Simplify the following expressions.

(a) y + 5y + y
(b) (2x + x)  (–2y)

##
(a) y  5 y  y  y  ( y  y  y  y  y)  y
 7y

( 2 x  x )  ( 2 y )  [( x  x )  x ]  ( 2 y )
(b)  3 x  ( 2 y )
 3  ( 2)  x  y
  6 xy

===========================================================

Cherry weighs 4x kg. Janis is k kg heavier than half of Cherry’s.

(a) Find the weight of Janis.
(b) Find the total weight of Cherry and Janis.

##
 4x 
  k  kg
(a) The weight of Janis  2 
 ( 2 x  k ) kg

 [ 4 x  (2 x  k )] kg
(b) The total weight  ( 4 x  2 x  k ) kg
 [( x  x  x  x)  ( x  x)  k ] kg
 (6 x  k ) kg

===========================================================

x2  y2
Given the algebraic expression , find its value in each of the following cases.
xy
(a) x = 2, y = 1
(b) x = –2, y = 3
(c) x = –5, y = –4
2 1
(d) x ,y
3 3

##
(a) When x = 2 and y = 1,

1
 ( 2) 2  (1) 2

( 2)(1)
4 1
the value of the algebraic expression 
2
3

2

(b) When x = –2 and y = 3,

( 2) 2  (3) 2

(2)(3)
49
the value of the algebraic expression 
6
5

6

(c) When x = –5 and y = –4,

( 5) 2  ( 4) 2

( 5)(4)
25  16
the value of the algebraic expression 
20
9

20

2 1
(d) When x  and y   ,
3 3
2 2
 2  1
    
3 3
  
 2  1 
   
 3  3 
the value of the algebraic expression 4  1
 9 9
2

9
3

2

===========================================================

Given the algebraic expression (3a – 2b)(2b – c), find its value in each of the following cases.
(a) a = –2, b = –4, c = 6
1 1 1
(b) a  ,b  ,c  
2 3 2

##

2
(a) When a = –2, b = –4 and c = 6,
 [3( 2)  2( 4)][2( 4)  6]
 ( 6  8)  ( 8  6)
the value of the algebraic expression  2  ( 14)
  28

1 1 1
(b) When a  , b  and c   ,
2 3 2
 1  1    1   1 
 3   2  2     
2
    3    3   2 
3 2 2 1
     
 2 3 3 2
9  4  4  3
  
the value of the algebraic expression  6   6 
5 7

36
35

36

===========================================================

x yz
Given that S  , find the value of S in each of the following cases.
xyz
(a) x = –3, y = 4, z = –5
(b) x = 5, y = –7, z = 9

##
(a) When x = –3, y = 4 and z = –5,
( 3)  4  ( 5)
S
( 3)(4)(5)
345

 (3  4  5)
4

3 4  5
1

15

(b) When x = 5, y = –7 and z = 9,

3
 5  ( 7 )  9
S 
(5)(7)(9)
579

 (5  7  9)
7

 (5  7  9)
1

45

===========================================================

p2  q2  r 2
Given that M  , find the value of M in each of the following cases.
2 pq
(a) p = 3, q = –2, r = 1
1 1 1
(b) p ,q ,r
2 3 4

##
(a) When p = 3, q = –2 and r = 1,
32  ( 2) 2  12
M 
2(3)(2)
9  4 1

 12
 1

1 1 1
(b) When p  , q  and r  ,
2 3 4
2 2 2
1 1 1
     
2 3 4
M      
 1  1 
2  
 2  3 
1 1 1
 
 4 9 16
1
3
 36  16  9 
 3
 144 
43

48
===========================================================

4a 2  3c 2
Given that W  ( 2c) 2  , find the value of W in each of the following cases.
3abc
(a) a = 1, b = 1, c = 1

