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Elex - EXPERIMENT 3 Rectifier

This experiment investigates three diode rectifier circuits: half-wave, center-tapped full-wave, and full-wave bridge rectifier. The objectives are to determine which provides the best DC level from a sinusoidal AC input. Components are connected according to wiring diagrams and measurements are taken of input/output voltages. Results are analyzed to determine which rectifier configuration provides the highest DC voltage for power supply applications.

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157 views

Elex - EXPERIMENT 3 Rectifier

This experiment investigates three diode rectifier circuits: half-wave, center-tapped full-wave, and full-wave bridge rectifier. The objectives are to determine which provides the best DC level from a sinusoidal AC input. Components are connected according to wiring diagrams and measurements are taken of input/output voltages. Results are analyzed to determine which rectifier configuration provides the highest DC voltage for power supply applications.

Uploaded by

Kzenette
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EXPERIMENT 3: DIODE RECTIFIERS

I. OBJECTIVES
1. To investigate three diode rectifier circuits; half-wave rectifier, center-tapped full-wave
rectifier, and full-wave bridge type rectifier.

2. To determine which diode rectifier circuit will give an improved dc level from sinusoidal input.

II. BASIC CONCEPT


Rectification is the process of obtaining a DC level voltage from an AC source. Rectifier circuits
can be half-wave, full wave, and full-wave bridge rectifier circuits.

A circuit is known to be a half-wave rectifier if the load current flows approximately one-half of
the sine-wave period. Only one-half of the waveform is seen in the oscilloscope because the diode is
“cut-off” during one-half of the cycle.

Vm = Vs(pk) - VD
Im = V m / R L
VDC = 0.318Vm
where

Vm = output rectified voltage


Vs(pk) = secondary voltage
Im = output current
VD = diode’s voltage drop
VDC = DC or average voltage

The full-wave center-tapped rectifier is constructed using two diodes and a center-tapped
transformer. The load current flows through during the entire cycle because at one-half of the cycle, the
diode is “cut-off” and the other diode is operating and vice-versa.

Vm = (Vs(pk) / 2) - VD
Im = V m / R L
VDC = 0.636Vm

The full-wave bridge rectifier is done by using four diodes instead of just two diodes, avoiding
the use of a center tapped transformer. The load current flows through the load during the entire cycle
because at the time when two diodes are “cut-off”, the other two are operating.

Vm = Vs(pk) - 2 VD
Im = V m / R L
VDC = 0.636Vm

III. MATERIALS
Quantity Description
1 1-K Ω resistor (1/2 watt)
6 1N4001 silicon diode
1 12V/1A secondary center tapped transformer (with plug)
1 Multimeter
1 Breadboard
1 Dual Trace Oscilliscope
1set Connecting wires
IV. WIRING DIAGRAM

Figure 1.1 Half-Wave Rectifier

Figure 1.2 Center-tapped Full Wave Rectifier


Figure 1.3 Bridge-Type Full Wave Rectifier

V. PROCEDURE
1. Connect the half-wave rectifier circuit shown in Figure 1.1
2. Set the oscilloscope to the following:
Channels 1 and 2: 10V/division, DC coupling
Time Base: 5ms/Division
3. Measure the transformer’s peak secondary voltage and record this as V s in Table 1.1. Measure the
output peak voltage across the 1 KΩ resistor and record this as Vm in Table 1.1.
4. Plot both waveforms (Vs and Vm) using the same scale.
5. With your VOM or DMM, measure the DC voltage (V DC) across the 1 KΩ resistor and record your
results in Table 1.1. Compare the results with that obtained from the ideal equations for the average or
DC voltage of the half-wave rectifier.
6. Turn off the power to the transformer and wire the center-tapped full-wave rectifier circuit shown in
Figure 1.2.
7. Now set the oscilloscope to the following approximate settings:
Channel 1 and 2: 5V/division, DC coupling
Time base: 5ms/division
8. Repeat steps 3-5.
9. Turn off the power to the transformer and wire the full-wave bridge rectifier circuit shown in Figure
1.3.
10. Repeat steps 3-5.

VI. DATA AND RESULTS

Table 1.1
Measured HW Rectifier C-T FW Rectifier C-T FW Rectifier FW Bridge FW Bridge
Parameter Rectifier (+) Rectifier (-)
positive negative

Vs

Vm

VDC

VII. SAMPLE COMPUTATIONS

VIII. GRAPHS
IX. ANALYSIS OF RESULTS

X. CONCLUSIONS
XI. SELF TEST QUESTIONS
1. What is the purpose of a rectifier in a power supply?
2. What are the advantages and disadvantages of a full-wave rectifier circuit over a bridge-rectifier
circuit?
3. Which rectifier configuration represents the best selection? Why?

XII. APPLICATION (CIRCUIT SIMULATION)

A full wave bridge rectifier with a 12V sinusoidal input has a load resistance of 2.2Kohms,
determine the voltage available at the load. Show the output waveform of the circuit and compare the
results based on your computed values.
+
2
Si
1 4
Vin Vo

3
RL
-

1B4B42
10Ω

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