Road accident 

is most unwanted thing to happen to a road user, though they happen quite
often. The most unfortunate thing is that we don't learn from our...

 That is, some measure of harm (deaths, injuries, or number of crashes) ... Common
rates related to road traffic fatalities include the...
Road accidents are undoubtedly the most frequent and, overall, the cause of the most
damage. The reasons for this are the extremely dense road traffic and the...

Every year the lives of approximately 1.35 million people are cut short as a result of a
road traffic crash. Between 20 and 50 million more people...

What are the reasons of road accident?

Distracted driving is the most common cause of road accidents in the United States, resulting in more crashes every year
than speeding, drunk driving, and other major accident causes. Drivers can become distracted behind the wheel for a variety of reasons.
Jan 21, 2018

Top 8 Driving Tips to Avoid Accidents

1. Keep your eyes on the road. When you are driving, you should be doing just that and nothing else. ...
2. Never use your cell phone. ...
3. Don't change CD's. ...
4. Never, ever drink and drive. ...
5. Avoid construction areas. ...
6. Follow speed limits. ...
7. Follow the rules of the road. ...
8. Ignore aggressive drivers.

A road accident refers to any accident involving at least one road vehicle,

occurring on a road open to public circulation, and in which at least one person is
injured or killed. Intentional acts (murder, suicide) and natural disasters are
excluded.Oct 13, 2016

In general, an unplanned, unexpected, and undesigned (not purposefully caused) event which
occurs suddenly and causes (1) injury or loss, (2) a decrease in value of the resources, or (3) an
increase in liabilities. As a technical term 'accident' does not have a clearly defined legal meaning.

