Ee eae tee eee rel ttt Stats Medic AP Stats Exam Review — Unit 1: One Variable Data a { | | Videos and Practice Problems [1.1 Types of Displays (Unit 1 Stats Medic Practice Multiple Choice (10) [1.2 Describing a Distribution \Unit 1 Stats Medic Practice Free Response [Unit 1 AP Free Response (2015 #1) Unit 2: Two Variable Data i2.1 Describing a Relationship lUnit 2 Stats Medic Practice Multiple Choice (10) [2.2 Predictions and Residuals [Unit 2 Stats Medic Practice Free Response \Unit 2 AP Free Response (2017 #1) Unit 3: Sampling and Experiments .1 Sampling Methods and Issues (Unit 3 Stats Medic Practice Multiple Choice (10) 3.2 Experimental Design [Unit 3 Stats Medic Practice Free Response Unit 3 AP Free Response (2016 #3) Unit 4: Probability [4.1 General Probability |Unit 4 Stats Medic Practice Multiple Choice (20) | |4.2 Binomial Distributions [Unit 4 Stats Medic Practice Free Response | 14.3 Transforming and Combining Random Veriables| [Unit 4 AP Free Response (2017 #3) [4.4 Normal Distribution Calculations [4.5 Geometric Distributions Unit 5: Sampling Distributions 15.1 Introduction to Sampling Distributions |Unit 5 Stats Medic Practice Multiple Choice (10) | 5.2 Sampling Distrioutions for One Population [6.3 Sampling Distributions for Two Populations |Unit 5 Stats Medic Practice Free Response _| lUnit 5 AP Free Response (2010 #2) | Unit 6: Confidence Intervals {6.1 One Sample Confidence Intervals [6.2 Two Sample Confidence Intervals [Unit 6 Stats Medic Practice Multiple Choice (20) | [Unit 6 Stats Medic Practice Free Response} [Unit 6 AP Free Response (2017 #2) | Unit 7: Significance Tests [7.1 One Sample Significance Tests lUnit 7 Stats Medic Practice Multiple Choice (20) [7.2 Two Sample Significance Tests lUnit 7 Stats Medic Practice Free Response [7.3 Difference of Means OR Mean of Differences? \Unit 7 AP Free Response (2015 #4) [7.4 Chi-square Tests [Unit 7 AP Free Response (2017 #5) [7.5 inference for Linear Regression 17.6 Type 1 and Type 2 Errors + Power af STATS MEDICea Getting Ready for the AP Exam! [Name That Significance Test ‘Stats Medic Full Length Practice Exam \Using Your Calculator on the AP Stats Exam (Multiple Choice (40) Know Your AP Stats Formula Sheet [Free Response (6) How to CRUSH the AP Stats Free Response How to Survive the Investigative Task [Top 10 AP Stats Exam Tips wf STATS MEDICVideo 1.1 Types of Displays Histogram: Find the median. Dotplot: Which distribution has the smallest standard deviation? 7 igs g erg acted @tGurg arg = 2 ¢ #8 ° +——_#__# ___ Boxplot: Give 5-number summary and IQR Stemplot: Compare shapes A B ia 22/1]0018 96541/2/467 a50)3|29 7)4/)2 slo v_ + 2 3 & & @ ale STATS MEDICVideo 1.2 Describing a Distribution SOCS + context Shape Center Example: # hours of sleep 3 a 6 6 7 7 ri ri Describe the distribution. AP Exam Tips: Spread Outliers w= STATS MEDICVideo 2.1 Describing a Relationship DUFS + context Direction Unusual Features Form Example: Heat bills Equation Ig = 273.58 — 3.6x » »% 0 % 7” Average temperate (Pabreabeit) Describe the distribution Interpret slope Interpret = 0.989 AP Exam Tips: eee Strength a STATS MEDICVideo 2.2 Predictions and Residuals Example: Heat bills Equation Ig = 273.58 - 3.62 ao 0 ow Average temperature (Pahrenbelt) Find the predicted bill for a month with an average temperature of 42° F. The actual bill for a month with average temperature of 42° F was $120. Calculate and interpret the residual. Isa linear model appropriate for the data set? What if the data appears nonlinear? Use a nonlinear model to calculate a predicted bill for a month th if 42° F, fs Perea eT ana log(heat bill) = 4.52- 1.57 log(average temp) AP Exam Tips: af STATS MEDICSampling issues: Undercoverage Nonresponse Response Bias Stratified vs. Cluster Picture: AP Exam Tips: Convenience Sample Voluntary Response Sample Simple Random Sample How to do an SRS Stratified Cluster ai STATS MEDICVideo 3.2 Experimental Design Average AP Exam Scores: Stats Medic 4.3 Review book 3.8 Picture: Confounding variable Draw outline of the experiment: What is the difference between an experiment and an observational study? What is the advantage of an experiment over and observational study? Block design AP Exam Tips: wf STATS MEDIC’Video 4.1 General Probability “OR ora Define mutually exclusive Define independent No: No: Yes: Yes Example: Stella's Lounge