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Half Wave Dipole: Dr. Avinash Chandra

1) A half wave dipole antenna has a length of λ/2, where λ is the wavelength. It has a radiation resistance of 73Ω and radiates power most strongly in directions perpendicular to the antenna. 2) The current distribution along the half wave dipole is sinusoidal, with maximum values at the ends that reduce to zero at the center. This distribution results in spherical wave radiation patterns. 3) The radiated power of the half wave dipole can be expressed as being dissipated in an equivalent radiation resistance. The radiation resistance allows matching to transmission lines for maximum power transfer.

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102 views11 pages

Half Wave Dipole: Dr. Avinash Chandra

1) A half wave dipole antenna has a length of λ/2, where λ is the wavelength. It has a radiation resistance of 73Ω and radiates power most strongly in directions perpendicular to the antenna. 2) The current distribution along the half wave dipole is sinusoidal, with maximum values at the ends that reduce to zero at the center. This distribution results in spherical wave radiation patterns. 3) The radiated power of the half wave dipole can be expressed as being dissipated in an equivalent radiation resistance. The radiation resistance allows matching to transmission lines for maximum power transfer.

Uploaded by

aksdaf
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Lecture: 6

Half Wave Dipole

Dr. Avinash Chandra

School of Electronics Science Engineering


VIT University, Vellore, India
Half Wave Dipole
 If we see the current distribution on linear dipole antennas

l 
2
l   +
+ |I| |I|
Iin Iin = I0
+
+

  l   l  3 2 +
2
+
|I| - Iin |I|
Iin I0 - I0
+
+
Half Wave Dipole
 Assume a dipole of length l   
2 10
 Let the dipole be fed at the centre
by an alternating voltage/current z
source P

 The current on a conductor


r
of finite length is not l  2
I
constant y

I  I 0 cos z
I
 Let there be a point P far
away from source (r >> ), x
-z
where we would like to
find the fields
Half Wave Dipole
 Now the differential magnetic vector potential at the point P due
to a current element of length dz is
 I 0 coszdz  j r'
dAsz  e
4 r'
z
 If r >> l, as for distance P
r’
r  r' dz

l  r
4 z 
and for phase, which varies y
significantly for the given
length of wire, we have
l 
r  r'  z cos 4 I

 r'  r  z cos -z
Half Wave Dipole
 Integrating the differential vector potential along the entire
length of the wire gives us the total magnetic vector potential at
point P 
 I0 4
Asz 
4 r
 e  j r z cos
coszdz

4

 I 0  j r 4 jzcos

4 r
e  e cosz dz

4

After evaluation of the integral above, we obtain



cos  cos 

 I 0 e  j r 2 
Asz 
2 r sin 2 
Half Wave Dipole (Far-Field)
 Now the magnetic field at point P can be obtained after
coordinate transformation as
H 
1
  A 


cos  cos  
jI0 e  j  r 
 H  2   H r  H  0
2 r sin 
 The electric field can be easily obtained as

E H   
  E
 H


cos  cos  

jI 0 e  j  r 2  E  E 0
 E   
2 r sin 
r
Half Wave Dipole-Radiated Power
The time-averaged power density can be written as

 E  H  E H * aˆ r
1 * 1
Pavg
2 2
2
 I0 cos  cos  
2

  2  aˆ
8 r sin 
2 2 2 r

Now the time-averaged radiated power can be obtained as


 2

Prad    avg
P  dS r where dS r  r 2
sind d aˆr
0 0

 2 2 2 4 2 6 2 8 


Prad  15I 0
2
 22!  44!  66!  88!  ....... 

Prad  36.56I 0
2
Half Wave Dipole - Radiation Resistance
 The radiated power can be imagined as power dissipated in a
fictitious resistor called radiation resistance ‘Rr’
1 2
Prad  I Rr  I 0 Rr
2
rms
2
From which we can write the radiation resistance as

2P rad
Rr  2
 73
I0

 The above radiation resistance can be easily matched to a


transmission line. That is also a reason why we have many co-axial
cables of 75 .

 The radiation resistance is more than that of Hertzian dipole and


therefore, can deliver more power into the space around
7
Half Wave Dipole- Radiation Pattern
 The input impedance of the half wave dipole is made of the real
part which is radiation resistance and a reactive part. The total
impedance can be written as

Z i n  R r  X r  73  j42.5

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