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Chapter 1p

This document provides an overview of information systems and their importance. It discusses how information systems impact organizations by reducing middle managers and changing their roles. It also explores how information technology has improved quality of life through robotics, which are taking over industrial and service jobs, and advances in healthcare like pill cameras. Overall, the document introduces key topics about information systems and how they are transforming business and society.

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Hamza al-maqbool
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46 views33 pages

Chapter 1p

This document provides an overview of information systems and their importance. It discusses how information systems impact organizations by reducing middle managers and changing their roles. It also explores how information technology has improved quality of life through robotics, which are taking over industrial and service jobs, and advances in healthcare like pill cameras. Overall, the document introduces key topics about information systems and how they are transforming business and society.

Uploaded by

Hamza al-maqbool
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHAPTER 1

The Modern Organization Functioning in a


Global Environment
CHAPTER OUTLINE
1.1 Why Should I Study Information Systems?

1.2 Overview of Computer-Based Information


Systems

1.3 How Does IT Impact Organizations?

1.4 Importance of Information Systems to


Society
IT vs. IS

◼ Information Technology (IT) is all forms of technology


(tool) used to create, store, exchange and use information.

◼ Information Systems (IS) is the combination of


technology (the “what”), people (the “who”) and process
(the “how”) that organization uses to produce and manage
information.

◼ ** Pearlson and Saunders (2013) Strategic Management of Information systems


1.1 Why Should I Study Information Systems?

Homo Conexus
▪ You are the most connected generation in history.

▪ You practice continuous computing.

▪ You are surrounded by a personal, movable


information network.

▪ You can pull information from the Web and push


your ideas back to the Web.
Continuous Computing
The Informed User – You!
◼ Informed User: a person knowledgeable
about information systems and information
technology

➢ Tend to get more value from whatever technologies /


systems they use
➢ Improve the organizations’ performance, productivity and
team work
➢ Help selecting new information systems / applications

➢ Build your own company (entrepreneur)


Build Your Own Multinational Company

http://www.domystuff.com/

http://www.vworker.com/

http://www.webgrity.com/

http://www.b2kcorp.com/

http://www.globetask.com/

http://www.guru.com/

https://www.elance.com/
Digital Nomads
Digital nomad is someone who uses information
technologies such as smart phones, wireless
Internet access, and Web-based applications to
work remotely from anywhere.
IT Offers Career Opportunities
www.simplyhired.com Sep. 17, 2016
IT Offers Career Opportunities

http://www.careerjet.com Sep. 17, 2016


“Top Jobs” in America
“Top Jobs” in America

CIO
Managing Information Resources
Traditional Functions of MIS Department

Example: manage data center

Consultative Functions of MIS Department

Example: create business


alliances
1.2 Overview of Computer-Based
Information Systems
Data

Data: elementary description of things,


events, activities and transactions that
are recorded, classified and stored but
are not organized to convey any specific
meaning.

Examples: 3.5 high


6:00 pm
Information

Information: data that is organized and


structured within a context, and provides
meaning

Example:
➢ Sultan got 3.5 GPA
➢ The temperature is very high today
➢ Oman Air will depart at 6:00 pm to London
Knowledge
Knowledge: information organized and
processed to convey understanding,
experience, accumulated learning and
expertise as they apply to a current
problem or activity.

❖ Know-what
❖ Know-how

Explicit knowledge Tacit knowledge


Computer-Based Information Systems

Computer-based information systems are


information systems that use computer technology
to perform some or all of their intended tasks.

Hardware Software Database

Procedures
Network People
Computer-Based Information Systems
Hardware is a device such as a processor, monitor, keyboard or printer

Software is a program or collection of programs that enable hardware


to process data.

Database is a collection of related files or tables containing data.

Network is a connecting system (wireline or wireless) that permits


different computers to share resources.

Procedures are the set of instructions about how to combine the above
components in order to process information and generate the desired
output.

People are those individuals who use the hardware and software,
interface with it, or uses its output.
Capabilities of Information Systems
 Perform high-speed, high-volume numerical
computations
 Provide fast, accurate communication and collaboration
within and among organizations
 Store huge amounts of information in small space
 Allow quick, inexpensive access to vast amounts of
information worldwide
 Interpret vast amounts of data quickly and efficiently
 Increase effectiveness and efficiency of people working
in groups in one place or around the world
 Automate semiautomatic business process and manual
tasks
Types of Information Systems

Information Systems Inside an Organization


Types of Information Systems
Types of Information Systems
Information Technology Infrastructure: The IT
components, IT services and IT personnel that support an
entire organization.

IT components (platform) consist of hardware, software,


telecommunications and networks, and wireless
communications.

IT services consist of data management, managing security


and risk, and systems development.

IT personnel use IT components to produce IT services.


Types of Information Systems
◼ Functional area information systems (FAIS)
support particular functional areas [HR, Marketing,
Manufacturing, Finance] in an organization.

◼ Enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems


tightly integrate the functional area information systems via
a common database
Types of Information Systems
◼ Transaction processing systems (TPS)
support the monitoring, collection, storage, and processing
(real time) of data from the organization’s basic business
transactions.

Example: point-of-sale (POS) system at Carrfour

◼ Interorganizational information systems


connect two or more organizations.

Example: supply chain management systems


Types of Information Systems

◼ Office automation systems (OAS)


support the clerical staff, lower and middle managers, and
knowledge workers. These people use OASs to
development documents, schedule resources, and
communicate.

◼ Business intelligence systems (BI)


provide computer-based support for complex, non-routine
systems, primarily for middle managers and knowledge
workers.
Types of Information Systems

◼ Expert Systems
attempt to duplicate the work of human experts by applying
reasoning capabilities, knowledge, and expertise within a
specific domain.

◼ Dashboards
support all managers by providing rapid access to timely
information and direct access to structured information in
the form of reports.
1.3 How Does IT Impact Organizations?
IT reduces the number of middle managers.

IT changes the manager’s job.

Will IT eliminate jobs?

IT impacts employees at work.


Ergonomic

Ergonomic: the science of designing machines and


work settings that minimize injury and illness

Ergonomic Products
1.4 Importance of Information Systems to
Society
IT Affects Our Quality of Life

Robot Revolution on the Way

Improvements in Healthcare
The Robot Revolution

See video of Big Dog


robot in action

See ASIMO commercial

See video of ASIMO in action

See video of ASIMO learning


The Robot revolution (continued)

• Industrial Robots

See video of warehouse robots at work

• Telepresence Robots

See video of telepresence robot in


action
Improvements in Health Care
See video of the pill cam in action

The patient swallows the Pill Cam (camera). The camera


takes an image of the digestive tract at intervals, and sends
the images to a device that patients wear on their belts.
The patients take their devices to their doctors who
download the images and view them on a screen.

*** May do away with endoscopy and the need for general
anesthetic for the procedure.

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