Disaster Readiness and Risk

Reduction
MIDTERM
Rain Gamboa Grade 12 - GAS

DIRECTIONS: Write the letter of your choice that best completes the statement or
answers the question.
1. A process, phenomenon or human activity that may cause loss of life, injury or other health
impacts, property damage, social and economic disruption or environmental degradation is
called
●Disaster ●Emergency
●Hazard ●Vulnerability
2. Which is NOT a geological hazard?
●Earthquake ●Tsunami
●Tephra fall ●Tornado
3. Thunderstorms, coastal storm surges, tropical cyclones and heat waves are
●Technological hazards ●Hydrometeorological hazards
●Astronomical hazards ●Geological hazards
4. A serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a widespread human, material,
economic or environmental losses is called
●Disaster ●Vulnerability
●Resiliency ●Hazard
5. The variables that amplify the effects of hazards, affecting the degree or scope of a
disaster is called
●Exposure ●Elements at risk
●Risk drivers ●Vulnerability
6. Which is NOT an effect of disasters on human life?
●Food scarcity ●Displaced population
●Illnesses and diseases ●Disturbance of biodiversity
7. Elements located in coastal areas are likely to be exposed to
●Volcanic eruption ●Drought
●Storm surge ●Hailstorm
8. Disturbance of biodiversity and loss of forests and natural rivers are
●Physical impact ●Socio-cultural impact
Biological impact ●Environmental impact
9. Which of the following pertains to intangible elements?
●Buildings and infrastructures ●Economic activity
●Public transport system ●Dwellings and settlement areas
10. Elements likely to be exposed to mudslide and landslide are those located
●Near fault lines ●On foot of denuded mountains
●In coastal areas ●Near oil deposits
11. The characteristics determined by some factors or processes which increase the
susceptibility of an individual, community or assets to the impacts of hazards is called
●Exposure ●Coping capacity
●Vulnerability D. Resilience
12. Poorer families may live in squatter settlements because they cannot afford to live in safer
areas. This shows what type of vulnerability?
●Physical ●Social
●Economic ●Environmental
13. Critical facilities such as hospitals, schools and fire stations are
●Societal elements ●Physical elements
●Economic elements ●Environmental elements
14. The Dela Cruz Family decided to set aside 5% of their annual income to be used to
retrofit their home to make it more resilient against typhoon. What type of vulnerability
do they reduce by doing this?
●Physical ●Social
●Economic ●Environmental
15. Which of the following hazards normally result from the occurrence of an earthquake?
●Lahar ●Landslide
●Drought ●La Niña
16. It is a result of the passage of seismic waves through the ground, and ranges from quite
gentle in small earthquakes to incredibly violent in large earthquakes
●Tsunami ●Liquefaction
●Fault rupture ●Ground shaking
17. When indoors during an earthquake, the safest place to be is
●Under a sturdy piece of furniture ●At the attic
Near the windows and doors ●At the upper floor
18. Which two natural hazards have caused the most damage both in terms of loss of life and
monetary losses over the past 50 years on a global scale?
●Typhoons and volcanoes ●Typhoons and tornadoes
●Typhoons and floods ●Typhoons and earthquakes
19. People living in unsafe building structures are more exposed to
●Oil spill ●Fire
●Terrorism ●Tornado
20. The following are effects of disasters to societal elements EXCEPT
●Homelessness ●Psychological impact
●Loss of employment ●Structural damage
21. Which is an intangible element?
●Environmental assets ●Buildings
●Cultural values ●Public facilities
22. Where do most earthquakes occur?
●On the equator ●In Australia
●Along crustal plate boundaries ●On the continent of Antarctica
23. Witnesses have said that an approaching tsunami sounds like
●Ice cracking ●Car horn honking
●Booming cannons ●Nothing, there is silence
24. The leading cause of most earthquake-related deaths is
●Collapse of structures ●Unexpected tsunami that follows
●Violent shaking of the ground ●Flooding due to liquefaction
25. During an earthquake, to where should you evacuate if near a large body of water?
●The closest shelter ●The nearest tall tree
●Higher ground ●Your car
26. When inside a building or classroom, the three steps you should take at the first sign of an
earthquake are
●Stop, drop and cover ●Cover, drop and stop
●Drop, cover and hold ●Stop, drop and roll
27. The following are common long term impacts of natural hazards EXCEPT
●Destruction of vital infrastructure like roads and bridges
●Disconnection of communication lines
●Widespread loss of housing Permanent
disability
28. Which is NOT a risk driver?
●Poverty and inequality
●Properly planned urban development
●Environmental degradation
●Weak governance
29. Disasters frequently result in all of the following EXCEPT
●Displacement of populations
●Damage to the ecological environment
●Destruction of a population’s homeland
●Adequate supply of goods and services
30. An event, whether natural or human-induced, becomes a disaster EXCEPT when
●It occurs in an area with no exposure
●It causes widespread material or environmental losses
●Community cannot provide the residents their basic needs ●Communities experience
severe danger and incur loss of lives
31. Which of the following situations pertains to a disaster?
●A landslide in Ligao that destroyed a mountain village
●A volcano erupting in isolation in the middle of Pacific Ocean
●Typhoon Haiyan passing over a remote and unpopulated island
●A landslide high on the mountain and slopes away from any settlement 32. The Asian
Disaster Preparedness Center (ADPC) classified elements at risk into
●Tangible and intangible
●Least at risk, at risk & most at risk
●Physical, socio-cultural, biological & political
●Physical, societal, economic & environmental
33. Senior citizens and persons with disabilities are more vulnerable to disasters because
●They are unable to protect themselves or evacuate if necessary
●They cannot recover quickly from an emergency situation
●They are not much affected by social discrimination
●They belong to the low-income group of society

