3rd Quarter Self-Learning Activity (SLA) for Mathematics 10

Teacher: RAZEL C . SORIANO

School: Francisco LL. Laya Memorial Integrated School

The following are examples of probability:

Q3W10:Solves problems involving probability.

Specific objective of the day: a.There is a 20% chance of rain tomorrow.

In this lesson, you are going to learn how to solve problem b.When flipping a coin, there is a 50% probability it will be heads.
involving probability (M10SP-IIIi-j-1) c.On a spinner that has four colors occupying equally sized
spaces, there is a one in four probability it will land on any one
Reference: Mathematics 10 LEARNER’S MANUAL color.
pages 351 - 353 d.In a drawer of ten socks where 8 of them are yellow, there is a
20% chance of choosing a sock that is not yellow.
Development of the Lesson:
Let us now try to solve real life situations involving probability.
In this lesson, we will be using the following terms in solving
problems involving probability. It is important to recall their 1. The probabilities of three teams A, B and C winning a
meanings to help us in the different tasks to be done. badminton competition are 1/3, 1/5 and 1/9 respectively.

1. Conditional Probability - The conditional probability of an Calculate the probability that

event B given A is the probability that the event B will occur given a) either A or B will win
that an event A has already occurred. This probability is written as b) either A or B or C will win
P(B|A) and read as the probability of B given A. In the case where c) none of these teams will win
events A and B are independent (where event A has no effect on d) neither A nor B will win
the probability of event B), the conditional probability of event B
given event A is simply the probability of event B, that is, P(B).

2. Dependent Events – Two events are dependent if the

occurrence of one event does affect the occurrence of the other
(e.g., random selection without replacement).
3. Independent Events – events in which the probability of any
one event occurring is unaffected by the occurrence or non-
occurrence of any of the other events. Formally, A and B are
independent if and only if P(A|B) = P(A).

4. Mutually Exclusive Events – events that have no outcomes in

common. This also means that if two or more events are mutually
exclusive, they cannot happen at the same time. This is also
referred to as disjoint events. For mutually exclusive events the 2.
total probabilities must add up to 1.

Probability - P(A ∪ B) and Mutually Exclusive Events

P(A ∪ B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A ∩ B)
For mutually exclusive events, P(A ∩ B) = 0.

For any two events A and B with P(B) > 0, the conditional
3. Find the probability that a leap year has 52 Sundays.
probability of
A given that B has occurred is defined by
Solution:
A leap year can have 52 Sundays or 53 Sundays. In a leap year,
there are 366 days out of which there are 52 complete weeks &
remaining 2 days. Now, these two days can be (Sat, Sun) (Sun,
Mon) (Mon, Tue) (Tue, Wed) (Wed, Thur) (Thur, Friday) (Friday,
Sat).
In word problems, conditional probabilities can usually be
So there are total 7 cases out of which (Sat, Sun) (Sun, Mon) are
recognized by words like “given”, “if,” or “among” (e.g., in the
2
context of samples). There are, however, no hard rules, and you
have to read the problem carefully and pay attention to the entire two favorable cases. So, P (53 Sundays) = 7
context of the problem to determine whether the given probability Now, P(52 Sundays) + P(53 Sundays) = 1
represents an ordinary probability (e.g., P(AB)) or a conditional
probability (e.g., P(A|B) or P(B|A)). 2 5
So, P (52 Sundays) = 1 - P(53 Sundays) = 1 – 7 )= 7
5
So, the probability that a leap year has 52 Sundays is 7 .
 girl. Let C denote the event that the family has one boy and one
4. If the probability of Serena Williams a particular tennis match is girl. Let D denote the event that the family has at most one girl.
0.86, what is the probability of her losing the match? Which of the following must be true about events C and D?
Solution: A.C and D are independent events.
Let E = the event of Serena Williams winning. B.C occurs given that D does not occur.
From the question, P(E) = 0.86. C.C and D are not independent events.
Clearly, E¯ = the event of Serena Williams losing. D.C and D are mutually exclusive events.
So, P(E¯) = 1 - P(E) = 1 - 0.86 = 0.14
6.A nationwide survey revealed that 42% of the population likes
eating pizza. If two people are randomly selected from the
population, what is the probability that the first person likes eating
5.A mobile manufactured by a company consists of two types of pizza while the second one does not?
mobile, red color mobile phone aand black color mobile phone. In A. 0.42 + (1 − 0.42) C. 1 - 0.42
the process of manufacturing of red color mobile phone, 91 out of B. 2 (1 − 0.42) D. 0.42 (1 − 0.42)
100 are non defective. And in the manufacturing process of black
color mobile phone, 95 out of 100 are non defective. Calculate the 7. A married couple agreed to continue bearing a new child until
probability that the assembled type is non defective. they get two boys, but not more than 4 children. Assuming that
Solution: each time that a child is born, the probability that it is a boy is 0.5,
Let X denote the event that red color mobile phone is non independent from all other times. Find the probability that the
defective and couple has at least two girls.
Y denotes the event that black color mobile phone is non
1 1 5 1
defective.
91 A. 2 B. 6 C. 8 D. 5
Probability of non defective red color mobile phone P(X) = 100
95 8. .A survey of a group’s sports viewing habits over the last year
revealed the following information:
Probability of non defective red color mobile phone P(Y) = 100 i. 28% watched soccer
Here X and Y are independent ii. 29% watched basketball
iii. 19% watched tennis
P(assembled type is non defective) iv. 14% watched soccer and basketball
v. 12% watched basketball and tennis
= P(X ∩ Y) = P(X) ∙ P(Y) vi. 10% watched soccer and tennis
91 95 vii. 8% watched all three sports.
= 100 ∙ 100 What percent of the group watched none of the three sports last
8645 year?
1000 A. 24 B. 36 C. 41 D. 52
=
= 0.8645
9.The probability that a visit to the school clinic is neither due to
Therefore, P(assembled type is non defective) = 0.8645
dental reasons nor medical reasons is 35%. Of those coming to
the clinic, 30% are due to medical reasons and 40% are due to
Now, it is your turn to solve the following problems. Simply choose
dental reasons. What is the probability that a visit to the school
the letter of your choice and write it in a separate sheet of paper.
clinic is due to both dental and medical reasons?
A. 0.05 B. 0.12 C. 0.18 D. 0.25
1. Brian likes to wear colored shirts. He has 10 shirts in the closet.
Three of these are blue, four are in different shades of red, and the
10. There are four batteries, and one of them is defective. Two are
rest are of mixed or different colors. What is the probability that he
to be selected at random for use on a particular day. Find the
will wear a blue or a red shirt?
probability that the second battery selected is not defective, given
7 4 3 4 3 7 that the first was not defective.
+ + +
A. 10 10 B. 10 10 C. 10 10 D.
7 4 2 1 1
−
10 10 A. 3 B. 4 C. 3 D.
1
2. Jody has four cans of juice – one can of orange, one of
pineapple, one of calamansi, and one of guyabano. She chooses 2
three of these cans to take to school. If she chooses calamansi,
what is the probability she aso chooses pineapple?
7 3 2 3
A. 8 B. 4 C. 3 D. 8
3. The spinner below is spun. What is the probability of a spin that
results in an even number or a number less than 4?

4. A box contains 4 red balls and 6 blue balls. A second box

contains 16 red balls and an unknown number of blue balls. A
single ball is drawn from each box. The probability that both balls
are of the same color is 0.44. How many blue balls are there in the
second box?
A. 4 B. 20 C. 24 D. 44

5. A family has two children. Suppose that the birth of each child is
an independent event and that it is equally likely to be a boy or a