only sells burgers and sandwiches. Each comes with chips or, for $1 more, it can be served with fries, The probablity that a randomly selected customer orders a burger is 60%. If they order a burger, 70% of the time they will get fries. If the customer orders a sandwich, they get fries 45% of the time. What is the probability that a randomly selected customer orders: (@) A sandwich and fries (b) Fries (c) A sandwich, given they order fries AP Exam Tips: a STATS MEDICVideo 4.2 Binomial Distributions A certain NBA basketball player is an 85% free throw shooter, meaning he has an 85% probability of making any given free throw. In one month he will shoot 100 free throws. Assume each shot is independent of the others. Let X = the number of free throws he makes out of 100 attempts. (a) Describe the distribution of X. (b) What is the probability that the basketball player makes exactly 80 free throws out of 100? (©) Find the probability that the player makes at least 80 free throws out of 100. AP Exam Tips: wf STATS MEDIC[ Video 4.3 Transforming and Combining Random Variables In dom Variables Number hours of sleep: © 3 5 6 é 7 7 7 7 8 8 X > number of hours of sleep Y > number of minutes of sleep Z > number of minutes of sleep ote (with 20 minute nap) RULES: Mean sD Variance Multiply/divide by A Add/subtract B X> Number of hours of sleep for hour. yw, =6.4 Y > Number of hours of sleep for 2" hour. S=X+¥ D=X-Y 4 My = AP Exam Tips: a STATS MEDICVideo 4.4 Normal Distribution Calculations Example: The number of daily views at StatsMedic.com follows an approximately normal distribution with a mean of 15,000 and a standard deviation of 4,000. (2) Find the probability that a randomly selected day has more than 20,000 views. (b) How many views would be in the bottom 5% of all days. AP Exam Tips: a STATS MEDICVideo 4.5 Geometric Distributions Example: In 2016, the Bottle Flip Challenge (flipping a water bottle into the air and landing it right side up} took the internet by storm. Michael is really good at the bottle flipping. On any given bottle flip, he has 2 35% probability of landing the bottle right side up. Assume that each bottle flip is independent. Let X = the number of flips it takes until Michael lands a bottle flip. Conditions: B: (a) Describe the distribution of X. (b) Find the probability that it takes Michael 4 flips until he lands the bottle right side up. (6) Find the probability that Michael lands the bottle right side up within the first 4 flips, af STATS MEDICVideo 5.1 Introduction to Sampling Distributions Picture Astal estimates a parameter Example: Find the average word length for Beyonce's Crazy in Love What makes a good statistic? AP Exam Tips: af STATS MEDICVideo 5.2 Sampling Distributions for One Population Sample proportion Sample mean Parameter Statistic Shape Center Variability z-score formula Example 1: At a large local high school, 52% of the previous year’s graduating class enrolled in a four-year university the following fall. The school counselors contact an SRS of 50 of the previous year’s graduates. Find the probability that the SRS contains at least 23 students who are enrolled ina four-year university. Picture: Show work: Example 2: The ACT scores a recent school year were approximately Normally distributed with a mean of 21 and a standard deviation of 5.4. If a random sample of 5 test scores is chosen, what is the probability that the sample mean is 25 or greater? Picture: Show work: af STATS MEDICVideo 5.3 Sampling Distributions for Two Populations Example 1: Two veteran sales people at a local company keep track of the proportion of sales they make out of the number of sales meetings they have. Person A made sales at 42% of their meetings. Person B made sales at 30% of their meetings. Their manager independently selects a random sample of 50 meetings for person A and 60 meetings for person 8. Describe the sampling distribution of By — Example 2: The weights of cupcakes at a'local bakery have a mean of 115 grams and a standard deviation of 8 grams. The weights of donuts at the same bakery have @ mean of 28 grams and a standard deviation of 12 grams. Two independent random samples of size 40 are chosen from the cupcakes and donuts. Describe the sampling distribution of % — %. Two proportions Two means Parameter Statistic Shape Center Variability ae STATS MEDICVideo 