API 682 Seal Selection Process Final
API 682 Seal Selection Process Final
682Seal Selection Process
© Copyright 2014 Hydraulic Institute, Inc.
Scott Svendsen
HI Seals Committee Chair
Director, Seal Engineering
Flowserve Corporation
© Copyright 2014 Hydraulic Institute, Inc.
API 682 Standard
• Widely applied in the Refining and Chemical Industry
• Commonly invoked on new project construction
• Global
• Guidance and Best Practices
• Design
• Materials
• Arrangement
• Selection Process
• Piping Plans
• Quality Requirements
• Documentation
3
Seal Selection Procedure
• Procedure was developed to capture selection
methods that have proven successful in the field
• Systematic method of selecting a seal type,
arrangement, and piping plans for a number of
common applications
• Does not cover every service
• Informative process
• Consists of 10 “Sheets” of steps
• New for 4th Edition: Two methods to determine
Arrangement
4
Sheet 1: Selection Flowchart
• Each application group
has its own path
although all application
groups share some
common selection
procedures
• Selection charts for
seal type and piping
plans are unique for
each fluid type
5
Fluid Types
• Basic refinery fluids have been divided into three
application groups:
• Non‐hydrocarbon – these fluids include water, sour water,
caustic, amines, crystallizing fluids, and some acids
• Non‐flashing hydrocarbons – this covers hydrocarbons
with a vapor pressure less than 1 bar (14.5 PSIA)
• Flashing hydrocarbons – This group covers hydrocarbons
with a vapor pressure greater than 1 bar (14.5 PSI)
6
Identify Service
• Identify application (fluid, temperature, pressure,
speed, contaminants, etc.)
• Classify fluid as non‐hydrocarbon, non‐flashing
hydrocarbon, or flashing hydrocarbon
• Determine if application is outside the range of the
selection criteria
• Over 260ºC (500ºF) or 21 bar (300 PSI) for Category 1 seals
• Over 400ºC (750ºF) or 41 bar (600 PSI) Category 2 and 3
seals
• Surface speeds above 23 m/s (4500 ft/min)
• Vapor pressures over 34 bar (493 PSIA)
• High concentration of solids
• Shafts larger than 110mm (4.3 inches) or smaller than
20mm (0.75 inches)
7
Sheet 2: Select Seal Category
• Selection based on features for each category
• Intended pump design
• Pressure and temperature
• Required features
• Required documentation
• Purchaser will specify category to seal supplier
8
Selection Flowchart
9
Sheets 3 – 5: Select Seal Type
Water Water Water
• Each application group
has its own sheet Pumping < 180 <180 >180
Temp, ºF
• Selection based on Pressure, <300 <300
matrix Category 1
• Output is seal type and Required
special
Fluid
circulating
required special features features device
10
Selection Flowchart
11
Sheet 6: Select Seal Arrangement
• Blah blah blah
• Blah blah blah
Sheet 6: Select Seal Arrangement
• Default Method – “Interview”
• Flowchart directs user through a series of Yes/No
questions
• Questions include the following topics
• Regulations
• Consequences of leakage on environment, personnel
safety, regulations
• Experience and operating practices
• Selection may be made by the user or seal OEM
• Output is selected seal Arrangement
13
Sheet 6: Select Seal Arrangement
• Blah blah blah
• Blah blah blah
Sheet 6: Select Seal Arrangement
• Alternate Method – Section A.4
• Uses Globally Harmonized System (GHS) MSDS
information to classify fluids based on risk
• Process considers risk factors
• “H” statement codes or “R” phrase codes
• Toxicity and Flammability
• Categorizes fluids into “Groups”
• Eliminates “judgment” decisions in the selection
process – objective process relies only on risk
• Output is seal Arrangement
15
Alternate Selection Method – Section A.4
• Group I
• Products that are intrinsically dangerous by their
presence, hence requiring the most conservative
sealing solution
• Requires Arrangement 3 Seal
16
Alternate Selection Method – Section A.4
• Group I
Alternate Selection Method – Section A.4
• Group II
• Products that are considered intrinsically
dangerous due to their toxicity and put personnel
at risk primarily by inhalation becoming dangerous
at increased concentration in the atmosphere
• This group requires a treatment of the risk from
equipment that normally has a small but
quantifiable leakage that may cause personnel to
be continually exposed to a polluted atmosphere
• Selects Arr 1, Arr 1+, Arr 2, or Arr 3 depending on
risk factors
18
Alternate Selection Method – Section A.4
• Group II
Alternate Selection Method – Section A.4
• Group III
• Products that are potentially dangerous but
require a second parameter, such as an ignition
source, for that danger to be realized
• The real danger occurs if the primary sealing
mechanism fails and large quantities of the
substance are released
• Selects Arr 1+, or Arr 2 – provides “containment”
in case of inner seal failure
20
Alternate Selection Method – Section A.4
• Group III
Alternate Selection Method – Section A.4
• Group IV
• For less hazardous fluids that existing drainage
systems within the plants keep from entering the
environment
• Selects Arr 1 or Arr 1+ since failure would not put
personnel at risk
22
Alternate Selection Method – Section A.4
• Group IV
Selection Flowchart
24
Sheets 7 – 9: Select Seal Flush Plan
• Each application
group has its own
sheet
• User begins the flow
chart at the starting
point for the selected
seal Arrangement
• Output is the
required piping
plan(s)
25
Sheet 10: Select Buffer/Barrier Fluid
• Standard gives basic guidelines for selection
of buffer and barrier fluids
• Topics include:
• Chemical and material compatibility
• Gas absorption on pressurized seals
• Recommended viscosity ranges
• Environmental and safety considerations
Module 4 Revision
12
Seal Selection Procedure
• Procedure was developed to capture selections that
have proven successful in the field
• Systematic method of selection for common
services
• Seal type
• Arrangement
• Piping plan(s)
• Buffer/Barrier fluid
• Does not cover every service
• Alternate Arrangement method allows for objective,
risk based selection
27
API 682Seal Selection Process
Questions
© Copyright 2014 Hydraulic Institute, Inc.