Scribd
Upload
663 views

Basic Laboratory Techniques and Operations: Experiment No. 1

This document provides instructions for basic laboratory techniques and operations. It describes how to properly handle chemicals and reagents, including transferring liquids, heating test tubes, and weighing solids. Precipitation and filtration are discussed as ways to separate mixtures. Filtration is identified as a more effective separation method than decantation because it produces a clearer filtrate, though decantation may be faster. Key safety practices are emphasized such as avoiding spills, using test tube holders, and not looking into heated tubes.

Uploaded by

Shainna Balote
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
663 views

Basic Laboratory Techniques and Operations: Experiment No. 1

This document provides instructions for basic laboratory techniques and operations. It describes how to properly handle chemicals and reagents, including transferring liquids, heating test tubes, and weighing solids. Precipitation and filtration are discussed as ways to separate mixtures. Filtration is identified as a more effective separation method than decantation because it produces a clearer filtrate, though decantation may be faster. Key safety practices are emphasized such as avoiding spills, using test tube holders, and not looking into heated tubes.

Uploaded by

Shainna Balote
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 2

Name: _________________________________________ Date: ___________________________

BASIC LABORATORY TECHNIQUES


Yr and Sec.:_____________________________________ AND
Instructor: OPERATIONS
____________________________

Group Number: _____________________________


OBSERVATIONS, DESCRIPTIONS, AND DATA Rating: ___________________________
Directions: Based from the module discussion, write down the correct techniques on how the following operations
must be done inside the laboratory. Moreover, you can also give the definitions of the experiment operations below.

1. Handling Chemicals and Reagents EXPERIMENT NO. 1


a. Transferring liquid reagents
Acidic liquid reagents are kept in bottles with glass stoppers. Alkaline liquic reagents are kept in bottles with
rubber stoppers. The proper way of handling a flat-topped stopper is to lay it with its flat side on the table. Glass
stoppers which have winged tops are always held with the wing between the fingers.

b. Heating liquid in a test tube

Half-fill a test tube with water. Hold the test tube with a test tube holder, tilt it about 450 and heat it by moving it
back and forth across the flame of the burner Do not point the tube to anyone nor look into the tube while it is being
heated.

c. Getting solid reagents

Solid reagents are spooned out from the bottle by using a clean and dry spatula (Fig. 4). Solid
chemicals are never handled with bare hands. In weighing solid substances, always use a watch
glass.

Never place the chemicals directly on the balance pans.

d. Weighing of solid reagents

Get a spatula of NaCl from the reagent bottle and place Fig. 4. Using a spatula for spooning the salt on a
previously weighed watch glass. Weigh the solid chemicals watch glass with NaCl. Record the data and calculate
the weight of the salt.
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
2. Precipitation

Precipitation is the interaction of two liquid chemical substances ree,ultinq in the formation of solid particles
suspended in the liquid, The solid particles produced are called precipitate.

In two separate test tubes, place 5 mL each of 0.5 M Add 5 mL of 0b M CaCl, and shake each test tube
gently. Set aside these mixtures for succeeding operations.

3. Filtration and Decantation


a. Filtration
The process of separating solid particles from a liquid by pouring a mixture through a filter paper is called
filtration. The liquid that passes through the filter paper is called the filtrate. The filter paper may be folded along its
radius into a quadrant, or it may be fluted by pleating it radially
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
_________
b. Decantation

Solid particles which readily settle at the bottom of the container are separated from the liquid layer when the liquid
5. Evaporation

Transfer the saturated solution to an evaporating dish placed on a hot plate. Heat gently until all
the liquid disappears and only the solid residue remains in the evaporating dish.

QUESTIONS

1. What is the use of the glass rod in transferring liquid reagents?

It used when pouring liquids in order to avoid spills.


Using a glass rod or other object reduces this potential by allowing the water to stick to the rod instead.

2. When heating liquids in a test tube, why is the test tube moved back and forth across the flame?

The test tube must be moved back and forth over the flame to make theheating uniform. Concentrating
the heat at the bottom of the test tubemay break the test tube and also may eject the contents due to
suddenboiling.

5. Do not point the open end of the test tube to anyone to avoid accidents.6. If the liquid to be heated is
flammable, use a water bath.

3. Why should the spatula be used for spooning solid chemicals from a reagent bottle be clean and
dry?

. so you don't contaminate the chemicals


2. so the chemicals don't react with the metal/substance on the spatula
3. so you end up with more exact weight of the chemical you are spooning

4. What is formed when calcium chloride and sodium carbonate are mixed?

Calcium Carbonate

5. Compare filtration with decantation. Which is more effective in separating solids from liquids?
Explain your answer.
The major difference between decantation and filtration is in the process by which it is achieved.
Decantation is a process for the separation of mixtures of immiscible liquids and solid such as suspension.

Filtration, on the other hand, is a process of separating solids from liquids by passing it through a medium
only a liquid can pass.

filtration is better than sedimentation and decantation.


Reference: Ocampo, T & Mora, E (2015). Laboratory Manual in General Chemistry Part I,
Second Edition. C&E Publishing, Inc.
Decantation is supposed to be faster, but may produce a not so clear filtrate. Filtration could produce a
clearer filtrate, but may take more time, especially when a thick layer of solids has formed on the filter.
However, filtration using vacuum technology could be fast.

You might also like