(IJACSA) International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications,

Vol. 10, No. 9, 2019

IoT based Temperature and Humidity

Controlling using Arduino and Raspberry Pi
Lalbihari Barik
Department of Information Systems, Faculty of Computing and Information Technology in Rabigh
King Abdulaziz University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Abstract—Internet of Things (IoT) plays a pivotal part in our All these devices that enable them to upload input as well
mundane daily life by controlling electronic devices using as output to the Internet using cloud provisioning. The
networks. The controlling is done by minutely observing the information thus garnered is accessible for monitoring and
important parameters which generate vital pieces of information analysis anywhere in the globe via the internet [3]. In order to
concerning the functioning of these electronic devices. cut down on human effort and involvement, of late people
Simultaneously, this information will transmit these vital increasingly depend on embedded systems to control and
statistics from the transmitting device as well as save the same on monitor the factors affecting the ecosystem. Temperature and
the cloud to access by the applications and supplementary humidity are vital in observing and understanding nature. IoT
procedures to use them. This scrutiny associates the outcomes of
comes into the picture here by significantly enhancing the
the environmental observances like the humidity and
temperature measurements using sensors. The gathered
efficiency of the mechanism and systematically cutting down
information could be profitably used to produce actions like on human involvement, and thereby overall expenditure [4].
distantly dominant cooling, heating devices, or long term Practically, every part of exercise contains controlled
statistics, which will be useful to control the same. The detected schedules of temperature as well as humidity. However, the
data are uploaded to the cloud storage through network and exact value of temperature with its significant feature in any
associate using android application. The system employs Arduino field is essential in monitoring [5]. Constant perception in
UNO with Raspberry Pi, HTU 211D sensor device, and an
temperature is utilized in various industries like the
ESP8266 Wi-Fi module. The experimental results show the live
pharmaceutical industry as the driving force behind these
temperature and humidity of the surroundings and the soil
moisture of any plant using Arduino UNO with Raspberry Pi. monitoring systems, computerized and straightforward
Raspberry Pi is mainly used here for checking the temperature temperature sensors can use [6]. Resistors, semiconductors,
and humidity through the HTU 211D sensor element. The thermistors estimate temperatures values. These components
sensors are used for measuring the temperatures from the are present inside the sensor to retrieve the temperature in
surroundings, storing displayed information with different consonance with the circumstances. The primary goal of our
devices. Here, the ESP8266 Wi-Fi module has been used for data system is to supervise the live temperature and humidity within
storing purpose. a low cost [7].

Keywords—IoT; Raspberry Pi; Arduino UNO; data Raspberry Pi is the observational system or controller
transmission; sensors which is used for the cloud saving. Python is the programming
language which is utilized in Raspberry Pi. HTU 211D sensors
I. INTRODUCTION is a temperature sensor which is used here for the sensing
purpose [8]. This comprises of temperature ascertaining
IoT is used for connecting the electronic devices with the
capacity and favorable fundamental position of utilizing HTU
internet. The devices may vary from the temperature measuring
211D sensors, which boasts of less weight and ease of use. The
equipment and vehicles SOS system to other electronic devices
sensor is associated with Raspberry Pi utilizing connecting
such as sensors, software‟s, and network connectivity facilities,
wires. Temperature sensor HTU 211D sensors is utilizing is
which sanction collecting and exchanging data. The twenty-
perused put away, and shown in the Raspberry Pi unit [9].
first century has witnessed a massive paradigm shift to and
focusing on global attention onto IoT as a burgeoning IoT based devices in homes and industries are used for
discipline with multiple possibilities and diverse opportunities controlling all the electrical or electronic devices which are
for growth and development [1]. Internet connection facilitates present. Additionally, the saved information of the IoT devices
the smooth functioning of the devices that have become can be controlled from anywhere [10]. The sensor analyzes the
indispensable parts of our day-to-day lives and existence. The graphical representation of the observed data in every user-
Internet offers the provision to link and network different kinds defined format wherever in the world. In this work, IoT based
of devices like sensors and fitness devices. In the changed Arduino with Raspberry Pi microcontroller is used. Humidity
scenario post the September 11, 2001 attack on the United and temperature monitoring using Arduino is an exciting and
States where surveillance has gained paramount importance in secure process. Furthermore, this flexible system obtains more
proposed model security and survival, the internet facilitates values in calculating the actuator from the data saved on the
wholesome and perfect monitoring systems using closed- internet [11]. For connecting the Arduino board with Raspberry
circuit cameras [2]. Pi, USB line serial interface is essential to connect with any
application [12].

