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Voltage Drop

This document discusses voltage drop in power distribution systems. It provides formulas to calculate voltage drop and percent voltage drop based on line impedance, current, and length. It also provides methods to calculate power loss based on line resistance and current. Examples are given to demonstrate calculating voltage drop and power loss at different points along a distribution line with varying load levels.

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Saleh Ahmad
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159 views

Voltage Drop

This document discusses voltage drop in power distribution systems. It provides formulas to calculate voltage drop and percent voltage drop based on line impedance, current, and length. It also provides methods to calculate power loss based on line resistance and current. Examples are given to demonstrate calculating voltage drop and power loss at different points along a distribution line with varying load levels.

Uploaded by

Saleh Ahmad
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ELEC 423

Distribution of Power System

Voltage drop
Voltage Drop
Voltage Drop
Voltage Drop
Voltage Drop
Voltage Drop
Voltage Drop
Vs Vr
Z  R  jX
Vr  I Z  Vr  RI  jXI  Vs
I
S r  Pr  jQr
Voltage Drop

Vs  Vr  RI  jXI

Vs cos   Vr  IR cos   IX sin 

Assuming   0o

 VD  Vs  Vr  I R cos   X sin  

I R cos   X sin   VB  Base Voltage


VD pu 
VB
Voltage Drop

3Vr I R cos   X sin   R& X 


VD pu 
3VrVB r & x   / unit length
S3  3Vr I
1 
S3  leff r cos   x sin     1000 
VD pu  3 
VB2 K (constant)

leff  Effective feeder length in km

VD pu  KS3 leff
Voltage Drop
Voltage Drop

Uniformly distributed load

• In many instances, it can be assumed that


loads are uniformly distributed along a
line where the line can be a three-phase,
or a single-phase feeder or lateral.

• When load is uniformly distributed, its


not necessary to model each load in order
to determine the voltage drop from
source end to the last load.
Voltage Drop

In the case of a uniformly distributed load, load density is given in


(kVA/km2) as well as the total area which the load is occupying

Midpoint

Lamped total load


taped at midpoint
Voltage Drop
Voltage Drop
Voltage Drop
Voltage Drop
Voltage Drop
Voltage Drop
 %VD-calculations at peak hours loadings:
c d
0 a b
2000 kVA
5600 kVA 5600 kVA 2000 kVA 2000 kVA

1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5

Vss=1.025 pu 3600 kVA

%VD0a  0.00024  5600 1.5  2.016%

%VDa b  0.00024  5600 1.5  2000 1.5  2.736%

%VDbc  0.00104  2000 1.5  3.12%


Vc  1.025  0.02016  0.02736  0.0312  0.94628 pu
Voltage Drop
Voltage Drop

I R cos   X sin   R RI base Vbase R pu


VD pu  R pu   R
VB Rbase Vbase I base
Voltage Drop
Voltage Drop
Voltage Drop
Voltage Drop
Voltage Drop (I is known)

R& X 
r & x   / unit length
leff  Effective feeder length in km

I R cos   X sin  
VD pu 
VB

I  leff r cos   x sin  


%VD pu  100
VB
Voltage Drop
Voltage Drop

Cable size 4CX185mm2 XLPE:


r  0.129 Ω/km x  0.0758 Ω/km

cos   0.85  sin   0.5268

r cos  x sin    100


VB
Voltage Drop

I  leff r cos   x sin  


%VD pu  100
VB
%VD at ' A'  0.0598  300  0.05  0.897%

VA  250  1  0.00897   247.76 V

%VD AB  0.0598  250  0.05  0.748%


%VD at ' B'  0.897  0.748  1.645%
Voltage Drop

VB  250  1  0.01645   245.888 V

%VD BC  0.0598  200  0.05  0.598%

%VD at ' C'  1.645  0.598  2.244%

VC  250  1  0.02244   244.39 V

%VD CD  0.0598 150  0.05  0.449%

%VD at ' D'  2.244  0.497  2.692%

VD  250  1  0.02692   243.27 V


Voltage Drop

%VD DE  0.0598 100  0.05  0.299%

%VD at ' E'  2.692  0.299  2.999%


VE  250  1  0.02999   242.503 V
%VD EF  0.0598  50  0.05  0.150%
%VD at ' F'  2.990  0.150  3.141%
VF  250  1  0.03141  242.147 V
Percent Power (or Copper) Loss

PLS =I R  I rd
2 2

R: cable distance resistance, 


r: cable linear resistance, /km
d: distance on the feeder, km
Percent Power (or Copper) Loss
Percent Power (or Copper) Loss
PLS at 'A'  I 2 rd  3002  0.129  0.05  580.5 W
PLS in portion 'A-B'  2502  0.129  0.05  403.125 W
PLS in portion 'B-C'  2002  0.129  0.05  258 W

PLS in portion 'C-D'  1502  0.129  0.05  145.125 W


PLS in portion 'D-E'  1002  0.129  0.05  64.5 W
PLS in portion 'E-F'  502  0.129  0.05  16.125 W

The total power loss in the cable is:

P LS  580.5  403.125  258  145.125  64.5  16.125


 1, 467.375 W
Percent Power (or Copper) Loss

PA  VA I A cos   247.76  50  0.85  10,529.8 W


VA  247.76 V
PB  VB I B cos   245.89  50  0.85  10, 450.325 W
VB  245.89 V
VC  244.39 V PC  VC I C cos   244.39  50  0.85  10,386.58 W
VD  243.27 V PD  VD I D cos   243.27  50  0.85  10,338.98 W
VE  242.50 V
PE  VE I E cos   242.50  50  0.85  10,306.25 W
VF  242.15 V
PF  VF I F cos   242.147  50  0.85  10, 291.249 W
Percent Power (or Copper) Loss

Total Power at sending end is:


Percent Power (or Copper) Loss
Percent Power (or Copper) Loss

PF=0.8 and lag


Percent Power (or Copper) Loss
Voltage Drop

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