Minnesota Department of Natural Resources Plate A - MN DNR Report 383

Division of Lands and Minerals Aggregate Resource Potential in Kandiyohi County, MN

AGGREGATE RESOURCES
Director Joseph Henderson Sand and Gravel Potential

POPE COUNTY R . 3 6 W. R . 3 5 W. R . 3 4 W. STEARNS COUNTY R . 3 3 W.

SAND & GRAVEL POTENTIAL 6
Regal
Kandiyohi County, MN
Very Small Gravel Pit
Mp Mp
Mp 1 6 Small Gravel Pit
1 Mp
6
1 Very Small Gravel Pit 6 Medium Gravel Pit (ASIS)
$2
+ )55
1

+
Small Gravel Pits (ASIS)

STEARNS COUNTY
Lp
Lp 126
Produced by the Aggregate Resource Mapping Program Mp
+
36 Mp Very Small Gravel Pit
Hp )
71 +
35
Mp
+
109
Small Gravel Pit (ASIS)
)4
Minnesota Department of Natural Resources Division of Lands and Minerals Lp Lp Hp Mp Very Small Gravel Pit $
Funded by the Legislative-Citizen Commission on Minnesota Resources (LCCMR) Very Small Gravel Pit
Borrow Pit
Lp
+117
Mp
Medium Gravel Pit (ASIS)
Very Small Gravel Pit
Mp
Cr
Lp Very Small Gravel Pits ow
Very Small Gravel Pit
Borrow Pit Very Small Gravel Pit Very Small Gravel Pit
Very Small Gravel Pit Very Small Gravel Pit Very Small Gravel Pit
Mp Lp
St. Paul, Minnesota - March 2021
Mapped by Chad Crotty
Borrow Pit
Lp
+
34 Very Small Gravel Pit
Rive
r

Very Small Gravel Pit

Mp Mp Lp +9 Small Gravel Pit
Very Small Gravel Pit
Lp Mp Very Small Gravel Pit

and Heather Arends Very Small Gravel Pit

Very Small Gravel Pit
Very Small Gravel Pit
Very Small Gravel Pit

Small Gravel Pit

+
115
+
Very Small Gravel Pit Medium Gravel Pit (ASIS)
Large Gravel Pit (ASIS)

Purpose: The purpose of this project is to identify and classify potential construction aggregate resources (sand and gravel) in Kandiyohi County,
Borrow Pit
Lp 5
Very Small Gravel Pit +
128
Lp

Small Gravel Pit

Large Gravel Pit Medium Gravel Pits
Mp

Minnesota. This mapping was completed in accordance with the Minnesota Statute Section 84.94 directing the Department of Natural Resources Very Small Gravel Pit
Lp Very Small Gravel Pit Medium Gravel Pit

(MN DNR), in cooperation with the Minnesota Geological Survey (MGS) and Minnesota Department of Transportation (MnDOT), to provide +121
Mp
Very Small Gravel Pit

information to local governments in order to plan and protect future supplies of aggregate resources. This map and accompanying databases are Glesne + 1
Very Small Gravel Pit Hp
Hp
Very Small Gravel Pit
Very Small Gravel Pit
+
135

T. 1 2 2 N .
intended to inform comprehensive land use and zoning decisions regarding aggregate resources, introduce aggregate resource protection, spread the Lake
Borrow Pit Mp Lp
Prospect Mp

burden of development, and promote orderly and environmentally sound development of resources. Having locally available, low-cost construction Small Gravel Pit Small Gravel Pit (ASIS)Very Small Gravel Pit Small Gravel Pit

aggregates is fundamental to building and maintaining public infrastructure and private sector development.
Lp
Very Small Gravel Pit Very Small Gravel Pit
Very Small Gravel Pit Very Small Gravel Pit Roseville Small Gravel Pit (ASIS)Very Small Gravel Pit $6
+
)9 Hp Medium Gravel Pit (ASIS) Small Gravel Pit (ASIS) Large Gravel Pit Very Small Gravel Pit Large Gravel Pit (ASIS)
Small Gravel Pit

T. 1 2 2 N .
Very Small Gravel Pit
Aggregate materials are high-bulk, low-value commodities, which means transportation costs account for a considerable amount of the delivered Small Gravel Pit Mp

price. Lower construction costs for public and private projects can be achieved by accessing local aggregate supplies. In addition to transportation Prospect
Medium Gravel Pit
Lp +
107
Very Small Gravel Pit
Hp Large Gravel Pit (ASIS)

Sunburg
Small Gravel Pit (ASIS) Large Gravel Pit (ASIS) Prospect

costs, land use conflicts can impact the availability, usability, and supply of aggregate. Land use conflicts, such as cities expanding into adjacent rural Mp
Small Gravel Pit (ASIS)
Large Gravel Pit (ASIS)Prospect Mp
Very Small Gravel Pit