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II. LITERATURE REVIEW Additionally, internet interface based systems are

Arduino controller system is used for measuring the developed that utilizes a wireless device network (WDN) for
temperature and wetness of the devices, pressure, and height agricultural area monitoring [23]. WDN consists of a frequency
measurement. The setup contains the height measuring device transmitter and a receiver. AVR-ZigBee, Bluetooth-module,
and a measuring or controlling instrument. In this work, they temperature, humidity, soil wet sensors, and LCDs are used in
proposed an Arduino UNO with Raspberry Pi data processing this research [24]. Smart PZT sensors were used as an actuator
unit [13]. Along with this setup, a Cube satellite is included and receiver, coupled with two XBee‟s and two Ardiuno as
here to supply the data of weather condition when no network signal generator and signal receiver in damage identification
coverage is available. This method has advantages like ease of [25]. This method is reliable and economical for agricultural
construction, portable device; price is economical, low power, unit‟s observation system.
and a reliable system. III. ARCHITECTURE OF THE SYSTEM
However, there are some disadvantages like not used in This part concludes that the combination of Arduino UNO
long-distance while powerful transceiver sections are not with Raspberry Pi is a perfect method for electronic device
present, and the gas balloon is also hauling, and parts could be monitoring, data collection, and data saving. This paper helps
broken in the rain or during practice. Alternative energy panel to calculate the humidity and temperature values of the
method did a significant role in measuring the aforementioned particular surroundings using the DHT-11 Temperature Sensor,
parameters [14]. The apparent statistical data are first collected and the results are graphically analyzed by one ThingSpeak
and then sent by the use of a GSM module through the platform software and an ESP8266 Wi-Fi module [7]. Fig. 1
receiver. A server is used here for connection and collection of shows the overall block diagram setup of the proposed system.
information.
In this system, the Arduino mega 2560 Raspberry Pi
Weather surveillance development system can be used in microcontroller is used for controlling the temperature, water
gathering real-time information as well as for transmission level, and the humidity levels. The Arduino mega 2560
[15]. They have achieved by introducing a VAISALA Raspberry Pi microcontroller is the heart of this system also the
WXT520 weather transmitter device to transmit the power supply used here is a solar panel instead of the regular
information from one place to another place [16]. This device electric supply. Along with this controlling process, the system
senses all the ecological parameters and their ratio. Then the is capable of switching on and off the DC motor based on the
collected real-time information‟s are transmitted wirelessly soil water content level as well as the rainy season. Moreover,
over a long distance through GSM [17]. This method provides the system is also portable on the weather forecast.
flexibility because, in this method, one can add or remove the
measuring parameters. Santhosh et al. [18] had projected a new In this work, the calculation of the humidity and
model for ecological observation applications. temperature value of the particular surface area is being done
using the HTU-211D sensor. The sensor is preferably used for
In this method, they proposed a system for patient sensing the humidity and temperature of any area. Then the
monitoring and transmitting their measured data to the doctors. sensors sensed data are controlled and collected by the Arduino
The medical base station and variety of distributed wireless UNO with Raspberry Pi microcontroller: Power Supply from
device nodes are employed in this work for transmitting and solar Panel is served for the microcontroller.
receiving purpose [19]. Here the Base station is developed by
Raspberry Pi device node along with the Zigbee [20]. The The system is beneficial for farmers to work in the non-
device is accessed by the use of nodes with internet Wi-Fi for power sector to save electricity. Moreover, the results are
gathering the information from the transmitting place. The web graphically analyzed by using the one ThingSpeak platform
application which is developed is Apache protocol internet through the ESP8266 Wi-Fi module. Finally, collected data
server [21]. This method has the following advantages like from the HTU 211D sensor, saved the same data, and analyzed
affordable, compacted, easy to modify, and simple to keep up the data by using the cloud data module [8].
and have the drawback of group action sensing modalities to
receiver nodes [22].

