CAPARIDA, John Carlo S.

AB Psychology 1B
NSTP – CWTS

Environmental Awareness National Security concerns

A. Existing Condition of Solid Waste Management in your community

How can you help solve these problems through Reduce, Reuse, Recycle

Existing Condition of Solid Waste Management in Brgy Pinagbayanan Calauag, Quezon

Factors Influencing Solid Waste Management Successful Rate (%)

Proper Waste Disposal 70%

Proper Segregation of Waste 60%
Proper Solid-Waste Collection 85%
Proper Solid-waste Transportation 90%
Incineration 5%
Composting 20%
Reduce, Reuse, & Recycling of Waste 75%
Sorting and Shredding 0%
Digesting and Processing 0%

In helping solving these problems through Reduce, Reuse, Recycle, as a student, the things
that I can do or contribute is limited only or not that big most especially now in this time of pandemic
where all of the actions especially outdoors are very limited but I know I can do something to help
solve these solid waste management or environment problems using the three R’s or the Reduce,
Reuse, and Recycle by simply doing everything I can do even the smallest things that I am capable of
doing because I believe small things or small actions can lead to a big effect so I can start by doing it
in my own household where I belong, teaching my family how to do these kind of things like trying to
reduce our waste as much as possible, reusing things that can be reuse and learn how to recycle things
to turn wastes into useful things and when I did it on my home I can inspire my other neighbors by
doing the same thing that I did. Also, even though I’m only a student and with the situation right now
that I can’t go outside I still can do something big even without going outside especially now with the
great influence and impact of social media to every lives of every citizen, I can use it to spread
awareness and knowledge about the importance of Reduce, Reuse and Recycling method in helping
our environment and what are the consequences if people refrain from doing it in their own
households.

B. Answer page 76-77 of Module Part I and Part II

I. Enumeration
A. Three (3) Rs of Ecological Solid Waste Management
1. Reuse
2. Reduce
3. Recycling
B. Four (4) Characteristics of Hazardous Wastes
1. Ignitable-the substance causes or enhances fires
2. Corrosive-the substance destroys tissues or metals
3. Reactive-the substance reacts with others and may explode
4. Toxic-the substance is a danger to health, water food and air

C. Three (3) Main goals of Hazardous Waste Management

1. Protection of the Environment
2. Improvement of Public Health
3. Conservation of Energy

Test II. Encircle the letter of the best answer:

1. This is caused by airborne acidic pollutants and has destructive result.
a. Acidic Rain c. Volcanic eruption
b. Sulfur Rain d. None of these
2. Which of the following would not cause acid rain?
a. So c. CO 2
b. SO 2 d. NO 2
3. Causes the environment problem which are induced by humans
a. Anthropogenic Sources c. Material sources
b. Natural causes d. None of these
4. The following would be the effects of acid rain, except
a. Deforestation c. Destruction of statues
b. Rusting of iron d. None of these
5. It is also called greenhouse effect.
a. Global warming c. Acid rain
b. Global warning d. Deforestation
6. Primary greenhouse gas emitted from burning coal
a. NO 2 c. CO 2
b. Ozone d. CO
7. The following are causes of global warming except
a. Overpopulation c. Burning of coal
b. Volcanic eruption d. Climate changes
8. The following are effects of global warning, except
a. Rising of sea level c. Overpopulation
b. Climate change d. Melting of ice
9. The following are examples of hazardous wastes, except
a. Mercury c. Radioactive wastes
b. Lead d. Nuclear power plant
10. It is a bluish gas that is formed by 3 atoms of oxygen
a. Ozone c. Stratosphere
b. Oxygen Gas d. None of These
11. Main causative agent ozone depletion
a. CFCs c. SO 2
b. NO 2 d. SO 3
12. Ozone is the protection of living organisms against
a. Infrared c. Radiowave
b. Microwave d. Ultraviolet rays
13. Forest type present in the Philippines
a. Rain Forest c. Deciduous
 b. Coniferous d. None of these
14. The following are causes of forest destruction, except
a. Illegal Logging c. Kaingin system
b. Acid rain d. None of these
15. The Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2001
a. RA 9003 c. RA 7707
b. RA 9163 d. RA 7610

