COURSE IN CP INSPECTION

METHODS

• FOR CORROCEAN
• Part II CorrOcean
customers
have a
• CP Inspection technological
edge

1
 Why CP inspection?
• Check the CP system’s ability to avoid corrosion
problems
• Detect any corrosion problems to adjust/retrofit
before any major failure
• In general secure integrity of the
structure/pipeline CorrOcean
customers
have a

• Collect data to reduce future inspection technological

edge

requirements
• Regulations/Authorities

2
 Standards and regulations
 Regulations concerning load bearing structures in
the petroleum activities
 Guidelines on corrosion protection of load bearing
structures in the petroleum activity – 1992
 Guidelines on condition monitoring of load bearing
structures to regulations concerning load bearing
structures in the petroleum activities - 1992
 Regulations relating to pipeline systems in the CorrOcean

petroleum activities customers

have a
technological
 Guidelines on corrosion protection of pipeline system edge
etc. - 1998
 DnV RP B401 1993
 DnV RP B403 1987 (Calibration procedures etc.)

3
Phases in an offshore structures
life
mV wrt Ag/AgCl

-1040
-900
-850
CorrOcean
-650 customers
have a
technological
edge

A B C D

4
 Phases cont.
 Period A - Polarisation of new structure/pipeline. (Months)
Normally very short but dependant on design criteria and anode output
characteristics.

 Period B - Protected Design Life. (e.g. 15 years )

Stabilised CP conditions but dependant on CP design, anode efficiency,
coating breakdown and environmental conditions.
e.g.. Design for approx 5 to 10 % coating failure.
CP level desired; -950 mV to -1050 mV.

 Period C - Depolarisation Period.

CorrOcean
Period when anodes are reaching end of design life with reduced efficiency. customers
The slope will depend on anode and coating conditions affecting protection have a
level. Accuracy of CP measurements most critical. technological
edge

 Period D - Under Protection.

This is a critical period when protective levels drop below -800 mV
(or -900 mV for buried pipe). Danger of failure from corrosion at localised
postions.

5
Sacrifical Cathodic Impressed Cathodic
Protection Protection

CorrOcean
customers
have a
technological
edge

6
 What do we measure?

• Potential (CP) (vs. Ag/AgCl or Zn ref. Cells)

• Electrical Field Gradient (EFG or FG in
uV/cm)
• Anode current (mA or Amp) CorrOcean
customers
have a
• Visual inspection of anodes technological
edge

(geometry/consumption/loss of)
• Visual inspection of coating damages

7
Principle of measurements

CorrOcean
customers
have a
technological
edge

8
 CP measurements level
 On steel material – typical potential level
 With Zinc anodes –800 mV to –1050 mV
 With Aluminium anodes –800 mV to –1100 mV
 Protection level for steel –800 mV.
 Very well protected –900 mV to -1050 mV CorrOcean
customers

 Freely corroding steel –650 mV have a

technological
edge
 On anodes
 Zinc anodes –980 mV to –1050 mV
 Aluminium anodes –1000 mV to –1100 mV

9
 Survey Techniques

A Number of Survey Techniques Developed

• Cell to Cell Survey (CP Stab Measurement)

• CTC-2 Survey (CP/FG Measurement)

(Current) CorrOcean
customers
have a
• Trailing Wire Survey (CP Measurement) technological
edge

• Clamp on meter (Anode current)

10
 Potential Fields
Showing Local Variations In Proximity To Anode

CorrOcean
customers
have a
technological
edge

11
Schematic potential profile

CorrOcean
customers
have a
technological
edge

12
Principle of Potential Principle of Electric
(CP) Measurement Field Gradient
Measurement

CorrOcean
customers
have a
technological
edge

13
Stabber and Cell To Cell Technique

CorrOcean
customers
have a
technological
edge

14
Trailing wire utilising towed fish

CorrOcean
customers
have a
technological
edge

15
Cell To Cell Technique

CorrOcean
customers
have a
technological
edge

16
Cell to cell principle

CorrOcean
customers
have a
technological
edge

17
 Trailing Wire Survey
Utilising Drop Cell CTC Stepwise Technique

CorrOcean
customers
have a
technological
edge

18
CP/Field gradient measurements

CorrOcean
customers
have a
technological
edge

19
CTC-2 Field Gradient
CP General Arrangement

CorrOcean
customers
have a
technological
edge

20
CTC-2 Typical results exposed
pipe

CorrOcean
customers
have a
technological
edge

21
FG horizontal offset error

CorrOcean
customers
have a
technological
edge

22
CP Inspection System Schematic

CorrOcean
customers
have a
technological
edge

23
 Calibration requirements
 Calibration of the reference cells used in
the CP equipments, e.g. Ag/AgCl or Zn ref.
cells
 Check of control reference cells, 3 calomel
cells required in a calibration set. CorrOcean
customers
have a
technological
edge

24
 Calibration of calomel reference
cells
 One set consists of 3 ”equal” calomel reference cells
(SCE), i.e SCE 1, SCE 2 and SCE 3
 Compare ref. cells by use of Multimeter; accept level
from –2 mV to +2 mV.
 Selection criteria:
 All accepted; select any.
CorrOcean
 One reading out of range; the ref cell not in the reading to be used customers
 Only one reading OK; selected either of those. have a
technological
 All readings outside accept criteria; select the best. After survey edge

deliver reference cell to laboratory for test.