Fig. 1. Overall Block Diagram.

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Fig. 2 shows the solar panel power supply supplied to the mega 2560 Raspberry Pi microcontroller is the sole of this
whole system. During periods of rain, the battery saved data is arrangement, as well as the used power supply in this work, is
supplied. So, this will be beneficial for the farmers in the solar panel as a replacement for the regular home power
monitoring the agriculture area. Fig. 3 shows the circuit supply. Because the solar panel installation only required some
diagram for measuring the humidity and temperature of an amount; after the installation, there is no money spending
area. It shows the solar power supply of the system with an required. Next to the controlling process of such arrangement,
Arduino MCU with Raspberry Pi microcontroller, HTU 211D in addition to that, it can switch on and off the DC motor
sensor, and an ESP8266 Wi-Fi module. support on the soil water content level as well as the weather
season. Furthermore, the system is convenient for the weather
Temperature detector which is used here is a 4-pin low forecast.
price extremely reliable detector named HTU 211D
SENSORS. The first pin is connected with a Vcc node point. Then the collected data are transferred to the farmers live
Here, the utilized power supply is a solar panel. The second pin through the GSM to their cell phones. Based on the water level
is an information pin which will collect all the information measuring system, the collected data are sending to the
from outside and provides information to the microcontroller. farmer‟s cell phone continuously. They can switch on or off
The sensor pin configuration of HTU 211D sensor detectors is their motor based on the collected data from the water level
represented in Fig. 3. measuring system. This is beneficial for the farmers to control
the motors as well as can watch their plants from their house.
The temperature detector is very much useful for getting Moreover, this helps the plants from the overwatering. The
digital signal output. The HTU 211D SENSOR detector system is beneficial for water scarcity problems. The values are
includes a resistive wetness component and is connected to an uploaded within the stipulated time period through the ESP-
extraordinarily high-performing-8-bit-microcontroller. This 8266 Wi-Fi system. Then, from the Cloud, the humidity and
sensor provides the best worth output, fast response, low cost, temperature standards are measured using one ThingSpeak
and is interference-proof. Their temperatures vary from 00C- platform from anywhere.
550C, and the wetness value is among 20-90%.
Here, the used open data platform source is ThingSpeak
To transfer the readings of the device from HTU 211D software, which is free. Two-parameter tabs as humidity and
sensor to open the supply cloud ThingSpeak software, Arduino temperature are selected in Fig. 5. After the new channel log in
UNO with Raspberry Pi interfaces at the output with a LAN two API keys are generated. The original String API Key is
module named ESP-8266. In this module, ESP-8266 LAN “NTIM1RXET6YVUVWF”. Then replace the above line with
semiconductor device is connected with a full TCP/IP protocol the given program API key. Next, substitute the Host Name
stack. A voltage of 3.3V is ideal, which is then connected by and Password with Wi-Fi name and Wi-Fi password. The
Arduino UNO with Raspberry Pi on PC. The calculation is original String-Hostname is “Jonah” and the password is
performed using the AT command and wants the desired “2569696”.
sequence, to be used as a saver. The module will work on each
saver and server. It gets associated when connected to LAN
through the module so that it can transmit over the web.
During the testing of the ESP-8266 module, the module is
connected with the Arduino UNO Raspberry Pi. Then the
programmed Arduino UNO Raspberry Pi set up is connected
with the ThingSpeak platform through the ESP8266 LAN
module. ESP8266 LAN module acts as a protocol shopper, and Fig. 2. Solar Panel.
it will send the knowledge to ThingSpeak server. ThingSpeak
is the best IoT platform used for data collection and storage
purposes. Another unique feature of ThingSpeak is the data
analysis and comparison module. Comparison between two
different days can be accomplished using ThingSpeak
platform.
The HTU 211D sensors are used to senses the humidity and
temperature, and transfer the collected data through the 5th pin
of Arduino MCU connected Raspberry Pi, as shown in Fig. 4.
This set up can also control the DC fan, motor, and water
levels for supporting farmers. Then the measured values of
humidity and temperature values from the Arduino MCU are
uploaded to the Cloud.
Fig. 4 is the overall hardware setup of the proposed system.
This arrangement the Arduino mega 2560 Raspberry Pi
microcontroller is worn to design for calculating the
temperature, water level, and the humidity levels of the
primary agricultural areas also help the farmers. The Arduino Fig. 3. Adafruit HTU 211D Sensors.