C. Identify among the 7 Categories of Threats to human security

Prepare an Essay on which among these threats is most relevant to the country in the coming
year 2021 (at least 5 paragraphs)

I think among those seven categories of threats to human security, Health Security is the most
relevant to the Philippines in the coming year 2021. As we all know that the Philippines, even the
whole world faced a huge threat to health security concerning the arrival of a new deadly transmittable
disease which is the COVID-19 or the coronavirus disease which is an infectious disease caused by a
newly discovered coronavirus. Most people infected with the COVID-19 virus will experience mild to
moderate respiratory illness and recover without requiring special treatment. Older people, and those
with underlying medical problems like cardiovascular disease, diabetes, chronic respiratory disease, and
cancer are more likely to develop serious illness. As we also know that we can’t do anything to provide
medical solution to this disease as the only way to prevent having this deadly disease is to have a vaccine
which is still currently being developed by other countries. The best way to prevent and slow down
transmission is to be well informed about the COVID-19 virus, the disease it causes and how it spreads.
Protect yourself and others from infection by washing your hands or using an alcohol based rub
frequently and not touching your face because the COVID-19 virus spreads primarily through droplets of
saliva or discharge from the nose when an infected person coughs or sneezes, so it’s important that you
also practice respiratory etiquette (for example, by coughing into a flexed elbow).
Regarding this threat to health security to all of the people of the Philippines and in dealing with
this threat, it is quite obvious that the Philippine government failed on ensuring the citizen’s health
security regarding its strategies in fighting this virus as we can compare to the other countries as they
successfully made it clearing the whole country with this virus, making it zero cases of COVID 19 while
still waiting for the vaccine to be developed, if we look at Southeast Asia, COVID-19 cases in the
Philippines are surging ahead of most other parts of the region. The surge has come despite weeks of stay-
at-home orders. That lockdown devastated the economy and has led to the worst downturn in 30 years but
in the Philippines we fought with this virus for the whole year 2020, study shows that we have the longest
lockdown compared to other countries and yet there’s no sign of improvement in the status of COVID 19
here in the Philippines, in fact, the situation is getting even worse as time goes by until now because
according to the World Health Organization and the Philippines’ Department of Health, the country ended
the year 2020 with record of 474, 064 COVID cases or almost half a million after the Department of
Health (DOH) reported 1,541 additional cases on Thursday, December 31, last day of 2021. The DOH
also reported 14 new deaths due to the coronavirus disease, bringing the death toll to 9,244. Meanwhile,
recoveries are up by 296, raising the total to 439,796 meaning the total cases, 25,024 are active.
This is still a threat to the National Health Security even in this coming year 2021 because as we
can see, there’s still no improvement on the situation of this issue in this country because as of now, we
can’t still manage to clear this virus in this country and make it COVID zero or even lessen its new cases
daily and I can tell by the duration of this fight with this virus there’s no hope that we can make it happen
in this country to make it COVID zero so as of now, our only hope is to have a vaccine. Also, this is still a
threat in this year because as the year 2020 ends, the situation of COVID 19 got even worse even in other
countries as they found out a new variant of this disease which is more powerful or deadly and even
more fast to be transmitted that’s why we’re still facing a virus in which we can’t solve, there comes an
