Disaster Management

An applied science which seeks, by systemic

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 Disaster Management
A continuous and integrate process of planning,
organizing, coordinating and implementing measures
which are necessary for;

● Prevention of danger or threat of any disaster.

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 Disaster Management
● Preparedness to deal with any disaster.
● Prompt response to any threatening disaster
situation or disaster.
● Assessing the severity or magnitude of effects of
any disaster.
● Evacuation, rescue and relief.
● Rehabilitation and reconstruction.
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 Aim of Disaster Management
Disaster management aims to reduce,
or avoid, the potential losses from
hazards, assure prompt and
appropriate assistance to victims of
disaster, and achieve rapid and
effective recovery.

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Disaster Management Cycle

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 Disaster Management Cycle
• The Disaster management cycle illustrates the
ongoing process by which governments, businesses,
and civil society plan for and reduce the impact of
disasters, react during and immediately following a
disaster, and take steps to recover after a disaster
has occurred.
• Appropriate actions at all points in the cycle lead to
greater preparedness, better warnings, reduced
vulnerability or the prevention of disasters during
the next iteration of the cycle.

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 Disaster Management Cycle
• The complete disaster management cycle includes
the shaping of public policies and plans that either
modify the causes of disasters or mitigate their
effects on people, property, and infrastructure.

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 Disaster Management Cycle
• The mitigation and preparedness phases occur as a
result of prediction of a disaster.
• Developmental considerations play a key role in
contributing to the mitigation and preparation of a
community to effectively resisting a disaster.
• As a disaster occurs, disaster management actors, in
particular humanitarian organizations, become
involved in the immediate response and long-term
recovery phases.

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 Disaster Management Cycle
• The four disaster management phases illustrated
here do not always, or even generally, occur in
isolation or in this precise order.
• Often phases of the cycle overlap and the length of
each phase greatly depends on the severity of the
disaster.

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PHASES OF DISASTER MANAGEMENT

Disaster Mitigation

Disaster Preparedness

Disaster Response

Disaster Recovery

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Disaster Management Cycle

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 Sustainable Development
• Developmental considerations contribute to all
aspects of the disaster management cycle.
• One of the main goals of disaster management, and
one of its strongest links with development, is the
promotion of sustainable livelihoods and their
protection and recovery during disasters and
emergencies.
• Where this goal is achieved, people have a greater
capacity to deal with disasters and their recovery is
more rapid and long lasting.

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 Sustainable Development
• In a development oriented disaster management
approach, the objectives are to reduce hazards,
prevent disasters, and prepare for emergencies.
• Therefore, developmental considerations are
strongly represented in the mitigation and
preparedness phases of the disaster management
cycle.
• Inappropriate development processes can lead to
increased vulnerability to disasters and loss of
preparedness for emergency situations.

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Disaster Mitigation

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 Disaster Mitigation
• Mitigation activities actually eliminate or reduce the
probability of disaster occurrence, or reduce the
effects of unavoidable disasters.
• Mitigation measures include building codes;
vulnerability analyses; zoning and land use
management; building use regulations and safety
codes; preventive health care; and public
education.
• Mitigation will depend on the incorporation of
appropriate measures in national and regional
development planning.
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 Disaster Mitigation
• Its effectiveness will also depend on the availability
of information on hazards, emergency risks, and the
countermeasures to be taken.
• The mitigation phase, and indeed the whole
disaster management cycle, includes the shaping of
public policies and plans that either modify the
causes of disasters or mitigate their effects on
people, property, and infrastructure.

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 Components of Disaster Mitigation
Hazard identification and mapping
Assessment – Estimating probability of a damaging
phenomenon of given magnitude in a given area.

Considerations-
• History
• Probability of various intensities
• Maximum threat
• Possible secondary hazards

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 Disaster Mitigation
Vulnerability analysis
A process which results in an understanding of the
types and levels of exposure of persons, property, and
the environment to the effects of identified hazards at
a particular time.

Prevention
Activities taken to prevent a natural phenomenon or
potential hazard from having harmful effects on
either people or economic assets.

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 Disaster Mitigation
Risk analysis
Determiningnature and scale of losses which can be
anticipated in a particular area.

Involves analysis of
• Probability of a hazard of a particular magnitude.
• Elements susceptible to potential loss/damage.
• Nature of vulnerability.
• Specified future time period.

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Disaster Preparedness

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 Disaster Preparedness
• Disaster preparedness is ongoing multi-sectoral
activity.
• Important part of the national system is
responsible for developing plans and programs for;
• Disaster Management
• Prevention
• Mitigation
• Response
• Rehabilitation and Reconstruction.

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 Disaster Preparedness
• Preparedness should be in the form of money,
manpower and materials
• Evaluation from past experiences about risk location of
disaster prone areas
• Organization of communication, information and
warning system
• Ensuring co-ordination and response mechanisms
development of public education program
• Co-ordination with media
• National & international relations
• Keeping stock of foods, drug and other essential item.

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 Humanitarian Action
During a disaster, humanitarian agencies are often
called upon to deal with immediate response and
recovery. To be able to respond effectively, these
agencies must have experienced leaders, trained
personnel, adequate transport and logistic support,
appropriate communications, and guidelines for
working in emergencies. If the necessary preparations
have not been made, the humanitarian agencies will
not be able to meet the immediate needs of the
people.

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Disaster Response

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 Disaster Response
The aim of emergency response is to provide
immediate assistance to maintain life, improve health
and support the morale of the affected population.
Such assistance may range from providing specific but
limited aid, such as assisting refugees with transport,
temporary shelter, and food, to establishing semi-
permanent settlement in camps and other locations.

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 Disaster Response
It also may involve initial repairs to damaged
infrastructure. The focus in the response phase is on
meeting the basic needs of the people until more
permanent and sustainable solutions can be found.
Humanitarian organizations are often strongly present
in this phase of the disaster management cycle.

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 Disaster Recovery
• As the emergency is brought under control, the
affected population is capable of undertaking a
growing number of activities aimed at restoring
their lives and the infrastructure that supports
them.
• There is no distinct point at which immediate relief
changes into recovery and then into long-term
sustainable development.

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 Disaster Recovery
• There will be many opportunities during the
recovery period to enhance prevention and increase
preparedness, thus reducing vulnerability.
• Ideally, there should be a smooth transition from
recovery to on-going development.

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 Disaster Recovery
• Recovery activities continue until all systems return
to normal or better.
• Recovery measures, both short and long term,
include returning vital life-support systems to
minimum operating standards; temporary housing;
public information; health and safety education;
reconstruction; counseling programs; and economic
impact studies.
• Information resources and services include data
collection related to rebuilding, and documentation
of lessons learned.
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 Disaster Recovery
Repatriation - after the emergency is over, displaced
people return to their place of origin.
Rehabilitation -restoration of basic social functions.
• Providing temporary shelters,
• Stress debriefing for responders and victims,
Economic Rehabilitation,
• Psycho-social Rehabilitation,
• Scientific Damage Assessment,
Elements of recovery
• Community recovery
• Infrastructure recovery (services and lifelines).
• Economy recovery (financial, political).
• Environment recovery. 32