25
 Calibration of silver/silver
chloride half cell/Stab Reader
 Ref. DnV RP B403.
 Check against either a Zinc-block or
calomel ref cells
 Ref. cells/ Stab Reader immersed for 15 to
30 min. before check. NOTE! Not water CorrOcean
customers
from firewater system!! have a
technological
edge
 Accept criteria
 Against Zn-block: - 1010 mV to –1050 mV.
 Against Calomel half cell: +1 mV to –9 mV

26
Calibration setup

CorrOcean
customers
have a
technological
edge

27
 Check of CTC-2 probe (two ref.
cells)
 The matched pair used on CTC-2 system must
be calibrated before mounting on ROV
 New calibration within each 24 hours or pre and
post dive.
 FG reading is sensitive to drift/changes in the
potential differences between the matched pair CorrOcean
customers
(offset) under operation. have a
technological

”Zero field control”, by measuring ”off structure

edge

potential”, then on structure or anode.

28
 Reporting
 Basic Report
 For pipelines – raw data plot of potentials and
Field Gradient (FG) (if included in survey).
Anode potentials, debris, coating damages etc.
 For structures – tabulating potentials and FG
readings CorrOcean
customers
have a
 Post processing technological
edge

 Different plot dependent on requirements

29
 Data analysis
 Detailed analysis – based on analytical methods
and/or simulations (element methods)
 May included the following:
 Anode current Output (Ia), remaining life (RL), wastage (W)
 Effect of different degree of burial
 Effect of changed coating damage percentage; also local effects
 Overall operating performance of CP system
 Current drain CorrOcean
customers
 Stray current have a
technological
 Depolarisation edge

 Life extension
 Retrofit Design analysis
 Trend analysis
 Optimisation of future inspection program

30
 Platform Data Trending
Platform Potential Surveys For 1979,85,90 & 95

Elevation/Metres
-900
-70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0

-925

wrt Ag/AgCl Ref Electrode

-950

Potential/mV
CorrOcean
-975 customers
have a
technological
edge
-1000

-1025

-1050

1979 1985 1990 1995 31

 CP System Studies
Evaluation of Existing Systems
Basic Approach
• Data Input

• Methodology Employed

• CP Study Output CorrOcean

customers
have a
technological
edge

32
 Data Input

• Detailed Structural Drawings of Submerged Steelwork

• Component Hierarchy Listings
• Historical Potential Measurements Recorded
• Historical Anode Survey Data
• Surface Area of Submerged Steel
• Installation Dates CorrOcean
customers
• Anode Specifications have a
technological
edge
• Anode Retrofit Details
• Metallic Debris Levels
• Reports on Remedial Actions

33
 Methodology Employed
• Review All Available Historical Data and Original Design
• Data Input to Database and Manipulation to Req. Format
• Analysis of Data to Provide CP Systems Overview and
Status
• Determine Intermediate Survey Requirements
• Tailored Survey
CorrOcean
• Calculations to Provide Predictions of Remaining Life customers
have a
technological
• Determine Remedial Actions to Maintain Structure edge

Integrity to Anticipated End of Life

• Computer Modelling for Retrofit Optimisation (if req.)
• Determine Long Term Survey Programme

34
 CP Study Output

• Enhanced Confidence in Performance of CP System

• Action Plan to Maintain CP System Integrity to End of
System Life
• Tailored Cost-Effective Long Term Survey Programme
CorrOcean
customers
have a
technological
edge

35
 CorrOcean’s Methodology

Survey Data

Historical
Design Cois Data
Data

SEA CORR
Computer
Modelling CorrOcean
customers
have a
technological
Life Time Prediction edge

Optimised Design

Optimised inspection Frequency Retrofit

36
 Some CP simulation examples.
Simulation performed by CorrOcean’s
SEACORR/CP system CorrOcean
customers
have a
technological
edge

37
-809.1
-852.7
-874.5
-896.2
-918.0 CorrOcean
customers
-939.8 have a
technological
-961.6 edge
-983.4

38
 CorrOcean
customers
have a
technological
edge

39
 CorrOcean
customers
have a
technological
edge

40
 CorrOcean
customers
have a
technological
edge

41
 CorrOcean
customers
have a
technological
edge

42