y per revolution

L Number of revolutions within which the target point is to be reached

Only whole numbers are possible.

Note X, Y, Z: The target point indicates the gradient ratio in relation to the starting point.

Note K, Q: K and Q are alternative specifications. Both values can be written, but must
then correspond to the gradient ratio from the starting point to the target point.

Note L: When L is specified the controls calculate the delivery themselves.

Programming example for a taper:

Fig. 10-7:

MAKINO COM5A2227 (en)

10-22 Functions specific to the controls

Plain language:

%
O6001 (CONE)
G10 G90 L2 P0 X0 Y0 Z0 B0
G10 G90 L2 P1 X1.1 Y – 440. Z – 540. B0 example of zero point
T6001
M98 P9140
N6001 (END CUTTER)
H1 D2
M56
G54 G0 G90 X0 Y0 S5000 M3 F2000 (M8)
G43 H1 Z2. starting point Z
G41 D2 X0 Y44. starting point X and Y
G3 X0 Y34. Z – 30. I0 J – 44. K – 0.1 end point, delivery 0.1 mm/revolution
G0 G40 X0 Y0
Z150.
M30
%

10.14 Converting inches into metric

Input in inches or in metric measurements can be selected with the corresponding G code.

Format:

G20 = Input in inches

G21 = Input in mm

The G code must be in a separate block at the beginning of the program before the co-ordinate system is
set up.
After the G code for the conversion of inches into metric measurements, the system of units for the input
data is switched over to the lowest input increment, in inches or in metric.
The system of units for the degree of angle remains unchanged. The system of units for the following
functions is altered:
- Feed rate command through F code
- Positioning command
- Workpiece zero offset
- Tool compensation
- Scaling unit for manual pulse generator
- Some parameters

When the operating voltage is switched on, the G code is directly before switch off.

Attention! G20 and G21 may not be switched over when the program is running.

Attention! When switching over inputs in inches (G20) to inputs in metric (G21) and vice-ver-
sa the tool compensation must be reset in accordance with the smallest input in-
crement.

COM5A2227 (en) MAKINO

Functions specific to the controls 10-23

If bit 0 (OIM) is set to 1 by NC parameter 5006, the compensation values are au-
tomatically converted and do not need to be entered again.

Attention! On the first G28 command after the switchover the machine travels from the inter-
mediate point in the same way as in the case of manual reference point move-
ment.
The tool travels from the intermediate point towards the reference point.

MAKINO COM5A2227 (en)

10-24 Functions specific to the controls

COM5A2227 (en) MAKINO

Options 11-1

11 Options

11.1 Extended, 8-fold block skip

Due to the extended Block Skip function several varieties of workpiece can be achieved or parts of pro-
grams can be skipped for clamping positions which are not used.
To do this the skip slash ( / ) is appended to a number. This means that 8 further skip functions are creat-
ed.
The additional Block Skip functions (2–9) can be activated manually and directly in the MPC-5 (basic
screen MPC-5) and also from the NC program.

Section from the basic screen, MPC-5:

Fig. 11-1:

Activation of the Block Skip functions. The 2 still missing are on the next page.

Example: Block skip of program parts in the case of clamping positions which are not used

N1249
H1 D2
M56
G0 G90 G54 X___ Y___ S___M3 F___ T4588 M8
G43 H1 Z150.
X___ Y___ (Machining of workpiece 1)
Z200.
/2 G55 M11 B90 M10
/2 X___ Y___ (Machining of workpiece 2)
Z200
/2 /3 G56 M11 B180. M10
/2 /3 X___ Y___ (Machining of workpiece 3)
/2 /3 Z200.
/2 /3 /4 G57 M11 B270. M10
/2 /3 /4 X___ Y___ (Machining of workpiece 4)
/2 /3 /4 Z200.
M98 P9140

etc.