Introduction-
Road Accident is collision between any vehicles (for example car, truck, motorcycle etsectra) or it can be
with any pedestrian, animal or the hindrance placed in the middle of the road. The accident occurred
could result in many injuries or damage to the property. There are various factors which come into
account which can be the reason of accident that is design of the road, driver's impairment and vehicle
design which can cause serious and most dangerous types of accidents. This essay is based on the
prevention of car accidents on the roads mainly on the streets of Dubai.
Defining the Problem-
What is the Problem?-
The provision of highways are resulting in convenience for the peoples but the main problem which is
faced by the government of any country is that the more frequent road accidents which are happening on
the highways which results in severe damage in form of man power or infrastructure and mainly it is
happening in big cities like UAE or Dubai which are having large road transport. The problem is basically
small which is to be handled very carefully by the government; they have taken many measures to stop
these huge accidents.
Whenever a road accident takes place there is various types of damage which takes place which could be
in the form of human beings which is also a victim, infrastructure which is damage to the government and
other administration damages which occurs during accident. There is heavy cost to all above types of
damages which has to be paid during accident which increase the complication if every day there will
hundreds of accidents across the country which would directly affect the economy of the country such as
UAE. There is a cost which has to be paid by the victim's family which cause great problem financially,
the property is damaged due to the accident which also affect government financially indirectly. There is
also some administration cost which will undergo due to the accident.
Reason-
The main reason behind the accidents which occur so frequently on the roads of UAE is that inattention
which is given during driving a car. There would probably lesser amount of accidents if proper attention
and rules are followed during traveling. There could be reason related to weather which also come into
effect into the reason behind accident which is of course a natural reason, the fog which causes less
appearance of on coming vehicles could result in accidents. The other main reason which can cause
massive accident is consumption of alcohol during driving. There are some stats related to the car
accidents in UAE-
Mostly 92% men are responsible for the death occurred during accident and only 8% women are
responsible.
Accidents at night made up 45% of the total fatalities.
Private vehicles cause 1164 accidents taking a toll of 167 lives.
The average ratio of death due to accident in UAE was 1 in every 28 hours.
\
Cause of Accidents-
There are four factors which are responsible for these types of road car accidents which are-
Equipment Failure-
The failure of some equipment inside the machine working of a car resulting into serious car accident is
known as Accident due to Equipment Failure. These could be of various types such as failing of break,
bursting of tire, tread separations or the problem could occur in steering/suspension.
Roadway Design-
The accidents which occur due to the irregular design of roads are known as accidents due to Roadway
Design. It could occur through hazardous visibility which consists of merging lanes, livestock or
pedestrian crossings, crests and troughs etc. The accident also occurs due to the irregular surface of the
roads which causes imbalance of the vehicle and results into collision with another vehicle or
infrastructure.
Poor Roadway Maintenance-
Poor roadway maintenance also contributes to some of the car accidents. There could be debris in the
way of the road which could create problems for the traveler which is responsibility of local highway
department, faded road sign and potholes could be another cause for the major road accident.
Driver Behavior-
The main and foremost cause is driver's behavior other than three causes discussed above which
constitutes only 5% of the cause of the road accidents and 95% depends on this one. Various surveys
has been done in which there is a study which comes out to be that only 5% driver's committed their own
mistake in the accident and a major of 80
% believe that the other driver should have done something to stop the accident to occur.
Current Policy-
 There are various policies which has been started or being formed for the increasing road accidents on
the roads of UAE. There is an immediate need for the adoption of government's policies which could
change the face of the accidents in the positive manner. Recently there is a conference been held in Abu
Dhabi which was 15th Road Safety conference of four continents under the patronage of the vice
president and prime minister of United Arab of Emirates, Sheikh Mohammed Bin Rashid AL Maktoum.
This conference was mainly organized by National Transport Authority (NTA) and with collaboration with
other groups such as GRPS, FERSI, TRB and many more. This was the first road safety conference
which will going to follow United Nation Assembly resolution A/64/L.44/Rev1 on safety of roads. The aim
to conduct this conference was to follow the path being adopted by the UN assembly resolution and to
support the declaration being done in Moscow to improve the safety measures on road. This conference
was great platform for the government to adopt the measures which are being adopted and technical
methods which are better than their methods could be adopted and being implemented to construct a
safe world to live in which is free from ant accident. It was a great platform to debate for road safety
issues and to discuss them and the measurement for the improvement of safety measures. There should
be organization of future events and form a close relationship with transport institutions and the
government authorities to work on the topic of road safety which can reduce the number of accidents
which took place these days. The conclusion of this conference come out with the understanding that all
the participants that is the countries or the nations which have participated in the conference will follow
the guidance given by the United Nations on the road safety measures. There should be implementation
of the strategic plan such as “Zero Vision” which is famous in some countries in Europe which should be
encouraged by the United Arab of Emirates government as well as the agency under which this project
will go should handle it with care.
Government' s Reaction-
The accidents which are taking place in the UAE region of Arab countries are getting out of the alarming
situation so there is a need of taking protective measures by the government to enhance the education
related to the safety adoption during driving to avoid the risk of accident. There are various policies which
have been introduced by the UAE government to ensure that there is less number of accidents in the
country. There are various system introduced to control the accidents which takes place at the highway
like introduction of fine system, black point

1.
an unfortunate incident that happens unexpectedly and unintentionally, typically
resulting in damage or injury.
"he had an accident at the factory"
synony mishap, misfortune, misadventure, mischance, unfortunate
ms: incident, injury, disaster, tragedy, catastrophe, contretemps, calamity, blow, trouble, pro
blem, difficulty;
technicalcasualty
"he was involved in an accident at work"
o
o
2. 2.
an event that happens by chance or that is without apparent or deliberate cause.
"the pregnancy was an accident"
synonyms
chance, mere chance, coincidence, twist of fate, freak, hazard; More
:
Definition - What does Accident mean?
An accident is an unplanned, unforeseen, and unexpected event that has a negative effect on all activities of the individual who is
involved in the accident.
An accident can result in death, injury, disease or infection, loss of property, damage to environment, or a combination thereof.
Accidents can come with business consequences as well, such as compensation costs, loss of productivity, and a decrease in
employee morale.

FREE Download - Accident Investigation Template

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Safeopedia explains Accident
Occupational accidents can take place either at the workplace or in other settings while on the job, such as a worksite or driving or
riding between job sites.
A number of human factors can cause accidents, such as:

 Unsafe conduct
 Inattention
 Negligence
 Improper training
 Inexperience
 Drowsiness, fatigue, or illness

Other factors can include:

 Working conditions
 Workplace designs
 Substandard safety processes
 Weather conditions

There are federal, state, and municipal laws and regulations aimed at preventing or reducing the number of accidents.
Organizations are required to comply with these and are also expected or encouraged to follow industry best practices.

