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Physics Lab 8

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Jabali Allen
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40 views

Physics Lab 8

Uploaded by

Jabali Allen
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Name: Dwayne Longmore

Date: January 16, 2021

Lab:#8

Topic: ​ Pendulum

Aim: ​To determine the acceleration due to gravity using a pendulum.

Apparatus:​ Meter Stick, protractor, pendulum, timer, clamp, boss and stand.

Diagram:
Drawing showing the complete set up of a simple pendulum

Procedure/Method:
● A string with the length of 80 cm was measured from the fixed point to the center of the
ball.
● The pendulum has swung at a 20 degree angle to perform a test run. This angle was
measured from the vertical direction shown in the figure, while it kept taunt.
● For each of the test runs, the starting condition remained the same(no push, same angle).
● The data was recorded into a table, 20 oscillations was timed and repeated for the
remaining lengths.
● A T2 versus length graph was plotted.
Observation/Result Table:

Length/cm Time for 20 Time for 20 Average Time Period T2/S2


osc./s osc./(t2) Tim/s (T)/s

T=tavg/20

80 34 35 34.5 1.725 2.97

70 33 33 33 1.65 2.722

60 30 30 30 1.5 2.25

50 28 28 28 1.4 1.96

40 26 26 26 1.3 1.69

30 21 21 21 1.05 1.1025

20 17 17 17 0.85s 0.7225

10 12 12 12 0.6 0.36

Calculations:
Find the gradient S, of your graph.
y 2 −y 1
gradient= x2 −x1
10−0.36
g= 80−2.97 = 0.125
√
L
If g= T=2 π g
2 2
g= 4π 2L = 4π −0.125
100S ​= 0.393
T

1. What is a simple pendulum?


A simple pendulum consists of a mass m hanging from a string of length L and fixed at a pivot
point P. When displaced to an initial angle and released, the pendulum will swing back and forth
with periodic motion.
2. What caused the pendulum to have the back and front swing?
When a pendulum moves away from its resting position, gravity forces it to swing back. This
force is a function of the earth's constant acceleration due to gravity, the pendulum bob's mass
and the angle between the pendulum and the vertical.

3. What type of force does the pendulum interact with as it swings?


There are two types of force acting on the pendulum when it swings, the ​force of gravity that acts
downward upon the bob and tension force acting upward and towards the pivot point of the
pendulum.
4. What is the relationship between T2 and L.
Mass does not affect the pendulum's swing. The longer the length of string, the farther the
pendulum falls; and therefore, the longer the period, or back and forth swing of the pendulum.
The greater the amplitude, or angle, the farther the pendulum falls; and therefore, the longer the
period.

5. Use your graph to determine the period of the pendulum whose length is 35cm.
The period of the pendulum with the length of 35 centimetre is 1.187 seconds.

6. Find the length of the pendulum that has a period of 2.5s.


The length of the pendulum is 155.25 cm/1.55m.

7. Compare the experiment value 'g' to the true value for 'g'.

Discussion:
The principle of the pendulum is that the Pendulum clock works on the concept of simple
harmonic motion. When a body performs oscillations motion between two ends along a path,
then its motion is said to be oscillatory motion.

√
L
The period formula of a pendulum is ​T+​2 π (2) g . ​T= p​ eriod, π = pi, L= length,
g= acceleration due to gravity.

Precautions:
Careful not to push the pendulum.
Source of Errors:

Conclusion:
I concluded that ​the time period of the simple pendulum is directly proportional to the square
root of its length and that the oscillation of the simple pendulum is isochronous. In dynamical
systems theory, an oscillator is called ​isochronous​ if its frequency is independent of its
amplitude.

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