6.1 One Sample Confidence Intervals Example 1: At a focal restaurant, a small order of French fries should weigh 6 oz. The restaurant ‘owner is concerned that her employees are filling orders of French fries improperly. She would like to estimate the true mean weight of a small order of French fries, so she randomly selects 12 orders throughout the week and weighs them. The weights are given in the table (in ounces): 6.45 6.31 5.99 6.04 5.84 7.02 69 6.29 6.08 5.95, 6.88 6.65 Construct and interpret a 95% confidence interval to estimate the true mean weight of a small order of French fries at this restaurant. STATE: bo: PLAN: CONCLUDE: AP Exam Tips: a STATS MEDIC| a | { Example 2: The city council is considering changing an old law that prohibits people from mowing their lawns after 9 pm. In order to determine if the people of the city would support this change, they randomly surveyed 50 people in the city. They find that 23 of the 50 people surveyed would support changing the law. Construct and interpret a 90% confidence interval for the true proportion of people in the city who would support changing the law. state: ppo: { | | | PLAN: (CONCLUDE: AP Exam Tips: a STATS MEDICVideo 6.2 Two Sample Confidence Intervals Example 1: A pharmaceutical company is testing a new medication for cholesterol. 100 volunteers with high cholesterol are randomly assigned to either take the new medication or the current medication the company sells. After 6 months of use, their cholesterol level will be tested to see if there is a difference in the proportion of people with reduced cholesterol. Thirty-nine of the 50 subjects taking the new medication had a reduction in cholesterol. Thirty-four of the 50 subjects taking the current medication had a reduction in cholesterol. (@) Construct and interpret a 95% confidence interval for the true difference in proportions of people like those in the study who would have reduced cholesterol after 6 months on their respective medication, ISTATE: lo: PLAN: CONCLUDE: (b) Does the company have convincing evidence that there is a difference in the proportion of people with reduced cholesterol? a STATS MEDICExample 2: There is a rivalry between the AP calculus students and the AP statistics students at a large high school. They often argue about which group has the higher average SAT score. To settle the matter, they take random samples of 10 students from each course. The sample mean from the AP calculus group has a mean of 1320 with a standard deviation of 56, while the AP statistics group has a mean of 1352 with a standard deviation of 108. Both population distributions of scores can be assumed to be approximately Normal. Construct and interpret a 99% confidence interval for the true difference in mean SAT scores between the AP calc students and the AP stats students. [staTe: bo: | IPLAN: (eae 1 | | AP Exam Tips: af STATS MEDICVideo 7.1 One Sample Significance Tests Example 1: Chicago style popcorn is a type of popcom made by mixing together cheddar and caramel popcorn. True Chicago style popcom is composed of at least 40% caramel popcorn. A new popcorn shop advertises that they will be selling Chicago style popcom. To test this claim, a popcorn lover takes @ random sample of 500 kernels of the popcom and finds that 183 kernels are caramel. Do the data provide convincing evidence that the shop is not selling true Chicago style popcorn? |STATE: IDO: PLAN: |CONCLUDE: | AP Exam Tips: ais STATS MEDICExample 2: Last year, an AP stats class spent an average of 25 minutes a night on their homework. Their teacher randomly sampled 30 of her students this year to see if this average had gone up. The sample had a mean of 32 minutes spent on homework each night and a standard deviation of 11 minutes. Do the data provide convincing evidence that AP stats students spend more time on homework per night this year than last year? Z 2 STATE: PLAN: ONCLUDE: | { | | af STATS MEDICVideo 7.2 Two Sample Significance Tests Example 1: Two rival universities are both clait ing that their graduates are more likely to gain employment within 3 months of graduation than those who graduate from the other school. A random sample of 500 recent graduates from College A revealed that 450 had employment within 3 months. A separate random sample of 400 recent graduates from College B showed that 