4
(b) a = –2, b = 3, c = 2
(c) a = –3, b = –4, c = –2

##
(a) When a = 1, b = 1 and c = 1,
4(1) 2  3(1) 2
W  [ 2(1)]2 
3(1)(1)(1)
43
 4 
3
1
 4 
3
11

3

(b) When a = –2, b = 3 and c = 2,

4( 2) 2  3( 2) 2
W  [2(2)]2 
3( 2)(3)( 2)
1
 16 
9
1
  16
9

(c) When a = –3, b = –4 and c = –2,

4( 3) 2  3( 2) 2
W  [ 2( 2)]2 
3( 3)( 4)( 2)
1
 16 
3
1
  16
3

===========================================================

(a) Represent the word phrase ‘Divide the product of a and b by the sum of c and d’ by the
algebraic expression.
1 1
(b) If a = 2, b = 3, c  and d  , find the value of the algebraic expression in (a).
2 3

##
ab
(a) The required expression is .
cd

1 1
(b) When a = 2, b = 3, c  and d  ,
2 3

5
 (2)(3)

1 1

2 3
6
the value of the algebraic expression  3  2
6
36

5

===========================================================

As shown in the figure, a rectangle is cut out from a square. It is given that the perimeter of the
figure shown is P cm.
(a) Write down the formula for calculating the value of P.
(b) If x = 5, find the perimeter of the figure shown.

##
(a) P  4x  3  2
 4x  6

(b) When x = 5,
P  4(5)  6
 26
 The perimeter of the figure shown is 26 cm.

===========================================================

The prices of a dozen pears and a dozen mangoes are $48 and $72 respectively. Cindy buys r
pears and s mangoes for $C.
(a) Write down the formula for calculating the amount she should pay ($C).
(b) If r = 8 and s = 5, find the value of C.

##
48 72
(a) C r  s
12 12
 4r  6 s

(b) When r = 8 and s = 5,

C  4(8)  6(5)
 32  30
 62

6
===========================================================

By guessing and checking, solve 5x + 2 = 17.

##
Try x = 3.
Substitute x = 3 into both sides of the equation.
L.H.S. = 5(3) + 2 = 17
R.H.S. = 17
 L.H.S. = R.H.S.
 x 3

===========================================================

x
By guessing and checking, solve 7   10 .
2

##
Try x = –6.
Substitute x = –6 into both sides of the equation.
(  6)
L.H.S. = 7   7  3  10
2
R.H.S. = 10
 L.H.S. = R.H.S.
 x 6

===========================================================

By guessing and checking, solve 3x – 2 = 6 – x.

##
Try x = 2.
Substitute x = 2 into both sides of the equation.
L.H.S. = 3(2) – 2 = 4
R.H.S. = 6 – 2 = 4
 L.H.S. = R.H.S.
 x 2

===========================================================

x
By guessing and checking, solve 2 x   12 .
2

##
Try x = 8.
Substitute x = 8 into both sides of the equation.
L.H.S. = 2(8) = 16

7
 8
R.H.S. =  12  16
2
 L.H.S. = R.H.S.
 x8

===========================================================

Subtract twice of a number from 8 and the difference is 2. Set up an equation to find the number.

##
Let x be the number.
8  2x  2
x3
∴ The number is 3.
Checking: Substitute x = 3 into both sides of the equation.
L.H.S. = 8 – 2(3) = 2
R.H.S. = 2
 L.H.S. = R.H.S.
 x = 3 is the solution of the equation.

===========================================================

Divide a number by 4 and then add 3 to the quotient. If the result is 8, set up an equation to find
the number.

##
Let x be the number.
x
38
4
x  20
∴ The number is 20.
Checking: Substitute x = 20 into both sides of the equation.
20
L.H.S. = 38
4
R.H.S. = 8
 L.H.S. = R.H.S.
 x = 20 is the solution of the equation.

===========================================================

Amy’s monthly salary is half of Jenny’s. If Amy’s monthly salary is $8500, set up an equation to
find Jenny’s monthly salary.

##
Let $x be Jenny’s monthly salary.
x
 8500
2
x  17 000

8
∴ Jenny’s monthly salary is $17 000.
Checking: Substitute x = 17 000 into both sides of the equation.
17 000
L.H.S. =  8500
2
R.H.S. = 8500
 L.H.S. = R.H.S.
 x = 17 000 is the solution of the equation.

===========================================================

Sam is 5 cm taller than 3 times of Macro’s. If Sam’s height is 2 m, set up an equation to find
Macro’s height.

