Advances in Intelligent Systems Research (AISR), volume 144

2017 International Conference on Education and Technology (2017 ICEduTech)

User Acceptance Study on Academic Information

System in University XYZ

Darmawan Napitupulu Robbi Rahim

Research Center for Quality System and Testing School of Computer and Communication Engineering
Technology Universiti Malaysia Perlis
Indonesian Institute of Sciences [email protected]
Tangerang Selatan, Indonesia
[email protected]
Heri Nurdiyanto
Informatics Engineering Departement
Rahmi Kartika Jati STMIK Dharma Wacana
Research Center for Quality System and Testing Lampung, Indonesia
Technology [email protected]
Indonesian Institute of Sciences
Tangerang Selatan, Indonesia
[email protected] Wahyuddin Albra
Departement of Accounting
Universitas Malikussaleh
Janner Simarmata Aceh, Indonesia
State University of Medan [email protected]
Medan, Indonesia
[email protected]
Dahlan Abdullah
Department of Informatics
Leon Andretti Abdillah Universitas Malikussaleh
Departement of Information Systems Aceh, Indonesia
Universitas Bina Darma [email protected]
Palembang, Indonesia
[email protected]
Rahmat Hidayat
Department of Information Technology
Muhammad Ikhsan Setiawan Politeknik Negeri Padang
Narotama University, Indonesia Padang, Indonesia
[email protected] [email protected]

Ansari Saleh Ahmar Cut Ita Erliana

Departement of Statistics Departement of Industrial
Universitas Negeri Makassar Universitas Malikussaleh
Makassar, Indonesia Aceh, Indonesia
[email protected] [email protected]

Abstract—Impact advancement of Information Technology information system that was developed to reflect the quality of
and Communication (ICT) has changed the work culture of the the management of a college. Implementation of academic
organization including universities. The management of the information systems at XYZ University has been running more
academic process in higher education becomes very important than 5 (five) years but had never done an evaluation related to
because the core competencies that must be owned for ensuring user acceptance. This study aimed to evaluate the extent of the
the quality of education provided. ICT is believed to be able to environmental acceptability of the user in the organization with
provide support in managing academic processes effectively and the approach of TAM (Technology Acceptance Model). The
efficiently, one through the existence of academic information results showed the perceived ease of use (perceived ease of use)
systems has become a necessity for college and even academic and usefulness (perceived usefulness) positive significant effect on

Copyright © 2018, the Authors. Published by Atlantis Press. 240

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/).
 Advances in Intelligent Systems Research (AISR), volume 144

the interest the usage behavior (behavioral intention) where the negligent in the process of academic registration will be subject
perceived ease of use is more dominant than the perception of to sanctions such as academic leave, etc.
usefulness.
The largest users of academic information systems are
Keywords—academic information system; user acceptance; students, so the largest data that is also used as an evaluation
ease of use; usefulness; TAM material is students. Students have a high level of
intellectuality and curiosity and tend not to be afraid to try new
I. INTRODUCTION things including trying technology (academic information
system). They also have the knowledge and willingness to
Impact of advances in Information and Communication learn to use technology. Based on the explanation, the students
Technology (ICT) has changed the work culture of should have no difficulty in receiving academic information
organizations including universities. The management of system, especially at XYZ University.
academic process in universities becomes very important
because it is the core competence that must be owned to Assessment of user acceptance of academic information
guarantee the quality of education provided. The utilization and system is necessary because the technology without
integration of ICT in the academic process is believed to accompanying user acceptance will cause the utilization rate
improve the effectiveness and efficiency of the academic will be low [1].
process itself [10]. In order to improve the quality of education, These conditions lead to information and communication
ICT has proven able to provide support in managing academic technology will not provide benefits, but instead even lead to
process effectively and efficiently [7,15]. Academic inefficiency, disintegration, and complexity, both at the
information system has become a necessity for universities and individual level or organizational level. In addition, academic
even academic information system developed can reflect the information system that high acceptance of course can provide
quality of management of a college. quality services to users (students) which in turn have an
University must have an information system prepared to impact on increasing the value of the organization. The
support the management and improvement of academic acceptance of users of academic information systems can be
program quality. The information system of a university used as an evaluation of the implementation of ICT is able to
consists of data collection, analysis, storage, retrieval, provide more value for the organization or vice versa.
presentation of data and information as well as communication Thus this study aims to evaluate the extent to which user’s
with interested parties that are built centrally at the university acceptance of academic information system (SIAKAD) is
level known as integrated information system. In other words implemented. The evaluation results can be input and
can be said systematic academic information systematic, recommendations for the organization to improve the quality of
accurate, valid, effective, and efficient indicate that the college its services based on technology.
is managed professionally. Assessment of good and bad an
academic information system provided by users (students,
lecturers, education personnel). II. THEORY

