CE246-DBMS Roll_No : 19CE005

PRACTICAL – 5
Aim To study various Data Control Languages (DCL),Transfer Control Language (TCL)
commands
THEORY:

DCL (Data Control Language) includes commands like GRANT and REVOKE, which are
useful to give "rights & permissions." Other permission controls parameters of the
database system.

Examples of DCL commands:

Commands that come under DCL:

 Grant
 Revoke

Grant:
This command is use to give user access privileges to a database.

Syntax:

GRANT SELECT, UPDATE ON MY_TABLE TO SOME_USER, ANOTHER_USER;

Revoke:
It is useful to back permissions from the user.

Syntax:

REVOKE privilege_nameON object_nameFROM {user_name |PUBLIC |role_name}

Transaction control language or TCL commands deal with the transaction within the
database.

Commit:
This command is used to save all the transactions to the database.

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 CE246-DBMS Roll_No : 19CE005

Syntax:

Commit;

Rollback:
Rollback command allows you to undo transactions that have not already been saved to
the database.

Syntax:

ROLLBACK;

SAVEPOINT:
This command helps you to sets a savepoint within a transaction.

Syntax:

SAVEPOINT SAVEPOINT_NAME;

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Creating user:

Q-1 Develop a query to grant all privileges of employees table to c##ved user.

A grant all privileges on employees to c##ved;

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 CE246-DBMS Roll_No : 19CE005

Q-2 Develop a query to grant some privileges of employees table to c##ved user.
Providing some privileges like select, insert, update, alter to user c##ved.
A grant select,update,alter,insert on employees to c##ved;

Q-3 Develop a query to revoke all privileges of employees table to c##ved user.

A revoke all privileges on employees from c##ved;

Q-4 Develop a query to revoke some privileges of employees table to c##ved user.
Revoking some privileges like select, insert, update, alter from user c##ved.
A revoke update,insert,select,alter on employees from c##ved;

Q-5 Write a query to implement the save point.

A //this is before updating the table

//after updating

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CE246-DBMS Roll_No : 19CE005

//now creating save point

savepoint ved_correct_sal;

//if by mistake updating ved salary I wrote salary=100

//Now to revive correct salary using savepoint

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 CE246-DBMS Roll_No : 19CE005

Q-6 Insert into employees values(‘c03’,’nishit’,50000,’c01’);

(In my case I had entered details according to my table mentioned in schema section) i.e.
Here c03 as 209 and c01 as 80
Insert into employees values(209,’nishit’,’N Uzumaki’,’nmail’,’’,’14-JUN-05’,’’,’SA_REP’,50000,’’,’’,80);
A insert into employees values(209,'nishit','N Uzumaki','nmail','','14-JUN-05','SA_REP',50000,'','',80);

Q-7 Select * from employees;

Q-8 Write a query to implement the rollback.

A Rollback;

Q-9 Select * from employees;

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 CE246-DBMS Roll_No : 19CE005

Q10 Write a query to implement the commit.

A Commit;

Schema :

Create a table department1 ( dept _no varchar(3), dept_ name varchar(20), dept_location varchar(50) ); Create a
table employee1 ( emp_id varchar(3) , emp_name varchar(20) , emp_salary number(5,2),dep_no varchar(3));

(I am using default oracle HR schema employees and departments table and locations table for getting locations
from location_id in departments table)

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CE246-DBMS Roll_No : 19CE005

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 CE246-DBMS Roll_No : 19CE005

PRACTICAL – 10
Aim To perform basic pl/sql blocks

Q Write a PL-SQL block for checking weather a given year is a Leap year or not

A DECLARE
year NUMBER(4);

BEGIN
year:= &year;
IF MOD(year,4)=0
AND
MOD(year,100)!=0
OR
MOD(year,400)=0 then
dbms_output.Put_line(year || ' is a leap year.');
ELSE
dbms_output.Put_line(year || ' is not a leap year.');
END if;
END;

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