##
Let x cm be Macro’s height.
3 x  5  2  100
3 x  5  200
x  65
∴ Macro’s height is 65 cm.
Checking: Substitute x = 65 into both sides of 3x + 5 = 200.
L.H.S. = 3(65) + 5 = 200
R.H.S. = 200
 L.H.S. = R.H.S.
 x = 65 is the solution of 3x + 5 = 200.

===========================================================

There are two types of coins, $5 and $1, in a purse. If there are altogether $24 and the total
number of coins is 12, set up an equation to find the number of $5-coins.

##
Let x be the number of $5-coins.
5 x  (12  x)  24
x3
∴ The number of $5-coins is 3.
Checking: Substitute x = 3 into both sides of the equation.
L.H.S. = 5(3) + (12 – 3) = 15 + 9 = 24
R.H.S. = 24
 L.H.S. = R.H.S.
 x = 3 is the solution of the equation.

===========================================================

The figure shows a trapezium with area 60 cm 2.

(a) Set up an equation in x.
(b) Find the lengths of the two bases of the trapezium.

9
##
[2 x  ( x  6)]  8
(a)  60
2

(b) From (a), 4(3x + 6) = 60

Try x = 3.
Substitute x = 3 into both sides of the equation.
L.H.S. = 4[3(3) + 6] = 60
R.H.S. = 60
 L.H.S. = R.H.S.
 x = 3 is the solution of the equation.
2 x  2(3)  6
x  6  3 6  9
 The lengths of the upper base and the lower base of the trapezium are 6 cm and 9
cm respectively.

===========================================================

For the sequence 6, 12, 18, 24, ,

(a) write down the 5th and the 6th terms,
(b) guess the general term,
(c) use the result in (b) to find the 10th and the 13th terms.

##
(a) The 5th term  30
The 6th term  36

(b) The general term of the sequence is 6n.

Checking: Substitute n = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,  into 6n, we have
6(1), 6(2), 6(3), 6(4), 6(5), 6(6), 
or 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 

(c) Substitute n = 10 into 6n, we have

the 10th term  6(10)  60
Substitute n = 13 into 6n, we have
the 13th term  6(13)  78

===========================================================

10
For the sequence –3, –7, –11, –15, ,
(a) write down the 5th and the 6th terms,
(b) guess the general term,
(c) use the result in (b) to find the 11th and the 14th terms.

##
(a) The 5th term   19
The 6th term   23

(b) The general term of the sequence is –4n + 1.

Checking: Substitute n = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,  into –4n + 1, we have
–4(1) + 1, –4(2) + 1, –4(3) + 1, –4(4) + 1, –4(5)
+ 1, –4(6) + 1, 
or –3, –7, –11, –15, –19, –23

(c) Substitute n = 11 into –4n + 1, we have

the 11th term  4(11)  1   43
Substitute n = 14 into –4n + 1, we have
the 14th term  4(14)  1   55

===========================================================

1 2 3 4
For the sequence  , , , , ,
5 5 5 5
(a) write down the 5th and the 6th terms,
(b) guess the general term,
(c) use the result in (b) to find the 12th and the 15th terms.

##
(a) The 5th term   1
6
The 6th term  5

( 1) n n
(b) The general term of the sequence is .
5
( 1) n n
Checking: Substitute n = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,  into , we have
5
( 1)1 (1) (1) 2 ( 2) ( 1) 3 (3)
, , ,
5 5 5
(1) 4 (4) ( 1) 5 (5) ( 1) 6 (6)
, , ,
5 5 5
1 2 3 4 6
or  , , , , –1, ,
5 5 5 5 5

( 1) n n
(c) Substitute n = 12 into , we have
5

11
 ( 1)12 (12) 12
the 12th term  
5 5
( 1) n n
Substitute n = 15 into , we have
5
(1)15 (15)
the 15th term   3
5

===========================================================

For the sequence 100, –97, 94, –91, ,

(a) write down the 5th and the 6th terms,
(b) guess the general term,
(c) use the result in (b) to find the 13th and the 16th terms.

##
(a) The 5th term  88
The 6th term   85

(b) The general term of the sequence is (–1)n + 1(103 – 3n).