34. Which of the following results from poorly planned and managed urban development?
●Labor migrants are forced to live in areas which are highly susceptible to damage or
destruction.
●Degradation of wetlands and mangroves along river courses results in increased flooding.
●States with weak institutions have greater deaths after extreme natural events.
●Decrease in agricultural yields in warmer environment due to heat stress.
35. In November 2013, the Philippines was hit by Supertyphoon Yolanda. This was a disaster
because
●It caused more than 6000 casualties and loss of more than US$1.5B.
●The storm surge it brought was slow and expected.
●The Philippines is frequently visited by typhoons.
●Its winds reached peaks of around 315 kph.
36. What is frequently a warning sign of an impending tsunami?
●Seawater suddenly retreats from the shore
●Sky suddenly clears
●Winds suddenly change direction
●All of these
37. What is a primary effect of an earthquake?
●Impacts as a direct result of the ground shaking
●Effects on the landscape
●Effects nearest the epicenter
●Effects on young children
38. Which of the following statements about earthquakes is correct?
●Earthquakes are easily predicted
●Plate motions cause earthquakes
●Tsunamis are effects of small earthquakes
●All of the above
39. What should you do if you were outside during an earthquake?
●Stay away from trees, power lines and concrete structures
●Look for a building and stay at its main entrance
●Drive quickly away from the earthquake ●Seek shelter
in a building
40. Why do you suppose there has been an overall increase in the number of deaths and
monetary losses related to natural disasters on Earth? ●The magnitudes of natural
hazard events are increasing
●There are more hazardous events occurring every year
●Human populations are increasing in areas of risk
●All of the above
41. Disaster is frequently described as a result of various condition EXCEPT
●Exposure to hazards
●Conditions of vulnerability at present
●Insufficient capacity to cope with disasters
●Having enough physical, social & economic capabilities
42. According to a report, 8 of 10 world cities most exposed to natural hazards are in the
Philippines because of the following reasons EXCEPT
●The Philippines lies in the Pacific typhoon belt
●The Philippines is located between two tectonic plates
●The Philippines is part of the Circum-Pacific seismic belt
●The Philippines has a high coping capacity and ability to mitigate disasters
43. The social impacts of natural hazards include
●Destruction of community structures and facilities
●Destruction of natural and human environment
●Stresses placed on families and people
●Damage to an industry
44. Which statement is correct?
●The degree of disaster risk is always a consequence of exposure alone
●If a hazard occurs in an area of no exposure, then there is no risk
●An element exposed to a hazard is always vulnerable
●A hazard always leads to a disaster
45. The following are ways of reducing vulnerability EXCEPT
●Disregarding building codes
●Setting up preparedness measures
●Knowledge and awareness raising
●Emphasizing economic diversity & resilient livelihoods