MAKINO COM5A2227 (en)

11-2 Options

N1005 (DRILL D8) M150 = Block skip 2–9 OFF

------------- M152 = Block skip 2 ON
G81 G99 Z – 25.3 R2. M153 = Block skip 3 ON
/ 3 X35.355 Y35.355 M154 = Block skip 4 ON
X0 Y50. M155 = Block skip 5 ON
/ 4 X – 35.355 Y35.355 M156 = Block skip 6 ON
X – 50. /6 Y0 M157 = Block skip 7 ON
/ 7 X – 35.355 Y – 35.355 M158 = Block skip 8 ON
G0 Z50. M159 = Block skip 9 ON
-------------

//2 Format error

/1 /2 Correct

11.2 G7.1 – cylinder interpolation (SYSTEMS 11M, 15M, and 16M)

In the Cylinder Interpolation Mode the travel path for the round axis entered as an angle is converted into
the linear data of a cylindrical lateral surface and interpolated with a linear axis.

The cylinder interpolation function allows the programming of cylindrical machining, e.g. for radial cams
on a cylindrical surface.

Selection of Cylinder Interpolation Mode:

G7.1 Designation of the round axis, cylinder radius

Cancellation of Cylinder Interpolation Mode:

G7.1 Designation of the round axis, cylinder radius = 0

The cylinder radius is calculated from the centre of the pallet, which means that the workpiece always has
to be clamped centrally to the centre of the pallet.

Dependency on other functions

1. The G7.1 command must be in a separate block.

2. The feed rate selected in cylinder interpolation refers to cylindrical machining, i.e. in degrees/min.

3. The B axis must be set parallel to the X axis.

To do this NC parameter 1022 must be set to 5 for the B axis.

Attention! The X axis and the B axis cannot be moved together.

4. The level must be selected with G17 B___ Y___.

This means that the radius offset (G41/G42) and the circular interpolation (G2/G3) are put on the B
and the Y axes.

5. Circular interpolation is only possible with “R” (radius). The addresses “I” and “J” may not be used.
The value of the radius can only be specified in mm, however, and not in degrees.

COM5A2227 (en) MAKINO

Options 11-3

6. Rapid Mode (G0) may not be selected during Cylinder Interpolation Mode.

7. No change of the co-ordinate system (G52, G54–G59, and G54.1 P1 – P48) may be made during
Cylinder Interpolation Mode.

8. The X axis must be set to the zero point.

9. Only 2 axes may be moved in Cylinder Interpolation Mode.

Programming example:

Fig. 11-2:

MAKINO COM5A2227 (en)

11-4 Options

G10 G90 L2 P1 X0 Y – 400. Z – 710. B0

………
N1033 (CUTTER)
G0 G28 G91 X0 G90
H1 D2
M56
G54 M11 B0
Y100. S2344 M3 F123 M8
G43 H1 Z62.
G1 Z57.3
G7.1 B57.3
G1 G17 G42 D2 Y120. B0
N5 B40.
N6 G2 Y100. B60. R30.
N7 G1 Y70.
N8 G3 Y60. B70. R10.
N9 G1 B150.
N10 G3 Y70. B190. R75.
N11 G1 Y110. B230.
N12 G2 Y120. B270. R75.
N13 G1 B361.
G40 Y100.
G7.1 B0
G0 Z100. M10
G17 X0 Y100.
M98 P9140
………

Fig. 11-3:

COM5A2227 (en) MAKINO

Options 11-5

11.3 G16/G15 input of polar co-ordinates

On the input of polar co-ordinates a destination position can be determined by a radius value and an angle
value. The selection is made with G16 and cancelled with G15.
The axes are selected through the selection of the level (G17, G18, G19). The first axis is given the radius
value, the second axis the angle value. This means that on the selection of G17 the X axis has the radius
value and the Y axis the angle value.
The input of the angle always refers to the positive radial of the first axis in an anti-clockwise direction, i.e.
on the selection of G17 to the X axis in an anti-clockwise direction.
The radius and angle values can be issued in absolute (G90) or incremental dimensioning (G91).

Example:

G90 G17 G16 Input of polar co-ordinates X –Y Level

G81 X100. Y30. Z – 20. R – 5. F200 100 mm radius, 30° angle
X100. Y150. 100 mm radius, 150° angle
X100. Y270. 100 mm radius, 270° angle
G15 G80 Cancellation of the input of polar co-ordinates.

Fig. 11-4:

MAKINO COM5A2227 (en)

11-6 Options

11.4 G51/G50 – enlarging or reducing a programmed contour

Range of the change of scale value:

0.001–999.999 or 0.00001–9.99999

The change of scale value is set in the program by means of address P or by means of parameters.