Checking: Substitute n = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,  into (–1)n + 1(103 – 3n), we have
(–1)1 + 1[103 – 3(1)], (–1)2 + 1[103 – 3(2)], (–1)3 +
1
[103 – 3(3)],
(–1)4 + 1[103 – 3(4)], (–1)5 + 1[103 – 3(5)], (–1)6 +
1
[103 – 3(6)], 
or 100, –97, 94, –91, 88, –85, 

(c) Substitute n = 13 into (–1)n + 1(103 – 3n), we have

the 13th term = (–1)13 + 1[103 – 3(13)]  64
Substitute n = 16 into (–1)n + 1(103 – 3n), we have
the 16th term = (–1)16 + 1[103 – 3(16)]   55

===========================================================

3 9 27 81
For the sequence  , , , , ,
5 10 20 40
(a) write down the 5th and the 6th terms,
(b) guess the general term,
(c) use the result in (b) to find the 9th and the 10th terms.

##
243
(a) The 5th term   80
729
The 6th term  160

n
2 3
(b) The general term of the sequence is   .
5 2

12
 n
2 3
Checking: Substitute n = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,  into    , we have
5 2
1 2 3 4
2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3
  ,   ,   ,   ,
5  2 5 2 5 2 5  2
5
2 3
  , ,
6
2 3
 
5 2
5  2
3 9 27 81 243 729
or  , , , , , ,
5 10 20 40 80 160

n
2 3
(c) Substitute n = 9 into    , we have
5 2
9
2 3 39 19 683
the 9th term      
5 2 52 8
1280
n
2 3
Substitute n = 10 into    , we have
5 2
10
2 3 310 59 049
the 10th term     
5 2 52 9
2560

===========================================================

1 1 1 1
For the sequence , , , , ,
2 5 10 17
(a) write down the 5th and the 6th terms,
(b) guess the general term,
(c) use the result in (b) to find the 14th and the 17th terms.

##
1
(a) The 5th term  26
1
The 6th term  37

1
(b) The general term of the sequence is .
n 12

1
Checking: Substitute n = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,  into , we have
n 1
2

1 1 1 1
, , , ,
(1)  1
2
( 2)  1
2
(3) 2  1 ( 4) 2  1
1 1
, ,
(5)  1 (6) 2  1
2

1 1 1 1 1 1
or , , , , , ,
2 5 10 17 26 37

13
 1
(c) Substitute n = 14 into , we have
n 1
2

1 1
the 14th term  14 2  1  197

1
Substitute n = 17 into , we have
n 1
2

1 1
the 17th term  17 2  1  290

===========================================================

It is given that y is the output of the following number machine.

5x
Number machine 
4
(a) write down a function relating x and y.
(b) Hence, find the value of y when x = –16.

##
5x
(a) y
4

5(16)
(b) When x = –16, y    5  4  20
4

===========================================================

It is given that y is the output of the following number machine.

Number machine –x2
(a) write down a function relating x and y.
(b) Hence, find the value of y when x = –7.

##
(a) y = –x2

When x = –7, y  ( 7)   49

2
(b)

===========================================================

It is given that y is a function of x. The table below shows some values of x and the corresponding
values of y.
x 10 20 30 40 50
y 20 40 60 80 100
Write down a function relating x and y.

##
 From the table, we find that y is 2 times of x.
 The required function is y = 2x.

14
===========================================================

It is given that y is a function of x. The table below shows some values of x and the corresponding
values of y.
x –10 –5 0 5 10
y –35 –20 –5 10 25
Write down a function relating x and y.

##
 From the table, we find that y is 5 less than 3 times of x.
 The required function is y = 3x – 5.

===========================================================

It is given that y is a function of x. The table below shows some values of x and the corresponding
values of y.
x 10 12 14 16 18
y 6 7 8 9 10
Write down a function relating x and y.

##
 From the table, we find that y is 1 more than half of x.
x
 The required function is y   1 .
2

===========================================================

The profit ($) made by a fruit juice shop is related to the number of cups of fruit juice sold as
shown below.
No. of cups of fruit juice sold 100 200 300 400 500
Profit ($) 200 600 1000 1400 1800
Let x and $y be the number of cups of fruit juice sold and the profit made by the fruit juice shop
respectively.
(a) Write down a function relating x and y.
(b) Hence, find the profit if 650 cups of fruit juice are sold.

##
(a)  From the table, we find that y is 200 less than 4 times of x.
 The required function is y = 4x – 200.

(b) When x = 650, y = 4(650) – 200 = 2400

 The profit is $2400.