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Fig. 4. Circuits and Boards.

Fig. 5. Cloud, Humidity and Temperature Measurement.

Fig. 6 shows the overall setup with all sensors and cloud. polls the device to retrieve information and sends over the web
The figure clearly shows the cloud, humidity, and temperature to ThingSpeak.
measurement systems. The program should be verified with the
Wi-Fi setup. To import the DHT library in Arduino Integrated To begin with, Raspberry Pi should be ready, and for that,
Development Environment (IDE), select the input sketch from need NOOBS. It is a software-based system manager that
the selected input folder. Then click „import‟ to retrieve the simplifies transfer, install, and then acquired wind of Raspberry
data from the library. To save cloud in the library, click „add Pi. Boot the NOOBS system once in the beginning; then get a
library‟; then select the library that has downloaded. Compile variety of operating systems (OS) to decide on from the
the sketch/program and upload to Arduino MCU through system. NOOBS makes obtaining started with Pi simple and
Arduino IDE. For these steps, better internet connectivity is includes a bunch of in OS to decide. The Raspberry Pi itself
indispensable, and hence, it should ensure beforehand. does not go together with the software system. Raspbian is the
“official” software system of the Raspberry Pi. Raspbian has
The central unit may be a microcontroller (Arduino UNO) been the quality Raspberry Pi in OS like UNIX.
and acts as the central processor unit for the complete system.
This unit interfaces with the device chip as the input for Since the system includes temperature and humidity
receiving temperature and humidness readings. For output, it watching, one device interface is required and no native storage
interfaces with the Wi-Fi module to send the received of information. Designate Arduino UNO with Raspberry Pi
information to the cloud over the web. The microcontroller microcontroller that serves the purpose well because of its
simplicity, lustiness, and low value. Fig. 6 shows an image of

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Arduino UNO with Raspberry Pi microcontroller utilized in the IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
proposed system. This microcontroller board is predicated on IoT based temperature and humidity measurement system
the ATmega328P. The controller has a USB port, 14 digital provides an economical and safe system. This is very useful for
input/output pins, 6 analog input pins, 16 megacycle quartz the detection of agricultural-related parameters. The results of
with a power jack, and a button. It is battery-powered with a the temperature and humidness will see on the Raspbian OS
battery. It is programmable with the Arduino IDE via a sort B terminal. The central hardware element of the proposed system
USB cable. is the microcontroller that interfaces with alternative elements
The all humidity and temperature values will be uploaded of the system. Since the system includes temperature and
on the ThingSpeak platform. After that, one can see its humidity controlling that one device interface is required and
graphical representation of both humidity and temperature no primary storage of information. This designated an Arduino
values in a separate view window, as shown in Fig. 7. If one UNO with Raspberry Pi microcontroller.
wishes to change the channel or field name, one can change it In this regards, the Arduino mega 2560 Raspberry Pi
from the channel settings. Finally, the collected data are microcontroller‟s controlling the temperature, water level, and
transferred to the farmers time to time with the GSM to their the humidity levels measurement plots are plotted. The
cell phones. This is beneficial for the farmers to control the Arduino mega 2560 Raspberry Pi microcontroller used the
motors as well as can watch their plants from their house. The solar panel instead of the proposed electric supply. The
proposed hardware prototype is shown in Fig. 17. comparisons between the supply usage and their advantages
are studied. Moreover, the graphs of the controlling process
system, switch on and off the DC motor based on the soil water
content level and the weathers forecasting are plotted. Water
supply content levels, as well as the rainy season are drawn in
the ThingSpeak software.
Fig. 8 shows the water level checking setup. In this setup,
the sensor first senses the water level. Then data is then
transferred to the farmers live through the GSM to their cell
phones. This is beneficial for the farmers to control the motors
as well as can watch their plants from their houses.
Fig. 9 shows the comparison between the solar panel
powers to standard power. In this work, instead of the standard
power supply, a solar panel supply is used. The ThingSpeak
software attains the generated power difference to standard
power.
Fig.10 graph shows the humidity results of the proposed
system. Humidity is the quantity of water vapor present in the
Fig. 6. Overall Set up with All Sensors and Cloud. air. The water vapor amount is essential to attain the saturation
state in proportion with the increase in temperature value. As
the temperature of a parcel of air is low, it will eventually reach
the saturation point without adding or losing the mass of water.
The quantity of water vapor enclosed in the air can vary
significantly.
Fig. 11 shows the comparison graph between the
temperature and humidity levels every two hours. This is
essential for the system. These comparisons are used for the
weather forecasting unit of the proposed model. The
temperature and humidity levels are proportional to each other.