Implementation of academic information system at XYZ A. TAM (Technology Acceptance Model)

University has been running for more than 5 (five) years but Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) is a model used to
has not been evaluated related to user acceptance of academic measure the extent to which the level of user acceptance of a
information system that has been implemented. User technology, especially information technology. The TAM
acceptance becomes very important to support the success of a model was originally developed by Davis (1989) based on the
technology or information system. This is because acceptability TRA (Theory of Reasoned Action) model to cover gaps that
can predict the utilization rate of the technology in the future explain factors that influence or encourage users using
[1]. If the utilization rate is high then it is said that the technology. In his research, Davis (1989) proposed two key
technology or information system implemented has been factors of user behavior of technology on the acceptance or
successful [3,17,18]. Academic information systems provide adoption of the technology. The two key factors are ease of use
information and services to users, especially students in order and usefulness, both of which are believed to predict attitudes
to assist the academic process and lectures for all academic or behavior in using technology. In other words, the two factors
community. Information and services provided ranging from simultaneously affect the desire to use and then affect the use
academic registration (KRS), financial registration, of the system or technology [6]. Based on the results of
guardianship, scheduling courses, scholarships and study cards research conducted Davis (1989), the two factors or variables
(KHS). Feature found in siakad felt can overcome various are proven to significantly affect user acceptance of
problems that happened before in college especially about technology. It is also supported by many other studies or
student academic activity. For example before there is online studies where empirically it has been proved its validity
registration of KRS, students have difficulties in registering [2,12,13,14]. In other words the TAM model has been tested
because they have to come to the campus and meet the can measure the acceptance of technology based on the persepi
guardian lecturer to ask for approval. With siakad, students can users.
perform KRS academic registration easily and quickly. It also
improves student discipline on charging KRS which can only The TAM model becomes the basis for evaluation of user
be done at certain period of time. If students are late or behavior in using technology that can be presented in Figure 1.

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III. STATE OF THE ART

The technology acceptance model (TAM) is a model that
has been used extensively in various domains such as business,
government to education that utilize information technology in
its business processes. In the field of education, there are
already a number of researchers who use TAM to explain user
acceptance of technologies such as e-learning, multimedia
learning technologies, digital libraries, e-journals and even
academic information systems.
For the case of e-learning, research conducted by Park
(2009) on a number of university students in Korea related
Fig. 1. Technology Acceptance Model (Davis, 1989) interest in using e-learning. The results of his research
membahikan that TAM is a suitable theory to understand the
Based on Figure 1 above, it can be seen that technology acceptance of e-learning users. The two variables ie ease of use
users will have an interest in using technology (interest in (ease of use) and usefulness (influenceness) have a significant
behavior) if they feel the system or technology is useful and effect on student interest using (behavioral intention to use) e-
easy to use. TAM believes that the use of technology can learning. In addition there are other studies that use TAM in the
improve the performance of a person or organization, and context of e-learning [1,4].
provide convenience for users in completing their work [5]. In
other words the cause of rejection by technology users can be In addition to e-learning, TAM utilization is also applied to
predicted from these factors. If you see the TAM model above the development of multimedia learning technologies such as
there are five pieces of constructs or variables consisting of: those conducted by Syafrizal (2015) and Wijaya (206). In
research Wijaya (2016), conducted a study of user acceptance
1) Perceived usefulness. of Google technology (Google Clasroom) on STT Musi
Perceived usefulness is defined as the extent to which a Palembang. The result of the research shows perception of ease
person believes that using a technology will improve the of use and perception of goodness individually and together
performance of his work [6,11]. From this definition, it is have significant effect on the use of Google Classroom.
known that perceived usefulness (belief) is a belief (belief)
about the decision-making process. Thus if one feels confident In the context of digital libraries and e-journals, some
that a technology is useful then he will use it. Conversely, if researchers have also used the TAM model to examine factors
one believes that a technology is less useful then he will not affecting user acceptance of digital libraries (Thong, 2004;
use it. Kim, 2005). According to Thong (2004), one's acceptance of
digital library technology influences its utilization rate in the
2) Perceived ease of use. future.
Perceived ease of use is defined as the extent to which a
person believes that using a technology will be free of effort While in the context of academic information system
[6,11]. From the definition, it is known that perceived ease of (siakad) as did Riskadewi (2007) who look for picture of
use is also a belief (belief) about the decision-making process academic information system of Universitas Airlangga Cyber
where one feels confident that a technology is easy to use then Campus (UACC) from FISIP lecturer perspective of Airlangga
he will use it. Conversely, if one believes that a technology is University. The results showed descriptively, UACC academic
not easy to use then he will not use it. information system can be accepted by lecturers to support the
process of learning activities. Still the lack of user acceptance
3) Attitude towards using technology. study especially in academic information system application
Attitudes toward behavior are defined by Davis et al. hence this research aim to perform measurement of user
(1989) as the positive or negative feelings of a person if they acceptance to academic information system (SIAKAD) at XYZ
have to perform the behavior to be determined. Attitudes University in order to evaluate its utilization in organization
toward behavior are also defined by Mathieson (1991) as a user environment.
evaluation of the relevance of using the system [11].
4) Behavioral intention to use. IV. METHOD
Behavioral intention is a desire of someone to perform a This research is a correlational research, which according to
certain behavior. Someone will do a behaviour if they have a Gay (in Sukardi, 2008: 165) is a study with data collection to
desire or intention to do so [16]. determine the relationship and level of relationship between
two variables or more. The method of collecting data in this
5) Actual system use.
study is a survey based on questionnaires to measure user
Behavior is an action performed by a person. In the context
acceptance of academic information system in XYZ University
of the use of technology systems, behavior is the actual use of
so that can know the correlation between perceived ease of use
technology [16].
and perceptions of usefulness with interest in the use of
SIAKAD behavior. The questionnaire was designed with TAM
(Technology Acceptance Model) approach and distributed to
150 respondents selected by purposive sampling. Respondent

