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Research Misconduct

Research misconduct is defined as fabricating, falsifying, or plagiarizing in proposing, performing, or evaluating research. There are several types of research misconduct including fabricating or falsifying data, plagiarizing ideas from others or oneself, duplicating or redundantly publishing research findings, failing to consider ethics or obtain proper consent, and not thoroughly reviewing previous literature before beginning new research. Research misconduct also includes ignoring outliers or missing data, failing to disclose conflicts of interest, and disputes between researchers such as authorship order.

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412 views

Research Misconduct

Research misconduct is defined as fabricating, falsifying, or plagiarizing in proposing, performing, or evaluating research. There are several types of research misconduct including fabricating or falsifying data, plagiarizing ideas from others or oneself, duplicating or redundantly publishing research findings, failing to consider ethics or obtain proper consent, and not thoroughly reviewing previous literature before beginning new research. Research misconduct also includes ignoring outliers or missing data, failing to disclose conflicts of interest, and disputes between researchers such as authorship order.

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RESEARCH MISCONDUCT

“What is "Research Misconduct"? How many types does it have? Please


describe it.”
Research Misconduct definition:
According to Code of Federal Regulations: 42 CFR Part 93, research
misconduct means fabricating, falsifying, or plagiarizing in proposing,
performing or evaluating research or in reporting research results.
Types of research misconduct:
 Data fabrication and data falsification:
Data fabrication means creating falsified data that does not actually
exist.
Data falsification is the misleading data available to obtain the desired
results.
 Plagiarism and self-plagiarism:
Plagiarism means stealing other people's ideas.
Self-plagiarism means stealing someone's idea and assuming it is
yours without attribution.
 Duplicate publication, redundant publication and salami
publication:
Duplicate publication is the publication of two identical articles.
Redundant publication is the publication of two articles of rather
similar content.
Salami publication is two or multiple articles from single research.
 Ethics and Consent
If the research conducted involves humans, it is important to consider
all aspects of ethics, ensure the interests of research participants and
minimize any negative situations.
If research is done on animal subjects, it should be ensured that the
experiments are necessary and carried out safely. Taking care of the
animals well during research is also a way of showing respect for
them.
Studies with the intervention in human subjects such as in clinical
trials should be under serious consideration.
 Ignoring outliers, missing data and reporting post-hoc analyses
without declaration
Research results can be affected by any data analysis mistakes such
as ignoring outliers, ignoring missing data, reporting post-hoc
analyses without declaring them. Hence, the researchers have to
admit and declare any wrongdoings in the process of data analyses.
 Authorship disputes:
It is disagreements between researchers in the course of publishing
an article, such as the name and order of the authors in an article.
 Failing to disclose a conflict of interest:
Unwanted effects of the research publication process may arise from
a conflict of interest between researchers, reviewers and relevant
individuals, organizations. Therefore, it is necessary to disclose any
possible conflicts of interest prior to the publication of an article.
 Failure to carry out a thorough literature review before
beginning a new research
Before starting a new study, a review of related literature is essential.
Incomplete document review could lead to false or repeated
research.

Sources:
M. Rezaeian, “A Review on the Diverse Types of Research
Misconduct,” World Fam. Med. Journal/Middle East J. Fam. Med., vol.
12, no. 7, pp. 43–44, 2014, doi: 10.5742/mewfm.2014.92547.

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