Fig. 7. Channel Settings. Fig. 8. Water Level Checking Setup.

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cloud. Then the collected data is communicated

uninterruptedly to the farmers live through the GSM to their
cell phones. Based on the water level measuring system, the
collected data will be sent to the farmer‟s cell phones
continuously. They can switch on or off their motor based on
the collected data from the water level measuring system. This
is beneficial for the farmers to control the motors.
Fig. 12 shows the Temperature and Humidity in Real-time.
It is essential for plants growth level-based systems. The plant's
growths are depended upon both the parameters. If the farmers
are not conscious in that the plants will die. Besides, it enables
them to monitor their plants from within the comforts of their
homes. It will also help to ensure that the plants never suffer
from over-watering. Again, the system is beneficial when it
comes to water scarcity problems. The values are uploaded
within the stipulated time period through the ESP-8266 Wi-Fi
system. Then, from the cloud, the humidity and temperature
standards are measured using one ThingSpeak platform from
anywhere.
Fig. 13 shows the Real-time temperature and humidity of
the proposed system. This figure shows the flow of the system
functionality wherever HTU 211D SENSORS offers live
Fig. 9. Comparison between the Solar Panel Powers to Standard Power. readings of temperature and wetness at the same time to the
microcontroller that sends these reading through the Wi-Fi
module over the web to the ThingSpeak cloud.

Fig. 10. Graphical view of the Humidity.

Fig. 12. Temperature and Humidity in Real-Time.

Fig. 11. Comparison between Temperature and Humidity.

Thus, from these results, if the temperature of the

surrounding increases, the humidity value of air decreases.
Similarly, from the predicted humidity results, if the season is
rainy, much water need not be supplied to the plants. This set
up can also control the DC fan, motor, and water levels for
supporting farmers. Then the measured values of humidity and
temperature values from the Arduino MCU are uploaded to the Fig. 13. Real-Time Temperature and Humidity.

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Fig. 14 shows the graphical view of the temperature

measurement every two hours. Temperature measurement is a
widespread technique in IoT based agricultural monitoring
system. Its importance cannot be overstated, whether it is
summer or winter, spring or autumn. So, HTU 211D
temperature sensor is used in the proposed work environment
to sense and monitor the temperature. The temperature of that
place is monitored with the help of the internet using IoT.
Fig. 15 shows the measured atmospheric pressure of the
proposed model. Temperature monitoring is employed in
Fig. 15. Measured Atmosphere Pressure.
various applications like temperature, pressure, flow rate, and
capacity. In the agricultural area, temperature monitoring is
essential because based on the temperature, the plants' growth
and photosynthesis happen. So, to monitor the agriculture field,
as well as to save the plants from overheat death and to reduce
the human effort in this work, the effective utilization of IoT is
proposed.
The weather forecasters are essential in the agricultural
field. The plant's growths are depended on environmental
changes only. Fig. 16 shows the Weather forecast output of the
proposed work. It is necessary for the time of agriculture. The
farmers can watch all the things from their home. In this work,
the humidity, light, wind, and the percentage of rainfall is in
the same area. It can monitor and arrange the necessary actions
from their own place.
Fig. 17 shows the proposed hardware setup of the humidity
and temperature using the Arduino Mega 2560. IoT web based
temperature monitoring is a type of temperature recorder that Fig. 16. Weather Forecast Output.
monitors the temperature of the field. Then, it stores the data in
a database and displays the live temperature on the website
through a web server. The system will continuously monitor
the temperature condition of the particular area at anytime and
anywhere using the web. The primary reason for promoting
this proposed model is user-friendly and makes agriculture
smart.
Fig. 18 shows the constant temperature maintenance of the
system enhances the process of agriculture at the time of the
harvesting process. In this work, the constant humidity and
temperature control are necessary.
Fig. 19 shows the single-day temperature graph of the Fig. 17. Proposed Setup of Humidity and Temperature using Arduino Mega
2560.
proposed system. It is beneficial for the weather forecasting
and the day by day weather monitoring process.