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in this research is student in XYZ university with criterion at TABLE I. OPERATIONAL VARIABLES OF TAM RESEARCH
least in semester 2 (two) because assumed the respondent have No Variables Indicators
used academic information system (SIAKAD) for example for 1 Perceived Usefulness (X1) Work Accelerate (X1.1)
academic registration, course schedule information, study Performance Accelerate (X1.2)
result card, etc. Productivity Increase (X1.3)
Effectiveness (X1.4)
Respondents were asked to give their level of agreement to Work Simplify (X1.5)
any statement regarding user acceptance to academic Beneficial (X1.6)
information system consisting of 4 Likert scales ie 1 = 2 Perceived Ease of Use (X2) Easy to Learn (X2.1)
"strongly disagree", 2 = "disagree", 3 = "agree" and 4 = Controlled (X2.2)
"strongly agree". Clear and Understandable (X2.3)
Flexibility (X2.4)
The TAM model as mentioned previously consists of five Easy to be Skilled (X2.5)
constructs: perception of ease of use, perception of expediency, Easy to Use (X2.6)
attitudes toward usage, interest in usage behavior and actual 3 Behavioral Intention (Y1) Use Motivation (Y1.1)
Addition of IT Support Software
system usage [6]. But over time TAM models are widely used (Y1.2)
and developed by other researchers. Gahtani (2001) modified Encouraging Other Users (Y1.3)
the TAM model by combining the behavior interest interest
variable with the actual use of the system into the acceptance
variable. Therefore in this study TAM model that will be Hypothesis testing in this study using multiple linear
studied following [8] is as follows: regression analysis with the help of SPSS tool to process data
from respondents who provide an assessment of the
questionnaire in Likert scale. The general equation of multiple
linear regression can be presented as follows:
Y = a + b1X1 + b2X2 + e ……….. (1)
Where, Y is Acceptance (acceptance); a is Direct relation of
independent and bound variable; b1 is Perceived usefulness
towards perceived behavior; b2 is Perceived ease of use against
behavioral interests; e is Residue error
The purpose of multiple linear regression technique is to
estimate the magnitude of parameters a, b1 and b2 as
regression coefficients of the above research model [9].
Fig. 2. Research Model
V. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Based on the above research model then there are several
hypotheses to be tested are: A. Instrument Validity and Reliability
H1: Perceived usefulness has a significant positive effect on At the data collection stage, the questionnaire was
behavioral intention. distributed to 168 respondents but there were only 150
H2: Perceived ease of use has a significant positive effect questionnaires that could be used for the analysis phase. This is
on behavioral intention. because there are some incomplete data or missing data in the
questionnaire filling. Thus only complete questionnaire data
H3: Perceived ease of use has a significant positive effect were used in this study. Before the questionnaire data is
on perceived usefulness. processed and analyzed, the validity and reliability of the
instrument must be tested first to test the instrument used has
H4: Perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use
been feasible and meets the specified requirements.
together have a significant effect on behavioral intention.
The results of validity test questionnaire in this study can be
The TAM model in this study consists of two independent
seen from the coefficient of validity of the instrument that is
variables namely perceived usefulness and perceived ease of
the value of rhitung (corrected item-total correlation), where if
use and one dependent variable namely acceptance. Perceived
rhitung larger than rtabel then the indicator (statement) is said
usefulness has 6 indicators of measurement, perceived ease of
valid [3] which can be presented in Table II Test Results
use also consists of 6 indicators while the acceptance variable
Validity of the following Instruments.
has 4 indicators which can be seen in Table I as follows:
Based on the Table II can be seen that each indicator / item
of measurement has a value rhitung greater than rtabel (0.3).
Thus the overall indicator or item of measurement can be said
to be valid because it has met the requirements (> 0.3).