+
143
Medium Gravel Pit (ASIS)
+
$
areas, aggregate resource deposits being covered by new developments, new developments occurring adjacent to aggregate resources, and/or land use Lp
+ 33
Lake
Large Gravel Pit (ASIS)

)
Medium Gravel Pit (ASIS)
Large Gravel Pit
106
Very Small Gravel Pit

designations that exclude aggregate mining, are becoming more common. Specifications for the construction of roads and bridges require higher 31 +
60
+
112
Very Small Gravel Pit
Medium Gravel Pit (ASIS)
Small
Gravel
Very Small Gravel Pit Hp

31
23
Lp
36
)9
Borrow Pit
quality aggregate, which may be available only in limited and specific areas. The need and increased use of aggregate material in and around regional Large Gravel Pit Very Small Gravel Pit Pit Very Small Gravel Pit
36 31
Large Gravel Pit
36 Very Small Gravel Pit
Borrow Pit 31 Games Very Small Gravel Pit
economic centers are depleting permitted supplies. As a result, aggregate resources are becoming less available and the transportation distances are Lake Monongalia Large Gravel Pit Lp
Very Small Gravel Pit
increasing, which is passed on in costs to the consumer. Norway Very Small Gravel Pit ke
La
Sunburg
Lake
Borrow Pit
+
48 Medium Gravel Pit

ng
This is a regional reconnaissance-scale map. Site-specific evaluations are still necessary prior to any development of the resource, especially in regards Very Small Gravel Pit
Hp Mp
Lo
to aggregate quality or environmental review. Factors such as ownership, zoning, protected waters and wetlands, environmental permitting, and other Mp Very Small Gravel Pit 1
6 Lp 1 6 Large Gravel Pit (ASIS) Borrow Pit
6 6 Borrow Pits 1
individual site characteristics are not part of the geological resource data summarized here. Very Small Gravel Pits Very Small Gravel Pit
Borrow Pit
Borrow Pit 1 Very Small Gravel Pit

Prior Work: The Geologic Atlas of Kandiyohi County (Hamilton et al, 2019), compiled by the MGS, specifically the Surficial Geology (Plate 3), the
Quaternary Stratigraphy (Plate 4) and Sand-Distribution Model (Plate 5), were helpful in the completion of this map. Previously completed aggregate + 40
Lake Middle
Andrew +
148
Lp Hp Medium Gravel Pit Very Small Gravel Pit
Lp
Very Small
Gravel Pits +
31
Lp
Very Small Gravel Pit

potential maps of surrounding Renville (Anderson, 2003), Meeker (Arends, 2005), and Stearns (Arends and Ellingson, 2012) counties, regional Lake
Lake
New
Small Gravel Pit $
+
103
Bear Large Gravel Pit Medium Gravel Pit
geologic maps (Patterson, 1994; Patterson, 1999; Setterholm, 1995), and other in depth mapping efforts (Whitehall, 2002) helped to give regional
+ Lake
Crow
London Very Small Gravel Pit
geologic context to Kandiyohi County. 38
Small Gravel Pit
Medium Gravel Pit (ASIS)
Very Small Gravel Pit +2

Riv
+

er
Small Gravel Pit
102
+5

T. 1 2 1 N .
METHODOLOGY: The map was compiled using Geographic Information Systems (GIS).
Very Small Gravel Pit Medium Gravel Pit
Lp Lp
+ 40
Very Small Gravel Pit
Hp
Data Gathering: Literature reviews and data searches are conducted to obtain a basic understanding of the regional geology. Some of the data gath- Very Small Gravel Pit
)
+
101 Lp 9 Mp

T. 1 2 1 N .
Very Small Gravel Pit
ered includes aerial photographs, topographic maps, digital elevation models, shaded relief maps, subsurface data, gravel pit and quarry data, existing Very Small Gravel Pit
Small Gravel Pit
Borrow Pit
maps of surficial and bedrock geology, published papers and reports, land use, as well as several datasets of background information, including roads, MSmall Gravel Pit

railroads, PLS township, range, and section boundaries, and other data. The County Well Index (CWI) database, the Aggregate Source Information
Borrow Pit +
113
Very
idd
le
Very Small Gravel Pit Very Small Gravel Pit

Fork
System (ASIS), and Quaternary Data Index (QDI) are important datasets used to interpret subsurface geology and for creating sand and gravel
Borrow Pits
+
165 Lp

k
Mp Lp

ee
Very Small Gravel Pit Very Small Gravel Pit Very Small Gravel Pit

Cr
resource maps. CWI is an online database (https://mnwellindex.web.health.state.mn.us/) developed and maintained by MGS and the Minnesota Small Gravel Pit Small Gravel Pit Small Gravel Pit
Very Small Gravel Pit
Lake
Department of Health. These resources contain basic information for over 300,000 wells drilled throughout Minnesota. In Kandiyohi County, there
Small Gravel Pit