===========================================================

15
 The total expenses ($y) of a party depends on the number of persons (x) joining the party. The
table below shows the relationship between x and y.
Number of persons (x) 0 1 2 3 4
Expenses ($y) 350 380 410 440 470
(a) Write down a function relating x and y.
(b) If there are 72 persons joining the party, find the total expenses.

##
(a)  From the table, we find that y is 350 more than 30 times of x.
 The required function is y = 30x + 350.

(b) When x = 72, y = 30(72) + 350 = 2510

 The total expenses is $2510.

===========================================================

Simplify the following expressions.

(a) 8a  (–2a)  4a
(b) –3 + 8  a  4 + 1

##
8a
8a  ( 2a )  4a   4a
 2a
 4  4a
(a) 4

4a
1

a

 3  8 a  4 1  3  8  4  a  1
(b)  3  2a  1
 2a  1  3
 2a  2

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Simplify the following expressions.

(a) 9r  3 + 4r – 5
(b) –3  6a  b  a  9b

##
9r  3  4r  5  9  3  r  4r  5
(a)  3r  4r  5
 (r  r  r )  (r  r  r  r )  5
 7r  5

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  3  6a  b  a  9b  3  6  a  b  a  9b
 18ab  a  9b
(b)  18b  9b
 18b

9b
2

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Simplify the following expressions.

(a) 8x  4y  2xy2
(b) 5  a – 10  5b – 2a

##
8x
8 x  4 y  2 xy 2   2 xy 2
4y
(a) 8 
   2  x2  y
 4 
 4x 2 y

5  a  10  5b  2a
10
 5a  2a 
5b
(b) 2
 (a  a  a  a  a)  (a  a) 
b
2
 3a 
b

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Determine whether each of the following pairs of expressions is equal.

(a) 3q, q3
(b) 12  6p, 2p
##
(a) 3q  3  q
q3  q  q  q
 3q and q3 are not equal.

12 1
(b) 12  6 p   2
6p p
2p = 2  p
 12  6p and 2p are not equal.

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Determine whether each of the following pairs of expressions is equal.

17
(a) 7 + 2ab2, 2ba2 + 7
(b) (2c)4, 16c4

##
(a) 7  2ab 2  7  2  a  b  b
2ba 2  7  7  2  a  a  b
 7 + ab2 and 2ba2 + 7 are not equal.

(2c) 4  2c  2c  2c  2c
(b)  2 2 2 2cccc
 16  c 4
 16c 4
 (2c)4 and 16c4 are equal.

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Represent the word phrase ‘Multiply the sum of 3b and 4b by 2a and then subtract the product
from 5’ by the algebraic expression and simplify the result.

##
5  2a  (3b  4b)  5  2a  [(b  b  b)  (b  b  b  b)]
 5  2a  7b
 5  27 a b
 5  14ab

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Find the sum of three consecutive odd integers if the smallest one is 2x + 1.

##
(2 x  1)  ( 2 x  3)  ( 2 x  5)
 2x  1  2x  3  2x  5
 2x  2x  2x  1  3  5
 ( x  x )  ( x  x )  ( x  x)  9
 6x  9
 The sum of the three consecutive odd integers is 6x + 9.

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There are p passengers in a bus. At a certain stop, q passengers alight from the bus and r
passengers board the bus. How many passengers are there when the bus leaves the stop?

##
There are (p – q + r) passengers when the bus leaves the stop.

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A number of relief packs are shared among 4x victims of a flood. After each victim gets 2y packs,
(5c + 1) packs are left. Find the original number of relief packs.

##
 4 x  2 y  (5c  1)
The original number of relief packs  4  2  x  y  5c  1
 8 xy  5c  1

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Anthony is 12 years old, and his mother’s age is 2p less than 3 times of his. How old is Anthony’s
mother?

##
 12  3  2 p
The age of Anthony’s mother  36  2 p

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In a Mathematics test, Sarah’s mark is a + 1 higher than twice of Kelvin’s. If Kelvin’s mark is 3b,
find Sarah’s mark.

##
 3b  2  ( a  1)
Sarah’s mark  3  2  b  a  1
 6b  a  1

19