Commands for changing the scale ON/OFF

ON: G51 X___ Y___ Z___ P___

OFF: G50

1. The change of scale values are specified by means of address P.

They range from 1–999999.

No decimal point can be used in the case of P. 1 is 0.001 or 0.00001, set via parameters.
If P is not specified, the change of scale value selected in the parameter is used.
If a value is specified which is outside the range of the change of scale values which have been set,
an alarm is triggered.
The change of scale value cannot be set via an axis.
By means of a parameter (0012) it can be determined whether or not the change of scale function is
effective.

2. The centre point of the scale is specified by means of X, Y and Z.

X, Y and Z always stand for an absolute co-ordinate.

If X, Y and Z are permitted the point where G51 is specified is the centre point of the scale.
X: Co-ordinate value of X, which corresponds to the centre point of the scale
Y: Co-ordinate value of Y, which corresponds to the centre point of the scale
Z: Co-ordinate value of Z, which corresponds to the centre point of the scale

The centre point of the scale corresponds to the centre of the similar diagram and is represented by point
C (enlargement: 1.5) in the following figures, “Fig. 11-5: ” and “Fig. 11-6: ”.

COM5A2227 (en) MAKINO

Options 11-7

Legend
[1] Point C

Fig. 11-5:

3. A change of scale is not applied to the offset data, such as radius offset (G41,G42), tool length offset
(G43, G44), change of tool position (G45 to G48) etc.

Legend
[1] Programmed contour
[2] Scaled contour

Fig. 11-6:

Note Tool compensation data are not scaled.

MAKINO COM5A2227 (en)

11-8 Options

Precautionary measures on changing the scale

1. Specify G51 with P alone in the block and in Mode G40 (cancellation of the radius offset).
G50 can be entered together with other functions and in the Radius Offset Mode.

2. After the change of scale the position is displayed by means of the co-ordinate value.

3. If the value of the parameter is used as the change of scale value, it is not effective before G51 has
been specified, even if it has been altered.

4. By means of a parameter it can be set for each axis whether the change of scale function is effective
or not.
The change of scale function cannot be applied to an additional axis. Irrespective of these parame-
ters, the change of scale function is effective for the circular radius command, R, in Mode G51.

5. A change of scale is not effective in Manual Mode, but it is effective in Tape and Memory mode and
also in MDI.

6. On the movement of the Z axis in the fixed cycle the change of scale cannot be applied to the follow-
ing movements.
Cutting depth Q and free movement in deep drilling cycle (G83, G73), X, Y shift value on fine drilling
(G76) and back drilling (G87).

7. Only specify commands such as G28, G30, in Mode G50.

8. If the results of changing the scale are rounded up by counting fractions of five and more as units and
the other values are disregarded, the travel path may be zero. As a result this could have an effect on
the shift contour via cutting radius offset C.

9. By resetting the machine (RESET) Mode G51 is converted into Mode G50.
Change of scale OFF.

10. After the entry of G51, specify the first movement command as an absolute value.

COM5A2227 (en) MAKINO

Options 11-9

Example of a program with absolute values (G90)

The centre point of the scale and the workpiece zero point are identical.
- The change of scale is effective for X and Y.
- Tool offset

Legend
[1] Centre point of scale
[2] Serial correction of contour,
change of scale: OFF
[3] Change of scale: ON
[4] Change of scale: ON
Path of tool centre point

Fig. 11-7:

N1015 (CUTTER)
H1 D2
M56
G0 G54 G90 X0 Y0 S1200 M3 F120 T1090 M8
G43 H1 Z50.
G51 X0 Y0 P1100
M98 P1000
G50
G0 Z50.
M98 P9140

O1000 (CONTOUR)
G0 X – 40. Y – 30.
Z – 10.
G1 G41 D2 X –30. Y – 22.
Y20.
X15.
G2 Y – 20. R20.
G1 X – 32.
G0 G40 X – 40. Y – 30.
Z2.
M99

MAKINO COM5A2227 (en)

11-10 Options

11.5 Parameters for G51/G50 (only Pro 3)

Parameters (FANUC-NC controls)

1. Setting the scale factor unit

11M/15M 6400 * * * * SCR * * *

16M 5400 SCR * * * * * * *

1: 0.001 scale factor unit

0: 0.00001 scale factor unit

2. Setting the scale values

11M/15M 6410 SCALE RATE

16M 5411 SCALE RATE

Setting range 1–999999

1 stands for factor 0.001 or factor 0.00001.