Sand Pit (ASIS) Medium Gravel Pit +

30
are 6,431 wells with defined locations (Figure 2), and an additional 121 unlocated wells that have been approximately placed within the county bound- Very Small Gravel Pit Lp
Very Small Gravel Pit
Small Gravel Pit Very Small Gravel Pit
Calhoun
ary. The majority of CWI logs contain geologic descriptions. ASIS is a dataset compiled and maintained by MnDOT that consists of aggregate quality Henjum Lake Very Small Gravel Pit

data, sand and gravel grain size analysis, and pit sheets displaying the descriptions of shallow test-hole logs with diagrams of test-hole locations. This +
29
Borrow Pit

Hp
+
131

information refers to specific sites that MnDOT evaluated from approximately 1930 to 2000. The QDI is an internal working database maintained
Very Small Gravel Pit
)
71

ee
Nest

op
Very Small Gravel Pits
Very Small Gravel Pit

ak
Large Gravel Pit (ASIS)
by MGS that consists of field collected data and analysis, from soil borings to gravity and aeromagnetic data. There are currently 781 QDI sites in Very Small Gravel Pit

Sh
144
Kandiyohi County. Very Small Gravel Pit

ke + Lake
120 Prospect
Prospect +9 Lake
Green
+
98 Medium Gravel Pit

Field Work: Several weeks were spent driving accessible roads in the county looking for outcrops and exposures of geologic materials to further Borrow Pit
Borrow Pit
La Lp
ok
define aggregate deposits. Sediments exposed in artificial (e.g. road cuts, trails, foundation excavations, construction projects) and natural (e.g. stream
+ 7 Cr
o Small Gravel Pit
Florida
Medium Gravel Pit (ASIS)
+ 32 )
23
Lake
Small Gravel Pit

31Mp
Lp
cuts and animal burrows) exposures offer sites where surface materials and glacial stratigraphy can be observed. A total of 67 field observations were 31 36 31 Large Gravel Pit (ASIS) Mp 36
logged in Kandiyohi County. Fieldwork also included documenting sediment in existing gravel pits, which provided additional quality data and views
Lp 36
31
Spicer
Very Small Gravel Pit Very Small Gravel Pit
of stratigraphic cross-sections. These larger views into the structure of the subsurface layers allowed the geologist to interpret the depositional setting Lp Very Small Gravel Pit
Small Gravel Pit
Very Small Gravel Pit
Hp
Small Gravel Pit
and thereby better predict the extent of the deposit.
Small Gravel Pit +
95
+
138 Mp
Hp

Sand and Gravel Data Compilation and Interpretation: Aggregate bearing landforms are typically created by glacial meltwater and non-glacial Mp
+ Mp
SWIFT COUNTY

Lp
6
Very Small Gravel Pit
1 6 Ringo 10 1
Hp 6 Mp
streams and lakes. Sand-and-gravel-bearing features such as outwash channels, bars, terraces, and other more complex landforms that were created in Medium Gravel Pit
1 Medium Gravel Pit Lp
Large Gravel 1 6 Medium Gravel Pit

Pit (ASIS)
contact with, or beneath the ice, are distinguished on this map using a land systems approach. This involves the identification of the processes by Lp
Large Gravel Pit
Lake
Mp
Small Gravel Pit

which glacial landscapes were created, and can provide predictions about the occurrence of a particular sediment type within a given feature. Other Small Gravel Pit
Lp Small Gravel Pit Small Gravel Pit
Small Gravel Pit
Mp +10
Very Small Gravel Pit
sediment characteristics such as color, texture, and grain shape, also help determine how the sediment was deposited. These substrates also have Medium Gravel Pit (ASIS)
Lp
distinctive tones or patterns when viewed from aerial photographs. Furthermore, a particular vegetation type might prefer well-drained soils, such as Small Gravel Pit (ASIS) Small Gravel Pit

sand and gravel. Aggregate resources were delineated by layering multiple datasets. Topographic maps (USGS 1:24,000), high resolution elevation data Mamre Lp
Large Gravel Pit (ASIS)
Medium Gravel Pit
Swan
Lake
(LiDAR), shaded relief maps, aerial photographs, subsurface data, field observations, the location and distribution of existing pits, and soil surveys, Lake Prospect
Large Gravel Pit (ASIS)
CWI, ASIS, and QDI were used to identify features containing sand and gravel resources. Aggregate resource information was mapped at a scale of +
94 +
27
Small Gravel Pit Long Large Gravel Pit +
140
Lp

1:24,000 and compiled at a scale of 1:50,000. Large Gravel Pit (ASIS)

Hp
Very Small Gravel Pit
Lp
$
+
28
RESULTS: Kandiyohi County has a complex glacial history. The majority of the surface deposits are associated with different phases of the Des Lake
Very Small Gravel Pit Lp Lp