Fig. 14. Graphical view of the Temperature Measurements Every Two Hours. Fig. 18. Constant Temperature Maintenance.

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Fig. 20. DC Motor Control by Water Level.

TABLE. II. COMPARISON BETWEEN BLOCKCHAIN MODELS WITH IOT

SYSTEM

Blockchain IoT
Decentralized Centralized
Resource consuming Resource restricted

Fig. 19. One Day Temperature Graph. Block mining is time-

Demand low latency
consuming
Table I portrays the comparison between the state of the art Scale poorly with a large IoT considered to contains a large number
methods. In temperature monitoring in the proposed model network of devices
utilizes sensor monitoring and controlling with Arduino IoT devices have limited bandwidth and
High bandwidth consumption
microcontroller. Power usage the Solar panel is used for power resources
saving purpose. In this work, the sensor monitoring and Has better security Security is one of the big challenges of IoT
controlling with Arundino controller is used for monitoring the
pressure. Finally, the weather conditions and all the above said V. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE
monitoring plots are done with the ThingSpeak platform.
IoT based temperature and humidity detecting device
Fig. 20 shows the DC motor control based on the water provides an efficient and definitive system for monitoring
level of the soil. The water levels are measured with the water agricultural parameters. The system also provides a corrective
level checking set up shown in Fig. 8. Moreover, from the movement or decision-making system. IoT based monitoring
measured values of the Arduino control, the DC motors are of area is a handiest, but it also allows the consumers to
controlled. It is an excellent method for farmers. The proposed research the correct modifications within the surroundings and
work is beneficial for physically challenged peoples who are for taking possible action. It is inexpensive and consumes
doing agriculture. It will make a great revolution in agriculture. much less electricity. The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per
Table II shows the comparison between the blockchain capitals in agriculture can be multiplied and helps to add our
models with the IoT system. IoT is centralized with a low need parameters.
latency system. IoT main advantage is the large system This set up can also control the DC fan, motor, and water
adaptation model. That is the reason behind the proposed levels for supporting farmers. Then the measured values of
model. humidity and temperature values from the Arduino MCU are
uploaded to the cloud. Then the collected data are transferred
TABLE. I. COMPARISON BETWEEN STATE OF THE ART METHODS to the farmers live through the GSM to their cell phones. Based
Methods Existing Proposed on the water level measuring system, the collected data are
sending to the farmer‟s cell phone continuously. They can
Temperature Sensor Sensor monitoring and switch on or off their motor based on the collected data from
Monitoring monitoring controlling with Arundino
the water level measuring system. It is beneficial for the
Solar Power usage Nil The solar panel is used farmers to control the motors as well as can watch their plants
DC motor monitoring and from their house. Moreover, also it will help the plants from
Controlling systems Nil
controlling by water level the overwatering. This system is beneficial for water scarcity
Sensor Sensor monitoring and problems.
Humidity Monitoring
monitoring controlling with Arundino
IoT based system can be extended for controlling
Sensor Sensor monitoring and extraordinary electronic and electric devices from remote
Pressure Monitoring
monitoring controlling with Arundino locations. Moreover, the system also can be extended for
Weather forecasting Nil With ThingSpeak platform finding the moisture of soil and the farm monitoring for
animals growth.

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In the future, the extensive Arduino system can put into [11] Jiansheng PENG W.L, Qiwen HE, Design of smart home system based
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