added more huge threat to national health security of the people of the Philippines. So, basically now as I
said, the only thing that we’re waiting and hoping for to solve this threat to the health security of the
Filipinos is the development of a vaccine, which is already available now in some developed countries but
that it is still not sure because even in that vaccine, there’s still a lot of issues arising because of the
government, it is still not certain if the government can afford to avail vaccines made by the other
countries to supply enough vaccines for all of the citizens as the country is already facing a huge debt
because of the long lockdown in the year 2020. So, this is really a major concern not only for some
people but for the whole country.
Threat to health security is the most relevant to this country in the coming year 2021 because
aside from it is the major concern of the whole country from the previous year and even in the coming
year, it doesn’t only concern the health security itself, it also affects other categories of national
human security like the food security and most especially the economic security. Reports says that the
Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte's approach to curbing COVID-19 has slammed the breaks on the
economy and caused untold pain for millions of Filipinos, with hunger and begging on the rise.
According to D. Praveen (2020) in his article in Pharmaceutical Technology, Philippines witnessed a
slower economic growth in the first half of 2019, compared to 2018. The country saw a sustained
economic growth of 6.3% between 2010 and 2018, while the growth slowed down to 5.5% in H2 2019.
The World Bank estimates Philippines to witness full-year 2019 economic growth of 5.8%. The ongoing
coronavirus impact is expected to result in a subdued growth for the economy in 2020. The Central Bank
of the Philippines (BSP) noted that the coronavirus outbreak could have a major impact on Philippine
economy over the next few months. With being said that Philippines has longest lockdown among other
countries, it really affected the economy, also a lot of people loss their jobs that’s why people cannot
sustain enough food for the family that caused hunger to many people especially those who are not really
financially stable. That’s why aside from it is a major threat to the health security of the people, it also
concerns food security and economic security in which at this rate, I can already consider it alarming.
For me, the Philippines’ most relevant concern in this coming year is to address this threat to the
national health security not only because of this pandemic that we are facing but there are also other
concern to address regarding health security in the country because health security is not only about
dealing with diseases that kills people and endangers citizen’s health, among other categories, health
security is more complex, and covers many different issues such as access to safe water, living in a safe
environment, access to health services, access to safe and affordable family planning and basic support
during pregnancy and delivery, prevention of HIV/AIDS and other diseases, and to have basic knowledge
to live a healthy life. Health security aims to guarantee a minimum protection from diseases and
unhealthy lifestyles. In developing countries, the major causes of death traditionally were infectious and
parasitic diseases, whereas in industrialized countries, the major killers were diseases of the circulatory
system. Today, lifestyle-related chronic diseases are leading killers worldwide, with 80 percent of deaths
from chronic diseases occurring in low- and middle-income countries. According to the United Nations,
in both developing and industrial countries, threats to health security are usually greater for poor people in
rural areas, particularly children. This is due to malnutrition and insufficient access to health services,
clean water and other basic necessities.
D. Using the internet, research on Cybernetic Crime. Include the references cited (at least 3 pages)