T. 1 2 0 N .
Large Gravel Pit
Moines lobe, a source of ice that transported and deposited sediments from the northwest during the most recent glaciation (>10,000 years ago). This Large Gravel Pit (ASIS)
Mp

lobe flowed along the Minnesota River Valley, depositing sediments throughout Kandiyohi County. A smaller stream of ice flowing off the main
section of the Des Moines lobe, referred to as the Bonanza sub-lobe, flowed into Kandiyohi County from the north. The section between the main
Mp

+
13
Lp
Small Gravel Pit Small Gravel Pit Very Small Gravel Pit
Very Small
Very Small Gravel Pit
+
93 +
28
Small Gravel Pit
Mp
Medium
Lp Gravel Pits Gravel Pit
T. 1 2 0 N .

lobe and this sub-lobe is referred to as an interlobate region. This region extends from the northwest corner of the county, down to an area surround- Lp
Lp (ASIS)

ing New London, and up to an area just west of Hawick. There is also a small section of exposed surface deposits in the northeast corner of Kandiyo- Lp Small Gravel Pit (ASIS)
ke Eagle +
137
hi County that was deposited by an earlier pulse of ice that flowed from the north through central Minnesota, referred to as the Wadena lobe. Howev- Small Gravel Pit (ASIS) n La
omo Diamond
t Sol +
er, these deposits are not a significant source of sand and gravel within this county. Lp
Wes
Mp
25 Lake Mp +
26
Lake
There are abundant sand and gravel resources within Kandiyohi County. The majority of these resources are concentrated in the northern portion Large Gravel Pit (ASIS)

Solomon Lake
Borrow Pit
)
71
Lp
of the county. Several large and extensive sand and gravel deposits are mapped within the northern half of the county. The largest and most notable Lp Very Small Gravel Pit
Lp
of these deposits are multiple outwash and interlobate features located in the north-central to northeast corner of the county, a tunnel valley-outwash
complex extending from just north of Willmar to the area around New London, and a set of smaller outwash features south of Atwater. By under- Skataas
Lake
standing the glacial source of the deposit, quality issues can be predicted and assessed. Based on the source area, quality issues typically associated Borrow Pit
with Des Moines lobe sand and gravel include higher amounts of shale and limestone that can make certain deposits unsuitable for concrete applica-
tions. In general, the amounts of shale observed within Kandiyohi County appear to decrease from the southwest to the northeast. 36
31 36 31 +
92
Swan 36 31 36 31
Small Gravel Pit
Lake Borrow Pit
CLASSIFYING SAND AND GRAVEL POTENTIAL BASEMAP AND RESOURCE SYMBOLS
Characterizing aggregate resources in Saint
Symbols may appear in different shades because of the
Kandiyohi County’s geologic landforms overlaying sand and gravel resource map units + 54 Johns
1 6
+
127

Sand and gravel resources were divided into four categories Transportation Features
6
+7 Pennock Lake 1 6 Willmar +8 1 6
Small Gravel Pit (ASIS) Lp
1
Sand and Gravel Features
based on the type of geologic feature, probability (certainty),
18 MN Highway
)
12 Borrow Pit

+
24 Lake
Atwater
sand and gravel thickness, overburden thickness, deposit size    Gravel Pits
(areal extent), textural characteristics (grain size distribution), 12
County Highways $2
+
Large Gravel Pit (ASIS)

quality (soundness and durability), and the sediment description DD

D D ASIS Gravel Pits
 and Roads Foot Lake
as observed in the field (see definitions of terms in Footnotes).

Very Small Small Medium Large Township and +
41
)
12
For example, a classified landform, such as an ice contact
<1 Ac. 1-5 Ac. 5-15 Ac. > 15 Ac. Other Roads Small Gravel Pit (ASIS)
Kandiyohi
Ã
T. 1 1 9 N .

T. 1 1 9 N .
Very Small Gravel Pit
feature, typically contains sand and gravel. The resource has a D Sand Pits Municipal Roads Hp
Mp Very Small Gravel Pit (ASIS) Lp

high probability of containing aggregate when the landform has

gravel pits located within its boundaries, sand and gravel is I
 Borrow Pits Railroad Tracks
Small Gravel Pit (ASIS)

