Questions & Answers

- Radiographic Testing (RT) Level - 1 - 2 - 3

by Edward A. Ginzel *
Acknowledgement:
Materials Research Institute Canada are thanked for permission to use their
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Level Question [Ref]

1
The purpose of rectifiers, "valves" (tube type) and capacitors used in the
1 [AGFA]
older x-ray tube units was to
a) increase voltage across the tube
b) increase voltage across the filament
c) smooth voltage fluctuations
d) prevent short circuiting
In low power, low kV x-ray units where size and weight are to be kept
2 [AGFA]
to a minimum, half wave rectification of the voltage is achieved by
a) Thyristor-based circuits
b) Villard circuits
c) Graetz circuits
d) the x-ray tube itself
The technique whereby x-rays are transmitted through a specimen onto
3 a fluorescent screen which is viewed either directly or indirectly is [AGFA]
called
a) radiography
b) fluoroscopy
c) CCTV
d) transmission viewing
In fluoroscopic viewing, thin sections of a specimen of uniform
4 [AGFA]
material are
a) brighter than thick sections
b) darker than thick sections
c) not likely to show any defects
d) not possible to contrast with thick sections
Even with the use of image intensifiers, fluoroscopy in industrial
5 [AGFA]
radiography has limited application because
a) sensitivity is poorer than film
b) no permanent record can be made
c) it is not as safe as film radiography
d) all of the above
The smallest form in which a substance retains all of its physical
6 [Asimov]
properties is a (an)
a) nucleus
b) crystal
 c) molecule
d) photon
7 In its neutral state, the helium atom has _____ electrons. [Asimov]
a) 0
b) 1
c) 2
d) 4
If it was doubly ionized, a helium atom would contain ______
8 [Asimov]
electrons.
a) 0
b) 1
c) 2
d) 4
The material used to provide the high degree of sheilding needed in an
9 [ASNT]
exposure device (gamma camera) is _________.
a) lead
b) zircoloy
c) depleted uranium
d) stainless steel
10 Which of the following is not a means of detecting ionizing radiation [ASNT]
a) LiF crystals
b) calorimetry
c) ionization chambers
d) all of the above can be used as detectors
Theromoluminescence dosimetry makes use of the phenomenon that
11 [ASNT]
absorbed radiation energy
a) ionizes a gas
b) causes ionization in solids
c) excites electrons to higher energy states in isolators
d) causes fluorescence
12 Detection of neutron radiation is by [ASNT]
a) thermoluminescence
b) film badge
c) indirect ionizations
d) none of the above
13 The best definition of radiation dosimetry is; [Burnham]
a) radiation protection measurement
b) the determination of the quantity of radiation which produces a given
biological effect
c) the determination of absorbed dose and exposure
d) the selection of the correct isotope and film for a given exposure
requirement
If instead of a steady voltage applied to it at all times, an ion chamber
14 was charged to a known voltage an allowed to discharge upon [Burnham]
irradiation, it would be considered a
a) direct reading dosimeter (DRD)
 b) Geiger-Muller counter
c) proportional counter
d) discharge tube
15 Radioactive decay is a series of ________ events. [Friedlander]
a) random
b) equally spaced
c) interconnected
d) controllable
16 The half life of an unstable isotope can be altered by varying [Friedlander]
a) temperature
b) pressure
c) chemistry of surrounding atmosphere
d) none of the above
17 The electric charge associated with gamma rays is [Friedlander]
a) 0
b) 1
c) -1
d) -2
18 A positron and an electron has similar [Friedlander]
a) mass
b) charge
c) both a and b
d) none of the above
19 When an isotope emits a gamma photon, the atomic number changes by [Friedlander]
a) 0
b) -1
c) 1
d) 2
The rate at which a charged particle deposits energy along its travel
20 [Hall]
path as a result of collisions is termed
a) ionization rate
b) energy transfer factor
c) biological equivalence factor
d) linear energy transfer
21 Flow of a charge in a conductor results in [Jaundrell]
a) electric current
b) capacitance
c) x-rays
d) voltage
If an electric current is flowing in a conductor it induces ______ in the
22 [Jaundrell]
surrounding space.
a) ions
b) EM radiation
c) a magnetic field
d) voltage
23 The practical unit of current in the SI (metric) system is [Jaundrell]
a) volt
b) ampere
c) esu
d) watt
The movement of a charge of 1 Coulomb past a point in 1 second is
24 [Jaundrell]
equal to
a) 1 watt
b) 1 ampere
c) 1 Farad
d) 1 volt
Cables connecting the x-ray tube to the transformer affect the machine
25 [Jaundrell]
by acting as
a) heat sinks
b) filters
c) capacitors
d) counter weights
A combination of atoms having a specific structure or form is called [Training
26
a(an) Manual 2]
a) element
b) molecule
c) crystal
d) chain
[Training
27 Visible light has a frequency that is
Manual 2]
a) higher than x-rays
b) lower than radio waves
c) higher than infra-red radiation
d) none of the above
In electromagnetic radiation, the distance between a point on one wave [Training
28
to the corresponding point on the subsequent wave is called the Manual 2]
a) wavelength
b) period
c) wave velocity
d) frequency
[Training
29 The velocity of a gamma photon
Manual 2]
a) varies directly with wavelength
b) varies inversely with frequency
c) varies inversely with the square of frequency
d) is a constant
[Training
30 The angstrom unit (�) is a unit of
Manual 2]
a) mass
b) length
c) energy
 d) force

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References (NDT TestMaker software)

1. [Training Manual 2] Minister of Supply and Services Canada Training Manual 2, Radiation hazard
Control in Industrial Radiography, Health and Welfare Canada, 1982.
2. [Training Manual 3] Minister of Supply and Services Canada Radiation Hazard Control in Industrial
Radiography RPB - TM - 3, Health and Welfare Canada, 1973
3. [Asimov] Asimov, Issac, Understanding Physics: The Electron, Proton and Neutron, New American
Library, Inc. , 1966
4. [Burnham] Burnham, J.U. Radiation Protection Point Lepreau Generating Station, N.B. Power,1986
5. Chesney, D.N., & Chesney, M.O., Radiation Photography, William Clowes & Sons, 1965 Chesney
6. [Jaundrell] Jaundrell-Thompson,F. & Ashworth, W.K., X-ray Physics and Equipment, Blackwell
Scientific Publications, 1965
7. [Agfa] Agfa-Gevaert N.V., Industrial Radiography, Agfa-Gevaert N. V., 1986
8. [Burns] Burns, D. M. & MacDonald, S.G.G., Physics for Biology and Pre-Medical Students,
Addison-Wesley Publsihing Company, 1970
9. [Hall] Hall, E. J., Radiobiology for the Radiobiologist, Second Edition, Harper and Row, Publishers,
1978
10. [Friedlander] Friedlander.G., Kennedy.J.W., Miller,J.M., Nuclear and Radiochemistry, John Wiley &
Sons, Inc., 1964
11. [ASNT]American Society for Nondestructive Testing Nondestructive Testing Handbook, Vol. 2,
Second Edition, American Society for Nondestructive Testing, 1982
12. Halmshaw, R., Mathematics and Formulae in NDT British Institute of Nondestructive Testing, 1983
Math in NDT
13. [IIW Handbook] International Institute of Welding, Handbook on Radiographic Apparatus and
Techniques, International Institute of Welding, 1961
14. [Freifelder] Freifelder, D., Molecular Biology, Second Edition, Jones and Bartlett Publishers, Inc.
1987

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