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Geosphere

The geosphere includes all rocks, sand, mountains, minerals and molten materials that make up the Earth. It undergoes constant processes that modify the other spheres. The hydrosphere is all the water on a planet, including liquid, vapor and ice in surface water, underground and in the air. The biosphere is the sum of all ecosystems and is unique to Earth, as life has not been found elsewhere. The atmosphere layers include the troposphere closest to Earth's surface, then the stratosphere containing the ozone layer, mesosphere where meteors burn up, and thermosphere and exosphere at higher altitudes.

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John Christian Espiritu
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22 views

Geosphere

The geosphere includes all rocks, sand, mountains, minerals and molten materials that make up the Earth. It undergoes constant processes that modify the other spheres. The hydrosphere is all the water on a planet, including liquid, vapor and ice in surface water, underground and in the air. The biosphere is the sum of all ecosystems and is unique to Earth, as life has not been found elsewhere. The atmosphere layers include the troposphere closest to Earth's surface, then the stratosphere containing the ozone layer, mesosphere where meteors burn up, and thermosphere and exosphere at higher altitudes.

Uploaded by

John Christian Espiritu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Geosphere

The geosphere undergoes infinite processes constantly and that, in turn, modifies other spheres.
Examples of geosphere are all the rocks and sand particles from dry land to those found at the bottom
of the oceans. They also include the mountains, minerals, lava and molten magma from beneath the
earth's crust.

Hydrosphere

A hydrosphere is the total amount of water on a planet. The hydrosphere includes water that is on the
surface of the planet, underground, and in the air. A planet's hydrosphere can be liquid, vapor, or ice.
On Earth, liquid water exists on the surface in the form of oceans, lakes and rivers.
Biosphere

The biosphere is one of the four layers that surround the Earth along with the lithosphere (rock),
hydrosphere (water) and atmosphere (air) and it is the sum of all the ecosystems. The biosphere is
unique. So far there has been no existence of life elsewhere in the universe.

Atmosphere
Troposphere

The troposphere starts at the Earth's surface and extends 8 to 14.5 kilometers high (5 to 9 miles). This
part of the atmosphere is the densest. Almost all weather is in this region.

Stratosphere

The stratosphere starts just above the troposphere and extends to 50 kilometers (31 miles) high. The
ozone layer, which absorbs and scatters the solar ultraviolet radiation, is in this layer.

Mesosphere

The mesosphere starts just above the stratosphere and extends to 85 kilometers (53 miles) high.
Meteors burn up in this layer

Thermosphere

The thermosphere starts just above the mesosphere and extends to 600 kilometers (372 miles) high.
Aurora and satellites occur in this layer.

Ionosphere

The ionosphere is an abundant layer of electrons and ionized atoms and molecules that stretches from
about 48 kilometers (30 miles) above the surface to the edge of space at about 965 km (600 mi),
overlapping into the mesosphere and thermosphere. This dynamic region grows and shrinks based on
solar conditions and divides further into the sub-regions: D, E and F; based on what wavelength of solar
radiation is absorbed. The ionosphere is a critical link in the chain of Sun-Earth interactions. This region
is what makes radio communications possible.

Exosphere

This is the upper limit of our atmosphere. It extends from the top of the thermosphere up to 10,000 km
(6,200 mi).

Credit: NASA/Goddard

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