Lp Medium Gravel Pit

+
133

Bounding Features
Willmar
Large Gravel Pit (ASIS)
observed at or near the surface, and sand and gravel is encoun-
tered in surrounding water wells. Historical laboratory test . Prospects County +
116
Large Gravel Pit (ASIS) Large Gravel Pit
Hp

results of aggregate quality are compiled, interpreted, and Borrow Pit

PLS Townships
extrapolated from MnDOT pit sheets. In addition to MnDOT
quality data, observations of quality characteristics are assessed
Field Observations
PLS Sections
)
40
+
23
Large Gravel Pit

during field work. Thickness of overburden and sand and gravel

"
) Sand and Gravel
County Seat & Cities
Ltd
+
55 Small Gravel Pit (ASIS) Mp
Large Gravel Pit (ASIS)
Hp

were determined from observations and water well information. #

For example, if a deposit has areal extent greater than 15 acres,
* Sand County Seat Borrow Pit
Small Gravel Pit
$ Borrow Pit Medium Gravel Pit

has thickness greater than 10 feet, has overburden thickness of (

! Till Cities Lp Mp Small Gravel Pit
Large Gravel Pit (ASIS)
Borrow Pit

10 feet or less, has moderately high quality, moderately good Physical Features
Medium
Gravel Pits
(ASIS)
Very Small Gravel Pit +
23
Large Gravel Pit

texture, and an existing gravel pit, then the resource is classified Silt
E

Lakes Small Gravel Pits

as having high potential (Table 1).

Aggregate Potential Rivers and Streams
+ 1 Small Gravel Pit
) 23
+
86
CHIPPEWA COUNTY

The areas classified as nonsignificant sand and gravel resource Ditches Borrow Pit
Mennetaga
Hp High
potential meet the low or limited potential criteria listed in Table
1. Deposits that are too small in areal extent; are too thin; have
Topographic Relief +
87 Prospect + 19 Borrow Pit

Mp Moderate Lake

MEEKER COUNTY
Hillshade Very Small Gravel Pits Kasota Lake
too thick of overburden; contain significantly more sand than Borrow Pit
36 31
Borrow Pit 36 31 Lp
gravel; lack identified resources; or do not meet quality specifica- Lp
Low Azimuth = 315 Lp 36
31
Very Small Gravel Pit Lp 36
tions are in these categories. Altitude = 345 Lp 31
Very Small Gravel Pit
Ltd Limited Lake
Medium Gravel Pit (ASIS) 1
1
Nonsignificant: Aggregate resources that do Elizabeth
SIGNIFICANT RESOURCES NONSIGNIFICANT RESOURCES 1
Characteristics High Potential Moderate Potential Low Potential Limited Potential
Alluvial valley; outwash Collapse feature; arcuate
not meet the criteria for high or moderate aggre-
gate potential according to the characteristics
6 1 6
) 71
Lake Wakanda
Lp 1 6 1
Outwash feature; ice Alluvial valley; outwash feature; ice contact Medium Gravel Pit (ASIS)

Surficial Geology contact feature; feature; ice contact feature; arcuate depressions; end/later- listed in Table 1. This is a relative classification Medium Gravel Pits (ASIS)

Features interlobate complex;

and tunnel valley
feature; lateral/end
moraine complex;
interlobate complex; and
depression; end/lateral
moraine complex;
interlobate complex;
al/ground moraine;
interlobate complex;
tunnel valley
that changes from one mapping region to anoth-
er.
Lp
Lp +
85
Large Gravel Pit (ASIS) Lp

Predominant
tunnel valley

Sand and gravel to

tunnel valley

Till, silt, sand with

2
Probability: The degree of certainty that aggre-
gate exists within a map unit largely defined by
Borrow Pit
Medium Gravel Pit (ASIS)

Prospect
Borrow Pit
Very Small Gravel Pit (ASIS)
Small Gravel Pit
+
123 +
119
Medium Gravel Pit (ASIS)
Medium Gravel Pit Mp Lp
Sediment Sand and gravel Till, clay, silt, sand, Small Gravel Pit
Description sand with gravel minor gravel organics the amount of available information. Many Mp
Borrow Pit

)
Small Gravel Pit (ASIS)
gravel pits verify the certainty for many map 23 Medium Gravel Pit
Moderately high Moderately low to
Probability2
to very high moderately high Low to moderate Low to moderately
low
units classified as high potential.
3
Overburden: The material that lies above the Lp
+
20

Sand and Gravel sand and gravel that must be removed to access a Lp Lp

+
Borrow Pit
Thickness 10-50+ 0-30+ 0-20+ 0-20 deposit. 7
(in feet) 4
Areal Extent: The size, horizontal extent, or
distribution of a unit (e.g., area in acres). This
Lp +3
Overburden3
+8
Borrow Pit

Thickness 0-10 0-15+ 0-50+ 0-50+ attribute does not necessarily reflect the size of Lp
+84
T. 1 1 8 N .