342 had jobs. Do the data provide convincing evidence that there is a difference in the proportion of graduates who had employment within 3 months from College A and College B. (STATE: bo: PLAN: CONCLUDE: af STATS MEDICeed | tr | Example 2: Last year, East Kentwood High School had 650 students take a geometry final exam. The school gave two forms of the exam, which were randomly assigned to the students. Half of the students took form A and the rest took form B. After the exam, some students claimed that form 8 was more difficult than form A. To test this claim, the principal took random samples of 30 exam scores from each form and recorded the score. The results are shown: Form A n=30 xi W $= 12.9 Form 8 n=30 734 8. xt ul 8515.4 Do the data provide convincing evidence that the mean score on form A was higher than the mean score on form B using a = 0.017 STATE: bo: PLAN: CONCLUDE: AP Exam Tips: we STATS MEDICVideo 7.3 Difference of Means OR Mean of Differences? Example: Two versions of the final exam. Version A 90 82 76 88 Version B 83 77 79 80 Differences. if 5 3 8 8.66 ces AP Exam Tips 9 18 af STATS MEDICVideo 7.4 Chi-Square Tests GOODNESS OF FIT TEST AP Exem Question TEST OF HOMOGENEITY TEST OF INDEPENDENCE Hypotheses Expected Degrees of freedom Chisquare formula | Prvalue What is the same? A? Exam Tips: Draw flowchart here: af STATS MEDICVideo 7.5 Inference for Linear Regression Example: A random sample of 11 high schools was selected from Michigan. The percent of students who are free/reduced lunch and the mean SAT Math score of each high schoo! in the sample were recorded. Here are the data: Percent free/reduced [Mean SAT Math | 4, lEast Kentwood High Schoo! 58 4904 0 [Rockford High School 8 535.5 s [Caledonia High School 8 [sia] se [Cedar Springs High School 2 4059 |g = [Muskegon High School 85 4273 |g = [Comstock Park High School 42 aaa | [Sparta High School 35 463.1 _*(|2 Lowell High School 27 542.7 “ ISpring Lake High Schoo! 18 554.1 = [Ottawa Hills High 78 4023 oo Northville High School 5 597.6 DS recotteiateesten” Regression Analysis: Mean SAT Math score (dollars) versus Percent free/redaced lunch Predictor Coef SE Coef, uy P Constant 5779 12.5 46.16 0.000 Percent free/reduced -1.993 0.276 7.22 0.000 lunch $= 23,3168 RSq= 85.29% R-Sq(ad) = 83.66% Line of best fit: Linear regression t-interval for slope Linear regression t-test for slope AP Exam Tips ae STATS MEDICeee eee S| Name That Significance Test How do | know which question is asking to do a significance test? . (1) . (2) . (3) senteea] = =. ES ees am ; Nee lZ t J eres Sy ume — eN Howrey | [pthonesenehy vena eM Weor] [independence we STATS MEDICUsing Your Calculator on the AP Stats Exam One Variable Data Function When to use it Input Command 1-Var Stats To find mean, standard Enter data in Li and frequency in Lz if (STAT, CALC) deviation, and 5 number summary for a set of data. needed 1-Var Stats L; or 1-Var Stats LiLe Two Variable Data Function When to use it Input Command LinReg (a + bx) [To find the equation fora _| Enter explanatory variable in Li (STAT, CALC) | line of regression. Also Enter response variable in Le gives correlation (r). LinReg (a + bx) Lite 2-Var Stats Same information as 1-Var | Enter data in Li and Le (STAT, CALC) Stats but for two sets of 2-Nar Stats LiLo data df and cdf Function When to use it Input Command binompdf To find the probability of _ | binompdfin, p, X) (2%, VARS, DISTR) | getting exactly X n: number of trials successes. p: probability of success X: number of successes binomedf (2°, VARS, DISTR) To find the probability of getting at most X successes. binomedfin, p, X) n: number of trials p: probability of success X: number of successes (2°, VARS, DISTR) normalcdf To find area in an interval | normalcdf{lower, upper, mean, SD) (2, VARS, DISTR) | for a normal distribution. tedf To find area in an interval _ | tedf(lower, upper, df) (2, VARS, DISTR) | for a t distribution. xecdt To find area in an interval | xcdf(lower, upper, df) for a x? distribution. wf STATS MEDICre Confidence Intervals Function When to use it Input Command 1-PropZint (STAT, TESTS, A:) To calculate a confidence interval to estimate a proportion. 