Cybernetic Crime During Adolescence

Cybernetic crime during adolescence is a serious crime these days. It's important to know what
different cybernetic crimes exist in order to identify and report them. Without a doubt, you’ve heard
about terms like online bullying or cyberbullying. However, there are many other types of crimes that have
to do with the misuse of the internet, cell phones, and other digital technologies. In recent years,
Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) have become an essential part of our everyday lives.
Whether it’s a smart TV, a cell phone, a tablet, or a computer, we’re permanently connected to some
electronic device or another. This affects teenagers in particular, who sometimes misuse new technology.
In fact, cybernetic crimes during adolescence are becoming more and more frequent every day.
In this day and age, the lives of teenagers revolve around different forms of technology. Many
teens are completely dependent on their cell phones and different social media platforms. This can end up
being very dangerous, given the high risk of misusing Information and Communication Technologies
(ICT). Unfortunately, it’s common for constant ICT use to cause adolescents to develop a sense of
impunity and anonymity. And, as a result, many end up taking part in antisocial behaviors through their
screens and even committing cybernetic crimes.
Types of cybernetic crimes
Most cybernetic crimes that teenagers commit have to do with humiliation, threats, sex, extortion, etc.
These crimes fall into the following categories:
 Sextortion: This refers to the blackmailing and bullying that a person suffers when another
threatens to use a sexual image of him or her inappropriately. The person committing the
crime may have obtained the image legally or illegally. This type of crime usually involves
threatening to make the image public or send it to an audience in particular (such as the
individual’s parents).
 Sexting: This term refers to sending erotic messages, images, or videos to someone else using
email, social media, text messaging, etc. In and of itself, sexting isn’t a crime. However, it is a
crime when someone spreads the content of sexting without the authorization of the person or
persons who sent it.
 Cyberstalking: Stalking is the continuous and intrusive persecution of another person against
their will. Cyberstalking, in particular, refers to stalking someone through new technologies.
More types of cybernetic crime
 Grooming: Grooming is a set of actions that an adult practices via the internet in order to fool
minors and establish a relationship of supposed trust and friendship. However, the adult’s true
intentions are sexual in nature. Eventually, the adult starts to solicit pornographic and erotic
images and videos from the minor in question.
 Cracking: Cracking is the modification of software in an attempt to control someone else’s
electronic devices. This allows them to discover who the person talks to, who they’re in
contact with, where they are, etc. This type of cybernetic crime is especially common among
adolescent couples.
 Cyberbullying: Cyberbullying refers to the constant and repeated humiliation and threatening
of someone via the internet, cell phone, and other digital technologies. This doesn’t only
happen during school hours, but at any time, day or night. This type of bullying can include
other cybernetic crimes, such as sextortion, cyberstalking, etc.
Different expressions of cyberbullying
According to Cristobal Torres, José Manuel Robles and Stefano de Marco, all of the following
behaviors are different expressions of cyberbullying:
 Posting compromising photos or videos of the victim (these photos may be real, or they may
be the result of editing).
 Uploading a photo of the victim to a website as a means of exposing him or her to stigma or
ridicule.
 Creating a false profile using the victim’s name on social media, forums, etc.
 Participating aggressively in chats acting as the victim.
 Providing a person’s email address to certain websites so that he or she will receive spam
and/or contact from strangers, etc.
 Stealing a person’s email password, social media password, etc. in order to violate his or her
privacy.
 Spreading rumors on social media, accusing someone of questionable, offensive or disloyal
behavior.
 Sending threatening messages to the victim using electronic devices.
 Stalking the victim on websites and social media platforms that he or she uses habitually.