(in feet) an individual polygon but the size of a deposit

Sand and Gravel
Deposit Size
Moderately large
to very large(15-30+
Moderately small to
moderately large
Small to moderately
large (3-15 acres)
Very small to
moderately small
found within that polygon.
5
Textural Characteristics: Particle size distribu-
Lp Lp
Medium Gravel Pit
Lp
+
123

(areal extent4) acres) (5-15+ acres) (<1-10+ acres) tion, defined as the percentage of gravel or sand Small Gravel Pit

T. 1 1 8 N .
Sand and Gravel vs. silt or clay (e.g., sieve analysis). Raymond Lp
Very Small Gravel Pit

Textural
Moderately good to
good
Moderate to
moderately good
Poor to moderate Very poor to
moderately poor
6
Quality: The physical characteristics of the Lp Very Small Gravel Pit +
134
Characteristics5 material, such as soundness, durability (Los
Angeles Rattler test), and percent of deleterious
Lp +3 Lp
Sand and Gravel Moderate to Moderate to Very low to Lp
Quality6 moderately high moderately high
Low to moderate moderately low rock types such as iron oxide, disintegrating rock, ro
w $
+
18
C

or unsound chert. Field observations supple-

ment historic data.
Whitefield Big Ri
ve
r
ou
Table 1: Classification of Sand and Gravel Potential
S

Lp th
Kandiyohi Fo
rk +4
SAND AND GRAVEL POTENTIAL: Sand and gravel potential is an assessment of the relative probability that a sand and gravel deposit exists +
132
within a given mapping unit. Almost all emphasis is placed upon geologic evidence, physical parameters such as areal extent, and interpretation at the
36 31
+
44 Lake
36 31 36
reconnaissance level, rather than upon economic feasibility, site-specific level of evaluation, or other related parameters. This assessment does not 31
Lp
31
imply that economic aggregate deposits exist everywhere within a given map unit designated as “Sand and Gravel Potential,” but rather, that within 36
such a map unit, geologic processes were active that could have created aggregate deposits within certain map units. Geologic measurements of sand
+
136
$2
+
and gravel deposits such as thickness or overburden remain constant, but economic criteria and environmental permitting vary across time and at +82
Lp
+ 83

different locations. Important site-specific factors such as ownership, zoning, protected waters and wetlands, sensitive or protected environments, 6
1 6
permitting, distance to markets, royalties, and individual site characteristics, such as access, all contribute to the feasibility of mining specific parcels; 6 1 6 1 1
however, these factors are not considered in this reconnaissance-level study. Lp Very Small Gravel Pit
Lake
SIGNIFICANT POTENTIAL FOR SAND AND GRAVEL RESOURCES: Geologic units that are inferred to contain sand and gravel Very Small Gravel Pit
+
80 +
16 +
17

resource potential. These units have data exhibiting geologic characteristics associated with sand and gravel-bearing landforms. Existing gravel pit and Lillian
MnDOT aggregate sources within these units are considered to be identified, or known resources, that increase the level of confidence for that map-
ping unit. +
11 Very Small Gravel Pit
+
129
Hp High Sand and Gravel Potential: Includes landforms such as outwash features, ice contact features, interlobate features and tunnel + 7 Lp
Lp
valleys. Predominant sediment typically consists of sand and gravel. The probability2 that a potential sand and gravel resource exists within any map
+
T. 1 1 7 N .

unit is moderately high to very high. Deposit thickness ranges from 10-50+ feet with less than 10 feet of overburden3. The sand and gravel resources
50
+5 Blomkest Lake Lillian

T. 1 1 7 N .
occurring in this unit are moderately large to very large in areal extent4 and the textural characteristics5 are moderately good to good. The quality6 is
moderate to moderately high relative to other sand and gravel resources within Kandiyohi County. Roseland )
71
+
52

Mp Moderate Sand and Gravel Potential: Includes landforms such as alluvial valleys, outwash features, ice contact features, end/lateral
)7 )7
moraines, interlobate features and tunnel valleys. Predominant sediment ranges from sand with gravel to sand and gravel. The probability that a Prinsburg Very Small Gravel Pit (ASIS)

potential sand and gravel resource exists within any map unit is moderately low to moderately high. Deposit thickness is typically greater than 10 feet, Lp
but in some landforms can range from 0-30+ feet with 0-15+ feet of overburden. The sand and gravel resources occurring in this unit are moderately
small to moderately large in areal extent and the textural characteristics are moderate to moderately good. The quality is typically moderate to moder- Lp
Very Small Gravel Pit
ately high relative to other sand and gravel resources within Kandiyohi County. +
78 Lp

NONSIGNIFICANT1 SAND AND GRAVEL POTENTIAL: Units that generally have little or no potential for significant aggregate resources Lp

+
Prospect
Small Gravel Pit 122
or lack sufficient data to support a classification of significant aggregate resources. These units typically contain clay, silt, fine sand, unsorted Very Small Gravel Pit

sediments (till), or very thin layers of sand and gravel. Units may include aggregate resources that are too small to map or with significant overburden. +
74