Note This value can only be used if the value has not been specified in the G51 block
via P.

3. Releasing the change of scale (only possible by means of parameters)

11M/15M 0012 X * * * * * * SCLX *

Y * * * * * * SCLY *

Z * * * * * * SCLZ *

1: change of scale effective

0: change of scale ineffective

4. Change of scale for individual axis (16M only)

16M 5401 * * * * * * * SCLX

G51 X Y Z I J K
X Y Z origin of scale
IJK scale factors for X, Y, Z (visible in parameter 5421)

16M 5421 X SCALE RATE X-AXIS

Y SCALE RATE Y-AXIS

Z SCALE RATE Z-AXIS

The areas marked with an asterisk (*) correspond to the standard settings.

COM5A2227 (en) MAKINO

Options 11-11

11.6 G68/G69 – rotating the co-ordinate system

By means of this function a programmed contour can be rotated on a level. The level is selected via G17,
G18 or G19.
This function is self-arresting. The rotation of the co-ordinate system is selected via G68 and cancelled via
G69.

Legend
[1] Rotation point
[2] Angle of rotation

Fig. 11-8:

Example for the G17 level (X/Y)

…… G68 = Selection of the revolution of the co-ordinate system

G68 X___ Y___ R___ X/Y = Co-ordinates of the rotation point
…… R = Angle of rotation

The angle of rotation is specified in decimal degrees with the smallest increment being 0.001 deg.
In the case of a positive angle the contour is rotated in an anti-clockwise direction by the amount speci-
fied.

If the co-ordinates of the rotation point are not specified, the present position is taken as a rotation point.

In combination with the enlargement or reduction (G51 / G50) of a contour and the radius offset, the en-
largement or the reduction must be switched first, then the revolution of the co-ordinate system and finally
the radius offset. Cancellation is performed in the opposite sequence.

MAKINO COM5A2227 (en)

11-12 Options

Example:

Fig. 11-9:

%
O0001 (LIMB CIRCLE WITH O0010 (CONTOUR OF KIDNEY-SHAPED POKKETS)
KIDNEY-SHAPED POCKETS) X – 5.467 Y49.7
T1 G1 Z – 4. F40
M98 P9140 G2 X5.467 R50. F120
N1001 (FRAESER D8) G1 G41 D2 X5.959 Y54.173
H1 D2 G3 X – 5.959 R54.5
M56 X – 4.975 Y45.227 R4.5
G0 G54 G90 X0 Y50. S995 M3 F120 M8 T0 G2 X4.975 R45.5
G43 H1 Z50. G3 X5.959 Y54.173
Z2. G1 G40 X5.467 Y49.7
M98 P10 G0 Z2.
M98 P11 L6 M99
G69
Z50. O0011 (INCREMENTAL CO-ORDINATE ROTATION)
M98 P9140 G90 G68 X0 Y0 G91 R – 51.429 G90
T0 M98 P10
M30 M99
%

COM5A2227 (en) MAKINO

Options 11-13

Brief description
Machining at a high speed and with a high degree of precision is becoming increasingly important in order
to increase productivity.
The Super GI-Control are controls which steer the machines very precisely even at high feed rates and
which process NC programs very rapidly. They also do so when these programs contain many blocks with
small increments.

Apart from this, the Super GI-Control not only achieves a feed rate of a very high speed and a high degree
of precision, but also makes it possible to achieve surfaces of a very high quality by means of the highly
developed feed control system.

This function enables not only the very precise and rapid machining of simple parts, but also of complicat-
ed products such as matrixes, which need a great deal of very small feed commands. This is on a level
that goes far beyond what we would think possible, thus increasing productivity.

Switching the Super GI-Control on and off

G05 P10000 Switches on the Super GI-Control

……
G05 P0 Switches off the Super GI-Control

Note On the execution of the “G05 P0” command the machine changes from the Super
GI Mode to the GI-Mode. If both Super GI and GI are to be switched off, the “G08
P0” command must be specified behind “G05 P0” in the block.

Note The Super GI-Mode (G05 P10000) continues to be effective until it is switched off
via “G05 P0”.

Note If a RESET has been performed during machining in Super G1-Mode, the Super
GI ON Code must be specified at the beginning of the newly started program.