41-PropZint x: number of successes ~ ni: sample size C-Level: confidence level (decimal) Tinterval (STAT, TESTS, 8: ) To calculate a confidence interval to estimate a mean. Tinterval Inpt: Stats ¥: sample mean Sz sample standard deviation n: sample size C-Level: confidence level (decimal) | ‘2-PropZint (STAT, TESTS, B: ) To calculate a confidence interval to estimate a difference of proportions. 2-Propzint | x1: number of successes in sample 1 nt: sample size in sample 1 x2: number of successes in sample 2 n2: sample size in sample 2 C-Level: confidence level (decimal) 2-SampTint (STAT, TESTS, 0: ) To calculate a confidence interval to estimate a iffer of means, 2-SampTint Inpt: Stats | £1: sample mean of sample 1 | Sx1: standard deviation of sample 1 | n1: sample size of sample 1 | £2: sample mean of sample 2 | Sx2: standard deviation of sample 2 n2: sample size of sample 2 C-Level: confidence level (decimal) Pooled: No LinRegTint (STAT, TESTS, G:) *only newer calculators have this command* To calculate a confidence interval to estimate a slope. LinRegTint Enter explanatory variable in L; Enter response variable in Lz Xlist: Li Ylist: Le Freq: 1 C-Level: confidence level (decimal) ws STATS MEDICSignificance Tests Function [When to use it Input Command 1-PropZTest To test a claim made about | 1-PropZTest (STAT, TESTS, 5:) | a single proporti po: null value x: number of successes nt sample size Prop: #p0 ps (alternative) ‘T-Test (STAT, TESTS, 2:) To test a claim made about a single mean (standard deviation of the population is unknown). T-Test Inpt: Stats Ho: null value #: sample mean S. sample standard deviation n: sample size HF My My (alternative) 2-PropZTest (STAT, TESTS, 6: ) To test a claim made about a diffe of proportions. 2-PropZTest x1: number of successes sample 1 nt: sample size in sample 1 x2: number of successes sample 2 n2: sample size in sample 2 pl:#p2_p2 (alternative) 2-SampTTest (STAT, TESTS, 4: } To test a claim made about a difference of means (standard deviation of the populations unknown). 2-SampTTest Inpt: Stats #1: sample mean of sample 1 Sx1; standard deviation sample 1 nt: sample size of sample 1 2: sample mean of sample 2 Sx2: standard deviation sample 2 n2: sample size of sample 2 yi: #y2 2 (alternative) Pooled: No | a STATS MEDICSignificance Tests - continued Function When to use it Input Command xo-Test (STAT, TESTS, C:) To test a claim made about the distribution of a categorical variable. * Chi square test of association © Chi square test of homogeneity x?-Test Enter observed values in matrix A Observed: [A] Expected: [B] Expected values appear in matrix B x°GOF-Test (STAT, TESTS, D:) To test a claim made about the distribution of a categorical variable. °GOF-Test Enter observed values in Li Enter expected values in Le (STAT, TESTS, E:) *only newer * Chi square goodness- | Observed: Li calculators have of-fit test Expected: Lz this command* df: degrees of freedom LinRegTTest To test a claim made about | LinRegTTest the slope of a population regression line. Enter explanatory variable in Li Enter response variable in Le Xlist: Li Ylist: Le Freq: 1 B:#0 <0 >0 (alternative) a STATS MEDICKnow Your AP Stats Formula Sheet Page 1 What categories of formulas appear on this page? Important notes: Page 2 What categories of formulas appear on this page? Important notes: af STATS MEDICHow to CRUSH the AP Stats Free Response Strategy #1: Know What to Expect + Ivariable stats * 2-variable stats + Sampling methods or experimental design «Probability * Significance test © Investigative Task Strategy #2: Survive the Investigative Task * 25% of free response grade + New stuffl «4105 parts * Parts are scaffolded Strategy #3: Have a Plan * 90 minutes for 6 questions * Take a practice test * Two approaches: 0 19293949596 0 1 significance test > 6 > probability > others Strategy #4: Get All Your Points! © Don't leave any blank * Make up an answer + Always use context alls STATS MEDICf | | {| f ee | i eS GE | es How to Survive the Investigative Task Know the Facts . Use These Strategies 2019 AP Statistics Exam FRO #6 Write the highlighted text from each part @ ©) (e) Exam Tips: a STATS MEDICTop 10 AP Stats Exam Tips 1: Clearly;communicate your understanding 2: Always include context in your answers 3: Be precise in your language and vocabulary 4: Use appropriate notation 5: Do not rely on your calculator 6: Manage your time 7: Do not leave anything blank 8: Know the formula sheet 9: Know your inference 10: Be confident! ale STATS MEDIC