Lp Low Sand and Gravel Potential: Includes landforms such as alluvial valleys, outwash features, ice contact features, moraines, interlobate +
75
Lp
Very Small Gravel Pit
+
77

features and tunnel valleys. Predominant sediment varies and can include till, silt, and sand with minor gravel. The probability that a potential sand Very Small Gravel Pit

and gravel resource exists within any map unit is low to moderate. Deposit thickness typically is less than 20 feet, but can range from 0-20+ feet with
Very Small Gravel Pit 36 31 36 31 36
31 Medium Gravel Pit (ASIS)
36 31
overburden thickness ranging from 0-50+ feet. The sand and gravel resources occurring in this unit are small to moderately large in areal extent and Very Small Gravel Pit
Lp
Medium Gravel Pits (ASIS) Small Gravel Pit
the textural characteristics are poor to moderate. The quality ranges from low to moderate relative to other sand and gravel resources within Kandiyo- Small Gravel Pit (ASIS) Prospect

hi County.
Ltd Limited Sand and Gravel Potential: Includes landforms such as collapse features, arcuate depressions, moraines, interlobate features,
R . 3 6 W. R . 3 5 W. RENVILLE COUNTY R . 3 4 W. R . 3 3 W.
and tunnel valleys. The deposits of this unit contain all or one of the following: clay with boulders (till), clay, silt, sand, and/or gravel. The probability
that a significant sand and gravel resource exists within this unit is low to moderately low. The thickness of the deposits is typically less than 10 feet
! ! ! !!! !!! !!
!! ! !!
!!
!!!! ! ! !! BASE MAP DATA SOURCES: 0 0.5 1 2 3 4 5 REFERENCES:
but can range from 0-20+ feet with overburden thickness ranging from 0-50+ feet. The sand and gravel resources occurring in this unit are very small !!
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to moderately small in areal extent and textural characteristics are very poor to moderately poor. The quality ranges from very low to moderately low
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!! !! !!! ! ! 0 0.5 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Arends, H.E., 2005. Aggregate Resources, Sand and Gravel Resources, Meeker County,
Lakes, rivers, streams, and drainage ditches from MN DNR PWI (Public Waters Inven-
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relative to other sand and gravel resources within Kandiyohi County. A limited potential rating includes the circumstance where characteristics are
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tory), 2020; PLS (Public Land Survey) townships and sections layers extracted from
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unknown; there was insufficient data to give a higher ranking; limited access to an area for further investigation; and/or no obvious landform-sedi-
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sion of Lands and Minerals, Scale 1:100,000 with digital data.
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Printed Map Scale 1:63,360
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PLS Project, 2013, MN DNR, Division of Lands and Minerals; Cities were by the Min-
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http://minarchive.dnr.state.mn.us/mpes/364/meek_platea.pdf
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ment association.
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1” = 1 Mile
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nesota Geospatial Information Office (MnGeo). A selected subset of these was used
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Based on a 1:50,000 scale MN DNR resource assessment
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Arends, H.E., Ellingson, J.B., 2012. Aggregate Resources, Sand and Gravel Resources,
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for this map, MnGeo 2017; County boundaries from MN DNR, derived from combi-
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IDENTIFIED SAND AND GRAVEL RESOURCES: Several sources of information were used to identify gravel pit locations including topo-
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Stearns County, Minnesota. Report 362, Plate A. Minnesota Department of Natural
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nation of 1:24,000 scale PLS lines, 1:100,000 scale TIGER, 1:100,000 scale DLG, and
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graphic maps, aerial photographs, soil surveys, MnDOT files, fieldwork, gravel operators, and other sources. Gravel mines range in size from less than !! !! !!!!
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Resources, Division of Lands and Minerals, Scale 1:100,000 with digital data.
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1:24,000 hydrography lines, 2013; Roads from MnDOT Base map, 2012; Railroad
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1 acre to greater than 50 acres and may be active, inactive, reclaimed or partially reclaimed. The sand and gravel quality vary. Pits were placed in a cate-
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https://files.dnr.state.mn.us/lands_minerals/stearns_sandandgravel_webmap.pdf
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Tracks from MnDOT Base map, 2015; Topographic relief or hillshade created from a
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gory based on the relative areal extent of the total mining footprint as of 2020. The size of some fully reclaimed pits was estimated using historic
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1-meter LiDAR from MN DNR and MnGeo, 2012.
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aerial photographs.
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Anderson, H.E., 2003. Aggregate Resources, Sand and Gravel Resources, Renville
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County, Minnesota. Report 363, Plate A. Minnesota Department of Natural Resourc-
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 Gravel Pits: Includes sites that have been or are currently being mined.
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ADDITIONAL RESOURCES:
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es, Division of Lands and Minerals, Scale 1:100,000 with digital data.
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n = 120 n = 49 n = 21 n = 12 ! ! ! ! ! !
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https://files.dnr.state.mn.us/lands_minerals/re_plateA.pdf
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Gravel Pits - MnDOT ASIS: Sites were identified by MnDOT as part of the Aggregate Source Information System
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This map was compiled from resources published in digital formats to the Minnesota
(ASIS). Although identified as a potential resource location, sites have not necessarily been mined or geologically