The Super GI-Mode can be switched on in a sub-program. In this case the Super GI-Mode must be
switched off before returning from the sub-program to the main program.

Example:

Main program Sub-program

O0001 O0002
G90 G54 G0 X0 Y0 G05 P10000 (Super GI ON)
G43 H1 Z 10. G1 F4000
M98 P2 X___ Y___ Z___ B___
G55 G0 X0 Y0 X___ Y___ Z___ B___
Z10. ______________
M98 P2 ______________
M30 ______________
G05 P0 (Super GI OFF)
M99

MAKINO COM5A2227 (en)

11-14 Options

11.7 S-GI function (only Pro 3)

Note Please observe the extra description for Pro 5.

11.7.1 S-GI function offsets

Tool length and radius offsets in Super GI Mode.

1. The command for the tool length offset, G43, must be executed before Super GI-Mode is started.
2. The commands for the tool radius offset, G41/G42, must be switched on after Super GI-Mode has
been started and switched off before Super GI-Mode has ended.
3. During Super GI-Mode G0 and M, S and T codes must be specified if the tool radius offset is switched
off.

11.7.2 S-GI function - encoding of the feed rate (5th axis)

Encoding of the feed rate:

The G93 command puts the system into Inverse Time Mode (G93 Mode).
The inverse time (FNR) is specified with the F code. This makes sense if a 5th axis is also being used.

1. The values to be entered for FRN are calculated as follows:

FRN in the case of linear interpolation (G01)

Feed (mm/min or in/min) -
FRN = --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Path of a block (mm or inches)

FRN in the case of circular interpolation (G02, G03)

Feed (mm/min or in/min)
FRN = --------------------------------------------------------------------
Arc radius (mm or inches)

Further information in the special description:

Specifications Super GI-Control
with Pro 3 / Pro A
version 960409

COM5A2227 (en) MAKINO

Options 11-15

11.7.3 S-GI function - M functions

M250 Standard Mode Ensures a good balance between the machining time and preci-
sion.

M251 Quick Mode Can reduce the machining time by up to 30%. The precision is
somewhat neglected (in the µ area).

M252 Fine Mode Even more emphasis is placed on precision. This prolongs the
machining time by approx. 30%.

Example:

O4711 ( MACHINING PROGRAM )

M251 ( or M252 )
G5 P10000
---------------
---------------
G5 P10000
M250
---------------

11.7.4 S-GI function - mirroring axes

M functions: M21 = Mirroring of X axis ON

M22 = Mirroring of Y axis ON
M23 = Mirroring OFF (X and Y axis)

Example of a program:

G0 G90 X0 Y0
M21 Mirroring of X axis ON
G5 P10000 S-GI Mode ON
Machining
Machining
G5 P0 S-GI Mode OFF
G0 G90 X0 Y0
M23 Mirroring OFF

11.7.5 S-GI function - simple Rapid Mode for G68 and G51

If you use the G68 and G51 functions in connection with S-GI, an NC parameter must first be adjusted.
This adjustment is carried out by means of an NC program. See below.
This NC parameter influences the type of acceleration or braking before interpolation.

Both NC programs must be in the NC memory of the controls.

The program numbers can be adjusted.

MAKINO COM5A2227 (en)

11-16 Options

Change parameters. Write back parameters

O100 O200
G10 L50 G10 L50
N8402 R10000010 N8402 R00000010
G11 G11
M99 M99

11.7.6 S-GI function with scaling

Scaling:

Scaling with S-GI function

------------ Normal machining
M98 P100 Activation of simple Rapid Mode
G5 P10000 S-GI Mode ON
G51 Xx.xxxx Yy.yyyy Pp.ppp Scaling ON
............... Machining
G50 Scaling OFF
G5 P0 S-GI Mode OFF
M98 P200 Cancellation of simple Rapid Mode

11.7.7 S-GI function with system rotation (G68/G69)

System rotation G68/G69

System rotation G68/G69 and S-GI function

------------ Normal machining
------------ Normal machining
------------ Normal machining
M98 P100 Activation of simple Rapid Mode
G5 P10000 S-GI Mode ON
G17 G68 Xx.xxxx Yy.yyyy Pp.ppp System rotation ON
------------
------------
G69 System rotation OFF
G5 P0 S-GI Mode OFF
M98 P200 Cancellation of simple Rapid Mode