It’s important for parents to talk to their children about these types of crimes and monitor their
internet use as much as possible. That way, you can help protect them from becoming victims and
prevent them from becoming aggressors.
Cybercrime, also called computer crime, the use of a computer as an instrument to further illegal ends,
such as committing fraud, trafficking in child pornography and intellectual property, stealing
identities, or violating privacy. Cybercrime, especially through the Internet, has grown in importance
as the computer has become central to commerce, entertainment, and government. Because of the
early and widespread adoption of computers and the Internet in the United States, most of the earliest
victims and villains of cybercrime were Americans. By the 21st century, though, hardly a hamlet
remained anywhere in the world that had not been touched by cybercrime of one sort or another. New
technologies create new criminal opportunities but few new types of crime. What distinguishes
cybercrime from traditional criminal activity? Obviously, one difference is the use of the digital
computer, but technology alone is insufficient for any distinction that might exist between different
realms of criminal activity. Criminals do not need a computer to commit fraud, traffic in child
pornography and intellectual property, steal an identity, or violate someone’s privacy. All those
activities existed before the “cyber” prefix became ubiquitous. Cybercrime, especially involving the
Internet, represents an extension of existing criminal behaviour alongside some novel illegal activities.
Most cybercrime is an attack on information about individuals, corporations, or governments.
Although the attacks do not take place on a physical body, they do take place on the personal or
corporate virtual body, which is the set of informational attributes that define people and institutions
on the Internet. In other words, in the digital age our virtual identities are essential elements of
everyday life: we are a bundle of numbers and identifiers in multiple computer databases owned by
governments and corporations. Cybercrime highlights the centrality of networked computers in our
lives, as well as the fragility of such seemingly solid facts as individual identity. An important aspect
of cybercrime is its nonlocal character: actions can occur in jurisdictions separated by vast distances.
This poses severe problems for law enforcement since previously local or even national crimes now
require international cooperation. For example, if a person accesses child pornography located on a
computer in a country that does not ban child pornography, is that individual committing a crime in a
nation where such materials are illegal? Where exactly does cybercrime take place? Cyberspace is
simply a richer version of the space where a telephone conversation takes place, somewhere between
the two people having the conversation. As a planet-spanning network, the Internet offers criminals
multiple hiding places in the real world as well as in the network itself. However, just as individuals
walking on the ground leave marks that a skilled tracker can follow, cybercriminals leave clues as to
their identity and location, despite their best efforts to cover their tracks. In order to follow such clues
across national boundaries, though, international cybercrime treaties must be ratified.
Cybercrime ranges across a spectrum of activities. At one end are crimes that involve
fundamental breaches of personal or corporate privacy, such as assaults on the integrity of information
held in digital depositories and the use of illegally obtained digital information to blackmail a firm or
individual. Also at this end of the spectrum is the growing crime of identity theft. Midway along the
spectrum lie transaction-based crimes such as fraud, trafficking in child pornography, digital piracy,
money laundering, and counterfeiting. These are specific crimes with specific victims, but the criminal
hides in the relative anonymity provided by the Internet. Another part of this type of crime involves
individuals within corporations or government bureaucracies deliberately altering data for either profit
or political objectives. At the other end of the spectrum are those crimes that involve attempts to
disrupt the actual workings of the Internet. These range from spam, hacking, and denial of service
attacks against specific sites to acts of cyberterrorism—that is, the use of the Internet to cause public
disturbances and even death. Cyberterrorism focuses upon the use of the Internet by nonstate actors to
affect a nation’s economic and technological infrastructure. Since the September 11 attacks of 2001,
public awareness of the threat of cyberterrorism has grown dramatically.
Identity theft and invasion of privacy
Cybercrime affects both a virtual and a real body, but the effects upon each are different. This
phenomenon is clearest in the case of identity theft. In the United States, for example, individuals do
not have an official identity card but a Social Security number that has long served as a de facto
identification number. Taxes are collected on the basis of each citizen’s Social Security number, and
many private institutions use the number to keep track of their employees, students, and patients.
Access to an individual’s Social Security number affords the opportunity to gather all the documents
related to that person’s citizenship—i.e., to steal his identity. Even stolen credit card information can
be used to reconstruct an individual’s identity. When criminals steal a firm’s credit card records, they
produce two distinct effects. First, they make off with digital information about individuals that is
useful in many ways. For example, they might use the credit card information to run up huge bills,
forcing the credit card firms to suffer large losses, or they might sell the information to others who can
use it in a similar fashion. Second, they might use individual credit card names and numbers to create
new identities for other criminals. For example, a criminal might contact the issuing bank of a stolen
credit card and change the mailing address on the account. Next, the criminal may get a passport or
driver’s license with his own picture but with the victim’s name. With a driver’s license, the criminal
can easily acquire a new Social Security card; it is then possible to open bank accounts and receive
loans—all with the victim’s credit record and background. The original cardholder might remain
unaware of this until the debt is so great that the bank contacts the account holder. Only then does the
identity theft become visible. Although identity theft takes places in many countries, researchers and
law-enforcement officials are plagued by a lack of information and statistics about the crime
worldwide. Cybercrime is clearly, however, an international problem.
Internet Fraud
Schemes to defraud consumers abound on the Internet. Among the most famous is the Nigerian, or
“419,” scam; the number is a reference to the section of Nigerian law that the scam violates. Although
this con has been used with both fax and traditional mail, it has been given new life by the Internet. In
the scheme, an individual receives an e-mail asserting that the sender requires help in transferring a
large sum of money out of Nigeria or another distant country. Usually, this money is in the form of an
asset that is going to be sold, such as oil, or a large amount of cash that requires “laundering” to
conceal its source; the variations are endless, and new specifics are constantly being developed. The
message asks the recipient to cover some cost of moving the funds out of the country in return for
receiving a much larger sum of money in the near future. Should the recipient respond with a check or
money order, he is told that complications have developed; more money is required. Over time,
victims can lose thousands of dollars that are utterly unrecoverable.

References:

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 https://youaremom.com/teens/parenting-teens/understanding-your-teen/cybernetic-crimes/
 https://www.britannica.com/topic/cybercrime