46. Which of the following pertains to environmental vulnerability?

●Deforestation of mountains due to illegal logging is the main cause of landslides
and mudflows, like what happened in Ormoc, Leyte (1994) &
Infanta, Quezon (2011)
●When flooding occurs, some citizens such as children, elderly and persons with
disabilities may be unable to protect themselves or evacuate if necessary
●Poorer families may live in squatter settlements because they cannot afford to live in
safer (more expensive) areas
●All of the above
47. Which of the following is more vulnerable to disasters?
●High income populations
●Very old and very young populations
●Well-designed buildings and infrastructures
 ●Schools that regularly conduct earthquake and fire drills
48. Which of the following statements about vulnerability is NOT correct?
●It is generally the poor who are less vulnerable and do not suffer from disasters.
●Vulnerable groups find it hardest to reconstruct their livelihoods following a disaster.
●We cannot reduce the occurrence and severity of natural hazards, but we can reduce
the vulnerability to hazards.
●There are factors that interact to increase the susceptibility of individuals, households
and communities to the impacts of hazards.
49. In the 1990 Baguio earthquake, most of the deaths occurred in collapsed buildings, like the
Hyatt Terraces Hotel, where hundreds died and many others were hurt. Why did this result
to a disaster?
●The hotel’s terraced front wing collapsed and fell into the lobby killing many.
●People inside the building were not forewarned of an incoming earthquake.
●PHIVOLCS did not accurately predict when the earthquake would occur.
●Affected individuals did not purchase insurance policies.

50. Which equation shows the relationship among disaster risk, hazard, exposure and
vulnerability?
●Risk = Hazard X Exposure X Vulnerability
●Risk = Hazard + Exposure + Vulnerability
●Risk = Hazard X Exposure Vulnerability
●Risk = Hazard X Vulnerability Exposure

True or False. Write TRUE if the statement is Correct then FALSE if it is wrong.

1. FALSE - When the shaking starts, I should run immediately and leave the room to get
out of the building as fast as I could.
2. FALSE - During an earthquake and I am outside, it is best to take shelter under trees,
power lines, posts and concrete structures.
3. FALSE - If near the shore and a very strong earthquake is felt, one must move quickly
to higher ground even if there is no immediate information of the possible source and location
of the earthquake.
4. FALSE - During an earthquake, to make it faster to get out of the building, use the
elevator.
5. FALSE - In the chemistry lab, breakable items, harmful chemicals and flammable
materials are be stored properly in the uppermost secured shelves.
6. TRUE - After a very strong earthquake, employees of an office located on the 7. 7th floor
of the building should immediately evacuate by going down the building and finding the
designated open space for temporary evacuation area.
8. TRUE - Pyroclastic flows and surges are potentially highly destructive owing to their
mass, high temperature, high velocity and great mobility.
9. TRUE - Lahars are rapidly flowing thick mixture of volcanic sediments (from the
pyroclastic materials) and water, usually triggered by intense rainfall during typhoons,
monsoons and thunderstorms.
10. TRUE - Lava flows are considered the most dangerous type of hazard from a volcano
and is always a big threat to human lives.
11. TRUE - During eruption, excessive ashfall is dangerous as it can cause poor or low
visibility.
12. TRUE - Ash from volcanoes are also abrasive, because of this, ash suspended in air is
also dangerous for airplanes as this can cause the engines to fail if the suspended ash is
encountered by the airplane.
13. TRUE - High concentrations of CO2 which is colorless and odorless can be lethal to
people, animals and vegetation.
14 FALSE - In order to assess and forecast a volcano’s activity, volcanologists
need only to use one parameter.
15. TRUE - Aside from instrumental monitoring, people living near volcanoes on
their own, may observe premonitory events before an eruption such as
intensified steaming activity.
16. TRUE - As the volcano unrest progresses into an eruption, volcanic
earthquakes not only increase in number but the number of earthquakes felt by
many people become more and more frequent.
17. TRUE - Measuring the amount of gases being emitted by volcanoes is also an
important aspect of volcano monitoring.
18. TRUE - The development and use of remote sensing technology in monitoring
volcanoes has greatly contributed to the safety of scientists.
19. TRUE - In visual observation, it is not only the increase in volume of steam
that is observed but the color of steam, which might drastically change from
“white” to “dark gray”.
20. TRUE - Be aware of community efforts such as identified evacuation areas as
well as designated pick up points.
21. FALSE - At the peak or height of eruption, one can go out and do sightseeing
as eruptions are a sight to see.
22. TRUE - Heavy ashfall can severely reduce visibility, that is why people are
advised not to drive.
23. TRUE - During and after heavy ashfall, if you must use tap water, always boil
water first before using.
24. TRUE - To remove ash inside the house, use damp cloth and vigorously rub
off the surface covered with ash.
25. TRUE - Wear dust-mask or cover your face with clean dry towel or cloth to
prevent ash from irritating the eyes and entering the respiratory track.
26. FALSE - I should go to the shore to watch a tsunami.
27. FALSE - All undersea earthquakes cause tsunami.
28. FALSE - If I felt a strong earthquake while near the coast, I should wait to
hear the rumbling sound before moving to high ground
29. TRUE - If a small tsunami is coming, I should get out of the water and wait
until I hear it is safe to return.
30. TRUE - Is a big tsunami is coming, I should move as far inland as I can or to
higher ground.
31. TRUE - If I am swimming when a small tsunami comes, I could get dragged
out to sea by the strong rips and currents.
Identify the following sentences. Write the correct answer.
1. An earthquake refers to the amount of energy released, measured by the
amount of ground displacement or shaking
-Magnitude