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TABLE II. INSTRUMENT VALIDITY TESTING RESULTS In this study there are five hypotheses tested first, whether
Corrected Item- perceived usefulness (influence perceived usefulness) influence
No Indicators Total Correlation Explanation significant positive effect on behavioral interest of use
(result) (behavioral intention); second, whether perceived ease of use
Perceived Usefulness (X1) has a significant positive effect on behavioral intention; third,
1 Work Accelerate (X1.1) 0.376 Valid whether perceived ease of use has a significant positive effect
2 Performance Accelerate 0.435 Valid
(X1.2)
on perceived usefulness and fourth, whether perceived
3 Productivity Increase (X1.3) 0.577 Valid usefulness and perceived ease of use have a significant effect
4 Effectiveness (X1.4) 0.620 Valid simultaneously on interest in behavioral use (behavioral
5 Work Simplify (X1.5) 0.603 Valid intention).
6 Beneficial (X1.6) 0.590 Valid
Perceived Ease of Use (X2)
1 Easy to Learn (X2.1) 0.508 Valid TABLE IV. INDIVIDUAL SIGNIFICANCE TEST RESULTS (T TEST)
2 Controlled (X2.2) 0.577 Valid
3 Clear and Understandable 0.461 Valid Standardize
(X2.3) Unstandardized d
4 Flexibility (X2.4) 0.641 Valid Coefficients Coefficients
5 Easy to be Skilled (X2.5) 0.636 Valid
6 Easy to Use (X2.6) 0.510 Valid Model B Std. Error Beta t Sig.
Behavioral Intention (Y1) 1 (Constant
.916 .301 3.046 .003
1 Use Motivation (Y1.1) 0.588 Valid )
2 Addition of IT Support 0.583 Valid Usefulnes
Software (Y1.2) .339 .083 .317 4.080 .000
s
3 Encouraging Other Users 0.611 Valid Ease of
(Y1.3) .453 .081 .436 5.597 .000
use

a.
Reliability testing questionnaire in this study was a. Dependent Variable: Behavior_Intention

conducted with cronbach alpha on each variable. According

Ghozali (2002), cronbach alpha technique is a technique that Based on Table IV can be generated multiple linear
will show the index of internal consistency that is accurate, regression equation that is:
fast, and economical. The instrument is said to meet reliability
Y = 0.916 + 0.339X1 + 0.453X2
if the value of cronbach alpha is greater than 0.60. Reliability
test results of the questionnaire can be presented in Table III as The multiple linear regression equation can be concluded
follows. the relationship between independent variable and dependent
variable that is perceived usefulness variable has positive
TABLE III. INSTRUMENT RELIABILITY TEST RESULTS
regression coefficient equal to 0339. This means that perceived
usefulness is directly proportional to behavioral intention. In
No Variables Cronbach Alpha other words, if the benefits of perceived technology are high
1 Perceived Usefulness (X1) 0.795 then interest in usage behavior will be high as well.
2 Perceived Ease of Use (X2) 0.786
Meanwhile, the ease of use variable (perceived ease of use)
3 Behavioral Intention (Y1) 0.749
also has a positive regression coefficient of 0.453. This means
that perceived ease of use is also directly proportional with
Based on Table III it can be shown that each research behavioral interest in use (behavioral intention). In other
variable is acceptance, perception of usability and perception of words, if the perceived technology is easier to use then the
ease of use meet the reliable element. This is evidenced by the interest in the use behavior will also be high against the
value of Cronbach alpha as reliability coefficient for behavioral technology. When compared to the regression coefficients of
intention interest variable of 0.749, perceived usefulness of the two independent variables i.e. perceived ease of use and
0.786 and perceived ease of use of 0.795. Overall, the perceived usefulness, it can be said that the more dominant
reliability coefficient obtained is 0.889. The results of variable of influence on user acceptance is perceived ease of
Cronbach alpha is greater than 0.60 as a condition that the use.
instrument can be said reliable. Thus the instrument in this
In addition, in Table IV above, we can show the results of
study is valid and reliable because it meets the minimum
the individual significance test (t test) that the probability
requirements.
significance for the perceived usefulness variable is 0.000
(<0.05) and the tcount is 4,080 (> ttable). This means that the
B. Hypothesis testing first hypothesis (H1) is acceptable, that perceived usefulness
Hypothesis testing in this research is done by multiple has a significant positive effect on behavioral intention. The
regression analysis which aims to know the influence of two results of this study indicate that the existing academic
independent variables of research, perceived ease of use and information system (SIAKAD) is very useful in supporting the
perceived usefulness to dependent variable that is behavioral smoothness of the study of respondents and the success of
interest of use (behavioral intention). teaching and learning process such as academic registration,
financial registration, guardianship, scheduling courses,