COM5A2227 (en) MAKINO

Options 11-17

11.7.8 S-GI function with scaling and system rotation

Scaling and system rotation together

System rotation G68/G69 and S-GI function with scaling

------------ Normal machining

------------ Normal machining
M98 P100 Activation of simple Rapid Mode
G5 P10000 S-GI Mode ON
G51 Xx.xxxx Yy.yyyy Pp.ppp Scaling ON
G17 G68 Xx.xxxx Yy.yyyy Pp.ppp System rotation ON
------------ Machining
------------ Machining
G69 System rotation OFF
G50 Scaling OFF
G5 P0 S-GI Mode OFF
M98 P200 Cancellation of simple Rapid Mode

MAKINO COM5A2227 (en)

11-18 Options

COM5A2227 (en) MAKINO

Solving test tasks 12-1

12 Solving test tasks

12.1 Test task no. 1

O0010 (ABSOLUTE)
G90 X – 60. (Y20.)
X – 20. Y60.
X – 60. (Y60.)
M30

O0010 (INC)
G91 X – 40. (Y0)
X40. Y40.
X – 40. (Y0)
M30

12.2 Test task no. 2

O0020 (ABSOLUTE)
G90 G54 G0 X20. Y10.
G1 Y40. F100 (X20.)
X10. (Y40.)
Y60. (X10.)
X30. (Y60.)
X40. Y50.
X50. Y60.
X70. (Y60.)
Y40. (X70.)
X60. (Y40.)
Y10. (X60.)
X20. (Y10.)
G0 X0 Y0
M30

O0020 (INC)
G91 G0 X20. Y10.
G1 Y30. F100
X – 10.
Y20.
X20.
X10. Y – 10.
X10. Y10.
X20.
Y – 20.
X – 10.
Y – 30.
X – 40.
G0 X – 20. Y – 10.
M30

MAKINO COM5A2227 (en)

12-2 Solving test tasks

COM5A2227 (en) MAKINO

NC program 13-1

13 NC program

13.1 Complete NC program, training test

%
O7000 ( TEST TRAINING)

( T1000 BORING HEAD D63 )

( T2000 END CUTTING, ROUGH DIAGONAL KNURLING D20 )
( T3000 PLAIN END CUTTING)
( T4000 CUTTING CHAMFERING 90 DEGREES ASCERTAIN LENGTH AT R7.5 )
( T5000 NC SPOT DRILL D16. 90 DEGREES LENGTH OF THEORETICAL TIP )
( T6000 DRILL D6.8 FOR M8 )
( T7000 SCREW TAP M8 )

( SET ZERO POINT IN G54 )

G10G90L2P0X0Y0Z0B0 ( G53 )

G10G90L2P1X-11.87Y-480.58Z-485.55B0 ( G54 )

( ENTER LENGTH AND RADIUS IN TOOL DETAILS )

M0

T1000
M98P9140

M11G0B90.M10

N1000 ( BORING HEAD D63 Z3 VC=1484 M/MIN FZ=0:10MM )

H1D2
M56
G0G90G54X28.Y80.M3S7500F2250T2000
G43H1Z20.M8
G1Z0.
G1Y-75.
G0Z20.
X-28.Y80.
G1Z0.
G1Y-75.
G0Z100.
M98P9140

N2000 ( ROUGH DIAGONAL KNURLING D20 Z4 VC=879 M/MIN FZ=0.10MM )

H1D2
M56
G0G90G54X50.Y55.M3S14000F5600T3000
G43H1Z20.M8
G1Z-14.8
Y-55.
X-50.
Y55.
X-65.
G1G17G41D2X-50.Y35.2

MAKINO COM5A2227 (en)

13-2 NC program

X30.2
G2X35.2Y30.2R5.
G1Y-30.2
G2X30.2Y-35.2R5.
G1X-30.2
G2X-35.2Y-30.2R5.
G1Y30.2
G2X-30.2Y35.2R5.
G1G40Y50.
G0Z100.
M98P9140

N3000 ( PLAIN SHAFT D20 Z3 VC=879 M/MIN FZ=0.08MM )