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Takeaway: Fatigue doesn't just cause workers to feel more tired - it also increases the rate of
accidents and injuries, reduces productivity, and causes absenteeism.
There are no specific OSHA guidelines around fatigue, but that doesn’t mean it’s not a significant workplace safety issue. Not only is fatigue
a serious concern, it's also widespread. According to the National Safety Council, more than 43 percent of workers are sleep-deprived.
Predictably, the problem is even worse for workers who do shift work or take the night shifts – 62 percent of them complain about sleep loss.
In this article, we'll go over what fatigue is, how you can spot it, and what you can do to help workers stay awake and alert.
Understanding Fatigue
Fatigue is more than just feeling tired. In fact, research shows that spending 17 hours awake is equivalent to having a blood alcohol content
of 0.05, while 24 to 25 hours is equivalent to a BAC of 0.10. You would never let an employee operate heavy machinery with that much
alcohol in their system, yet fatigued workers routinely engage in difficult or hazard-heavy work.

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In the context of occupational health and safety, fatigue refers to mental or physical exhaustion that reduces one’s capacity to perform work
safely and effectively. The causes, however, aren’t always just work-related. Some of the most common reasons for fatigue include:

 Prolonged or intense mental or physical activity

 Sleep loss or disrupted sleep
 Travel
 Organizational change
 Irregular work scheduling or excessively long shifts
 Strenuous activity
 Long commutes to and from work
 Extremely hot or cold work environments

Workers at high risk for fatigue include:

 Shift workers
 Night workers
 Fly-in/fly-out or drive-in/drive out workers
 Seasonal workers
 On-call workers
 Emergency service providers
 Medical professionals and other health workers

How to Tell if a Worker Is Fatigued

Fatigued workers can put themselves or others at risk, so it's important for safety managers and supervisors to know the signs of fatigue.
Here are some of the key things to watch out for.

1. Tiredness, Weariness, or Sleepiness

Dropping heads, incessant yawning, and eyelids that seem to be closing are the most obvious indicators that a worker is fatigued and needs
time to recover before costly errors or accidents happen.

2. Irritability

Workers can be irritable for a number of reasons – problems at home, financial stress, conflict with co-workers – but one of them is lack of
rest. It’s a good idea to watch for patterns of irritability or a newly developed "bad attitude," particularly when combined with other signs on
this list.

3. Reduced Alertness, Concentration, or Memory

Watch for workers who appear to have trouble focusing or who can’t recall seemingly simple things, like what they just did or said. Having
trouble solving problems can also be an indicator of fatigue.
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4. Lack of Motivation

Employees who appear to all of a sudden lack motivation to do their job (and to do it well) may seem lazy, but it’s generally a sign of broader
troubles, including fatigue (learn more about Managing Employee Burnout to Reduce Deadly Accidents).

5. Increased Mistakes or Lapses in Judgment

If a worker who has otherwise proven to be competent and good at their job starts making frequent errors or poor choices, it might be a sign
of sleep deprivation or fatigue.

6. Headaches

Headaches are a sign of fatigue, but they can also be a sign of dehydration. Before chalking it up to fatigue, make sure all workers are
adequately hydrated while on the job – even when they aren’t in hot environments (learn about The Dangers of On-the-Job Dehydration).

7. Increased Susceptibility to Illness

Workers who are suddenly taking more time off due to illness may be experiencing fatigue. Insufficient sleep wears the body down and
affects its ability to fight off colds, flus, and other illnesses. With an increase in fatigue, it’s not uncommon to see a corresponding rise
in absenteeism and sick days.

How Fatigue Affects the Workplace

Fatigue has very real, tangible effects on the workplace. The most concerning ones are an increased rate of accidents and injuries, a
negative influence on decision-making, and lower productivity.

Increased Incidence of Injuries

The stats say it all. Compared to day shifts, accident and injury rates are 18 percent higher during evening shifts and 30 percent higher
during night shifts. Research also shows that those who work 12 hours per day have a 37 percent higher risk of injury than those who work
fewer hours. And the hazard risk continues even after work ends: a 2005 study of medical residents found that every extended shift
scheduled in a month increased the monthly risk of a vehicle crash on the way home by 16.2 percent.
This increase in accidents and injuries often results from a perfect storm of factors, including reduced alertness, lower concentration, and
impaired motor skills. The Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine found that workers who go 17 to 19 hours without sleep don’t
just exhibit impaired performance levels, but have response speeds that are half as slow as well-rested workers. These fatigued workers also
had worse hand-eye coordination, depth perception, and balance. This is particularly dangerous for those who work at height, use power
tools, or operate heavy machinery.