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scholarships to assessment. Students who will attend the significant effect on behavioral intention interest (behavioral
lecture must register academic, financial and guardianship intention) together.
before the relevant member is declared active. Therefore,
academic information system is perceived as beneficial by the TABLE VI. SIMULTANEOUS SIGNIFICANCE TEST RESULT
respondents because the academic preparation process must be (UJI F) ANOVAA
done through academic information system (sia SIAKAD kad).
For perceived ease of use variable has probability significance
0.000 (<0.05) and tcount price is 5.597 (<ttabel). This means
that the second hypothesis (H2) can be supported that
perceived ease of use has a significant effect on behavioral
intention because it meets the requirements. The results of the
analysis show academic information system (SIAKAD) in the
university is also considered easy to be studied and operated by
the respondents. Web-based SIAKAD is very familiar to use by
students, plus the socialization held by the university to provide
c.
knowledge and skills to the user so that students more easily Dependent Variable: Interests_ Behavior

become skilled in using the application. d.

Predictors: (Constant), Convenience, Utility.

To test the third hypothesis (H3), a second individual

significance test (t test) is used perceived ease of use for Then the last seen how much the contribution of
perceived usefulness which can be presented in Table V. independent variables in this study can explain the variation of
the dependent variable that is behavioral interest in use
TABLE V. INDIVIDUAL SIGNIFICANCE TEST RESULTS (T TEST) (behavioral intention) which can be presented in Table VII.
REGRESSION MODEL 2
TABLE VII. COEFFICIENT DETERMINATION TEST RESULTS

b.
a. Dependent Variable: Benefit
VI. CONCLUSION
Based on the research that has been done can be drawn
Based on Table V can be seen that perceived ease of use some conclusions as follows:
variables significantly and positively influence perceived
usefulness (perceived usefulness). This can be shown with a 1. Perceived usefulness has a significant and positive effect
probability value of significance of 0.000 (<0.05) and on behavioral intention. It is shown from result of t test
regression coefficient 0.616 (positive). This is in line with with significance 0.000 with regression coefficient equal
Davis's research (1989) where perceived ease of use will affect to 0339.
perceived usefulness. Benefit according to Davis (1989) is 2. Perceived ease of use has a significant and positive effect
consideration of profit (benefits) and cost (cost) in using the on behavioral intention. It can be shown from result of t
system. Ease of use can be seen as part of cost (cost) based on test with significance 0.000 with regression coefficient
user perspective. Therefore, if the system is considered easy by equal to 0453.
the user, it means the cost (cost) or effort of use in using the
system can be said to be low so it will also determine its 3. Perceived ease of use has a significant positive effect on
usefulness (perceived usefulness). perceived usefulness. It can be shown from the result of t
test with significance 0.000 with regression coefficient
The fourth hypothesis test (H4) is done through value that is equal to 0.616.
simultaneous significance test (F test) to find out whether all
independent variables simultaneously affect the dependent 4. Perceived usefulness (perceived usefulness) and perceived
variable that is behavioral interest of use (behavioral intention). ease of use together significantly influence behavioral
interest intention (behavioral intention).
Based on Table VI it can be seen that the probability of
significance is obtained at 0.000 (<0.05) and the Fcount is 5. Interest in behavioral use (behavioral intention) can be
69.931. Thus it can be concluded that the fourth hypothesis explained by perceived usefulness (perceived usefulness)
(H4) is acceptable i.e. perceived usefulness variables and ease of use (perceived ease of use) of 45.8%. Thus the
(perceived usefulness) and perceived ease of use have a remaining 54.2% is influenced by other variables outside
the model.

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