H1D2
M56
G0G90G54X-65.Y55.M3S14000F3360T4000
G43H1Z20.M8
G1Z-15.
G1G17G41D2X-50.Y35.
X30.
G2X35.Y30.R5.
G1Y-30.
G2X30.Y-35.R5.
G1X-30.
G2X-35.Y-30.R5.
G1Y30.
G2X-30.Y35.R5.
G1G40Y50.
G0Z2.
X0Y0
G1G41D2Y15.
M98P7001L22
G3J-15.
G1G40Y0
G0Z100.
M98P9140

N4000 ( CHAMFERING 45 DEGREES Z1 VC=660 M/MIN FZ=0.15MM )

H1D2
M56
G0G90G54X-65.Y55.M3S14000F2100T5000
G43H1Z-0.5M8
G1G17G41D2X-50.Y35.
G1X30.
G2X35.Y30.R5.
G1Y-30.
G2X30.Y-35.R5.
G1X-30.
G2X-35.Y-30.R5.
G1Y30.
G2X-30.Y35.R5.
G1G40Y50.
G0Z20.
X0Y0

COM5A2227 (en) MAKINO

NC program 13-3

G1Z-0.5
G1G41D2Y15.
G3J-15.
G1G40Y0
G0Z100.
M98P9140

N5000 ( NC SPOT DRILL D16 VC=150 m/min )

H1D2
M56

G0G90G54X-25.Y25.M3S6000F400T6000
G43H1Z3.M8
G81G99Z-4.10R3.
M98P7002
G0Z100.
M98P9140

N6000 ( D6.8 DRILL VC=299 m/min )

H1D2
M56
G0G90G54X-25.Y25.M3S14000F1120T7000
G43H1Z3.M26
G81G99Z-23.6R3.
M98P7002
G0Z100.
M98P9140

N7000 ( RIGID TAPPING M8 VC=50 m/min )

H1D2
M56
G0G90G54X-25.Y25.S2000F2500T0
G43H1Z5.M8
M135
G84G99Z-17.R5.
M98P7002
G0Z100.
M98P9140
T0
M30

O7001G3J-15.G91Z-1.G90
M99

O7002
X25.
Y-25.
X-25.
M99
%

MAKINO COM5A2227 (en)

13-4 NC program

Fig. 13-1:

The tools listed are not the same as those used in the program (minor differences).
They only serve to illustrate what a tool setting sheet could look like.

Legend
[1] Coolant transfer unit
193.160
[2] Turning plate 6x
SDPT1204EDERGB
[3] Shell end mill arbor
HSK63ASM22050M
[4] KSSM75 surface cutter
63A06RS75SD12D

Fig. 13-2: Surface cutter ∅63

COM5A2227 (en) MAKINO

NC program 13-5

Legend
[1] VHM cutter ∅20×40×125 z=4
Jabro Tools Sonder GEM JH40 SPEC1908
[2] epb shrink chuck ∅20×160
SECO epb E9304580020160
[3] Coolant transfer unit
Kennametal 193.160

Fig. 13-3: VHM end cutter, D20

Statically counterbalanced in accordance with ISO 1940, force class G = 6.3 mm/s at a speed of
14000 U/min

Attention! When using the inner coolant feed it is essential to put the tube in the holder!

MAKINO COM5A2227 (en)

13-6 NC program

Legend
[1] Coolant tube [4] BF drill
193.160 B464S06800 KF1
[2] Cutting body 1x [5] Individual unit
IP1072247 KM1
[3] Shrink chuck
HSK63ATT20100M

Fig. 13-4: BF tool

Statically counterbalanced in accordance with ISO 1940, force class G = 6.3 mm/s at a speed of
14000 1/min

COM5A2227 (en) MAKINO

NC program 13-7

Legend
[1] Coolant transfer unit [4] Chamfer cutter 45°; z=3
193.160 MT52029D
[2] H1 = total length – 0.3 [5] Turning plate 3x
SPGX0602AP CG4
[3] Shell end arbor
HSK63AEM20080M

Fig. 13-5: Chamfer cutter 45°

MAKINO COM5A2227 (en)

13-8 NC program

Legend
[1] Softsynchro chuck [3] Sealing washer ∅8
FX.005677 FX.005681
[2] Collet chuck ∅8 [4] Tap M8 IKZ
FX.005679 FX.005671

Fig. 13-6: Tap M08

COM5A2227 (en) MAKINO