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Hamilton, J.D., Bauer, E.J., Chandler, V.W., Steenberg, J.R., Staley, A.E., 2019. C-46,
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n=3 n = 17 n = 22 n = 21 ! ! !!! ! ! ! !
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evaluated. Some locations were modified to better correlate to present gravel pit boundaries. ! !
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Geospatial Commons and MN DNR website. Updates and web map tools may be
Geologic Atlas of Kandiyohi County, Minnesota. Minnesota Geological Survey.
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found at these websites:
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Retrieved from the University of Minnesota Digital Conservancy, https://hdl.han-
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Ã
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Sand Pit – MnDOT ASIS: Site contains significant amount of sand with little to no gravel and was identified by MnDOT as part of ASIS. ! !! ! ! !
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https://gisdata.mn.gov/dataset/geos-aggregate-mapping
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dle.net/11299/202737
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Although identified as a potential resource location, site has not necessarily been mined or geologically evaluated
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https://www.dnr.state.mn.us/lands_minerals/aggregate_maps/index.html
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Patterson, C.J., 1994. Regional hydrogeologic assessment: Quaternary geology-south-
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Borrow Pits: Contains other unconsolidated sediment like clay, silt, and clay with boulders and do not contain significant amounts of sand
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and/or gravel. Include sites that have been or are currently being mined. !! !
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! ! GIS Support and Cartography by James Olson, MN DNR, Division of Lands and western Minnesota. Minnesota Geological Survey.
n = 37 !! !
Retrieved from the University of Minnesota Digital Conservancy, https://hdl.han-
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Minerals.
dle.net/11299/122058
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MAP AND DATA DISCLAIMER:
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Prospects: Indicates a site that has been prospected and/or leased by MnDOT. A prospected classification does not necessarily imply that
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The State of Minnesota makes no representations or warranties express or implied,
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the source is actually producing aggregate. In fact, it may only indicate an aggregate deposit that was at one time leased by MnDOT and ! !
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Patterson, C.J., 1999. Quaternary geology-upper Minnesota River basin, Minnesota,
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n = 31 !
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with respect to the use of the information contained herein regardless of its format or
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whose aggregate quality has been tested, but from which no material has ever been excavated. ! ! ! !
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Part A. Minnesota Geological Survey.
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Locator Map: Kandiyohi County
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the means of its transmission. There is no guarantee or representation to the user as to
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Retrieved from the University of Minnesota Digital Conservancy, https://hdl.han-
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GEOLOGIC DATA SOURCES FOR MAP UNIT INTERPRETATION: Field observations, County Well Index (CWI) database, Quaternary Data !!!
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the accuracy, currency, suitability, completeness, usefulness, or reliability of this infor-
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County Seat: Willmar
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dle.net/11299/59765
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Index (QDI), and MnDOT Aggregate Prospecting System (APS) material data were information sources used in the interpretation of sand and !!! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! !
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mation for any purpose. The user accepts the information “as is." The State of Minne-
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gravel potential. sota assumes no responsibility for loss or damage incurred as a result of any user’s Setterholm, D.R., 1995. Quaternary geology-Southwestern Minnesota, Part A. Minne-
Field Observations: A total of 67 field observations were logged throughout the course of the project. Pits were Figure 2: CWI Locations reliance on this information. All maps, reports, data, and other information contained sota Geological Survey.
"
) Sand and Gravel Retrieved from the University of Minnesota Digital Conservancy, https://hdl.han-
also inventoried and include a total of 265 gravel pits, 1 sand pit, and 37 borrow pits. Surficial geologic sediment and The CWI is an online database maintained by the Minnesota Geological Survey and herein are protected by copyright. Permission is granted to copy and use the materials
# Sand
* herein for any lawful noncommercial purpose. Any user of this information agrees not dle.net/11299/59763
glacial stratigraphy were observed in road cuts; stream exposures; excavations, such as judicial ditches, construction the Minnesota Department of Health. Figure 2 displays the 6,431wells (as of 02/21)
projects, and (cable, pipe, tiling); and animal holes. Field observations of gravel pits and sand pits are shown on the located within Kandiyohi County that were referenced to create this map. There are to transmit or provide access to all or any part of this information to another party Whitehall, M.F., 2002. Moraines of the Bonanza Valley-West central Minnesota, USA:
(
! Till
map as Gravel Pits and Sand Pits (See Identified Sand and Gravel Resources). Field observations are symbolized by an additional 121 unlocated wells also referenced for this map though not shown here. unless the user shall include with the information a copy of this disclaimer. Minneapolis, University of Minnesota, M.S. thesis
Silt primary material type observed. Unlocated wells have not been field verified by the MGS for location accuracy
E

Products of this project include print maps, GIS data, web services, and metadata
Copyright 2021, State of Minnesota, Department of Natural Resources Plate A, Report 383, Kandiyohi County Aggregate Resources, Sand and Gravel Potential