Poor Decision Making

Research out of Zurich shows that a chronic lack of sleep leads to riskier behavior. Perhaps the most significant finding from the study,
though, is that the participants deemed this behavior safer than they did under regular sleep conditions. In other words, when they were
lacking sleep, workers didn’t even realize that they were taking greater risks. For fatigued employees, this could mean making impulsive and
dangerous decisions without recognizing it – and it could also affect the health and safety of other employees, customers, or patients.
Lower Productivity

According to OSHA estimates, lost productivity due to fatigue costs employers a total of $136.4 billion every year. The high costs can be
attributed to a number of different factors, including lower efficiency – as work hours increase, output and performance decrease – high injury
and workers’ compensation costs, and greater absenteeism due to fatigue-related illnesses.

Proactively Addressing Worker Fatigue

Employees certainly play a role in preventing fatigue and some of the causes go beyond the workplace, but there are still a number of things
employers can do to reduce fatigue at work. An effective approach to fatigue risk management should involve some or all of the following:

 Shift scheduling: consistent schedules, frequent breaks, two consecutive days off each week, and no more than four night shifts in
a row
 Balancing workloads and staffing
 Reporting system for fatigue-related incidents
 Workplace design: cool atmosphere, low humidity, plenty of natural light, minimal noise and vibrations
 Employee training on fatigue and managing sleep disorders
 Supervisor and management training on monitoring and identifying fatigue in workers
 Offering an insurance plan that covers sleep disorders

Summary
By identifying fatigue and taking proactive measures before it becomes an issue, you can ensure a safe, healthy, and productive work
environment for your entire team.

Traffic collision - Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traffic_collision
A traffic collision, also called a motor vehicle collision (MVC) among other terms, occurs when
a vehicle collides with another vehicle, pedestrian, animal, road debris, or other stationary obstruction,
such as a tree, pole or building. Traffic collisions often result in injury, death, and property damage.
Vehicle Accidents - Nolo.com
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After a car accident, how do insurance companies and courts establish who was at fault? What steps can
you take to protect your legal rights after you've been involved in an accident? How will car insurance
policy limits affect an injury claim? We'll answer these questions and many more in this section, plus you'll
find in-depth coverage of different types ofvehicle accidents.</p>
Vehicular accident - definition of Vehicular accident by ...
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Define Vehicular accident. Vehicular accident synonyms, Vehicular accident pronunciation, Vehicular
accident translation, English dictionary definition of Vehicular accident. car accident. Translations.
English: car accident n Autounfall m. German / Deutsch: Autounfall.
Car Accident: News Reports and Stories of Car Crashes ...
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Read the most recent car accident news reports and stories about car crashes and other
road accidents on Newser.com - Page 1 | Newser ... Police say the patrol vehicle was totaled but it was ...
What is vehicular accident - auto.answers.com
auto.answers.com/Q/What_is_vehicular_accident
Vehicular accident reconstruction is a scientific method that is used to recreate vehicle accidents that can
be used as evidence during criminal court cases. Share to: Answered. In Gravity. Why
do vehicular accident happen? Occasionally, anaccident is the result of mechanical failure.
Traffic collision reconstruction - Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vehicular_accident_reconstruction
Vehicular accident reconstruction is the scientific process of investigating, analyzing, and drawing
conclusions about the causes and events during a vehicle collision. Reconstructionists are employed to
conduct in-depth collision analysis and reconstruction to identify the collision causation and contributing
factors in different types of ...
Vehicle Accidents: The Consequences of Causing a Car Crash ...
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Vehicle Accidents: The Consequences of Causing a Car Crash Involving Injuries or Property Damage By
John McCurley , Attorney How car collisions can lead to insurance premium increases, lawsuits, and
criminal charges.
First aid is the assistance given to any person suffering a sudden
illness or injury, with care provided to preserve life, prevent the
condition from worsening, or to promote recovery