2. The strength of an earthquake as perceived and felt by people in a certain

locality. It is a numerical rating based on relative effects to people, objects,
environment and structures in the surroundings
-Intensity

3. Are stream-like flows of incandescent molten rock erupted from a crater or

fissure Showers of airborne fine- to coarse-grained volcanic particles that
fallout from the plumes of a volcanic eruption
-Lava flow

4. Rapidly flowing thick mixture of volcanic sediments

-Lahar

5. Sea waves or wave trains that are generated by sudden displacement of water
-Tsunami

6. Endanger life and property by the force of impact of falling fragments

-Tephra fall

7. Gases and aerosols released into the atmosphere, which include water vapor
-volcanic gas

8. Refers to surface changes on a volcano, such as subsidence (sinking), tilting, or

bulge formation, due to the movement of magma below the surface
-Groud deformation

9. Volcanic landslide massive collapse of a volcano, usually triggered by an

earthquake or volcanic eruption

10. Identified where no permanent habitation is recommended due to the possible

impact of various hazards at any time

11. Downward movement of geological materials such as soil and rock

-Creep
12. Depressions or openings in the ground surface
-Sinkhole

13. Type of topography that is formed by dissolution of bedrock in areas underlain

by limestone, dolostone or, as in some western states, gypsum
-Karst

14. From earthquakes to swarms of earthquakes

-Seismic swarms

15. It is a dangerous phenomenon, substance, human activity or condition that may

cause loss of life
-Hazard

16. These are often described as a result of the combination of: the exposure to a
hazard
-Disaster

17. These are naturally occurring physical phenomena caused either by rapid or
slow onset events which can be geophysical
-Natural hazard
18. It is the process or phenomenon of organic origin or conveyed by biological
vectors/ agents.
-Biological hazard

19. It is the hazardous process or phenomenon of atmospheric, hydrological or

oceanographic nature
-Hydrometeorological hazard

20. It Also may arise directly as a result of the impacts of a natural hazard event.
-Technological hazard

21. The possibility that something bad or unpleasant.

-Risk

22. Leading to mountain building, volcanism and ocean formation.

23. Formation of clouds, precipitation, wind.

24. Reef building, colony formation, forestation

Enumeration Disasters Risk

1. Factors(18-23)
 Physical factors
 Psychological factors
 Socio-cultural factors
 Economic factors
 Political factor
 Biological factors
2. Most Common Earthquake related hazards(24-27)
 Ground rupture
 Liquefaction
 Earthquake-induced landslides
 tsunami

III.ESSAY
1. Explain in your own words what a sinkhole is.
-   depression in the ground that has no natural external surface drainage.

2. Explain the different types three different types of sinkholes.

- Solution sinkholes occur in areas where limestone is exposed at the surface or is covered
by thin layers of soil or sand
- Cover Collapse sinkholes occur where a solution cavity develops in the limestone to such
a size that the overlying cover material can no longer support its own weight
- Cover Subsidence sinkholes occur where the cover material is relatively incohesive and
permeable, and individual grains of sand move downward in sequence to replace gains that
have already moved downward to replace dissolved limestone

3. Explain some of the causes of sinks holes.

-Water dissolved minerals in the rock, leaving residue and open spaces within the rock. ...
-Water washes away the soil and residue from the voids in the rock.
-Lowering of groundwater levels can cause a loss of support for the soft material in the
rock spaces that can lead to collapse.

4. What are the areas that can possibly be affected by tsunami?

- coastal  regions

5. If my home is near the coast, will I be affected by Tsunami? (depends if their

area is fronting a known offshore/ under the sea earthquake generator)
 -Yes

6. How do I prepare for tsunami? (How far is your home/ school from the coast?
To elevated area?)
-Always listen to the news, and know where is the nearest evacuation site in your place, and always
have an emergency kit.