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Pan, Lan, Wan, Man and Sampiling, Coding, Quantization

The document discusses Personal Area Networks (PAN), Local Area Networks (LAN), and Wide Area Networks (WAN). It defines each network and provides their key characteristics and advantages/disadvantages. A PAN connects personal devices like computers, phones and tablets within 10 meters of a person. LANs connect devices within a building or campus and allow sharing of resources. WANs connect LANs over long distances using technologies like telephone lines.

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183 views7 pages

Pan, Lan, Wan, Man and Sampiling, Coding, Quantization

The document discusses Personal Area Networks (PAN), Local Area Networks (LAN), and Wide Area Networks (WAN). It defines each network and provides their key characteristics and advantages/disadvantages. A PAN connects personal devices like computers, phones and tablets within 10 meters of a person. LANs connect devices within a building or campus and allow sharing of resources. WANs connect LANs over long distances using technologies like telephone lines.

Uploaded by

roshan raj
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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What is PAN (Personal Area Network)?

PAN is a computer network formed around a person. It generally consists of a


computer, mobile, or personal digital assistant. PAN can be used for establishing
communication among these personal devices for connecting to a digital network
and the internet.

Characteristics of PAN
 It is mostly personal devices network equipped within a limited area.
 Allows you to handle the interconnection of IT devices at the surrounding of
a single user.
 PAN includes mobile devices, tablet, and laptop.
 It can be wirelessly connected to the internet called WPAN.
 Appliances use for PAN: cordless mice, keyboards, and Bluetooth systems.

Advantages of PAN
Here, are important pros/benefits of using PAN network:

 PAN networks are relatively secure and safe


 It offers only short-range solution up to ten meters
 Strictly restricted to a small area

Disadvantages of PAN
Here are important cons/ drawback of using PAN network:

 It may establish a bad connection to other networks at the same radio bands.
 Distance limits.

What is LAN?
A Local Area Network (LAN) is a group of computer and peripheral devices
which are connected in a limited area such as school, laboratory, home, and office
building. It is a widely useful network for sharing resources like files, printers,
games, and other application. The simplest type of LAN network is to connect
computers and a printer in someone's home or office. In general, LAN will be used
as one type of transmission medium.

It is a network which consists of less than 5000 interconnected devices across


several buildings.

Characteristics of LAN
Here are important characteristics of a LAN network:

 It is a private network, so an outside regulatory body never controls it.


 LAN operates at a relatively higher speed compared to other WAN systems.
 There are various kinds of media access control methods like token ring and
ethernet.

Advantages of LAN
Here are pros/benefits of using LAN:

 Computer resources like hard-disks, DVD-ROM, and printers can share


local area networks. This significantly reduces the cost of hardware
purchases.
 You can use the same software over the network instead of purchasing the
licensed software for each client in the network.
 Data of all network users can be stored on a single hard disk of the server
computer.
 You can easily transfer data and messages over networked computers.
 It will be easy to manage data at only one place, which makes data more
secure.
 Local Area Network offers the facility to share a single internet connection
among all the LAN users.

Disadvantages of LAN
Here are the important cons/ drawbacks of LAN:

 LAN will indeed save cost because of shared computer resources, but the
initial cost of installing Local Area Networks is quite high.
 The LAN admin can check personal data files of every LAN user, so it does
not offer good privacy.
 Unauthorized users can access critical data of an organization in case LAN
admin is not able to secure centralized data repository.
 Local Area Network requires a constant LAN administration as there are
issues related to software setup and hardware failures

What is WAN?
WAN (Wide Area Network) is another important computer network that which is
spread across a large geographical area. WAN network system could be a
connection of a LAN which connects with other LAN's using telephone lines and
radio waves. It is mostly limited to an enterprise or an organization.

Characteristics of LAN:
 The software files will be shared among all the users; therefore, all can
access to the latest files.
 Any organization can form its global integrated network using WAN.

Advantages of WAN
Here are the benefits/ pros of using WAN:

 WAN helps you to cover a larger geographical area. Therefore business


offices situated at longer distances can easily communicate.
 Contains devices like mobile phones, laptop, tablet, computers, gaming
consoles, etc.
 WLAN connections work using radio transmitters and receivers built into
client devices.

Disadvantage of WAN
Here are drawbacks/cons of using WAN:

 The initial setup cost of investment is very high.


 It is difficult to maintain the WAN network. You need skilled technicians
and network administrators.
 There are more errors and issues because of the wide coverage and the use
of different technologies.
 It requires more time to resolve issues because of the involvement of
multiple wired and wireless technologies.
 Offers lower security compared to other types of networks.

What is MAN?

A Metropolitan Area Network or MAN is consisting of a computer network across


an entire city, college campus, or a small region. This type of network is large than
a LAN, which is mostly limited to a single building or site. Depending upon the
type of configuration, this type of network allows you to cover an area from
several miles to tens of miles.

Characteristics of MAN
Here are important characteristics of the MAN network:

 It mostly covers towns and cities in a maximum 50 km range


 Mostly used medium is optical fibers, cables
 Data rates adequate for distributed computing applications.

Advantages of MAN
Here are pros/benefits of using MAN system:

 It offers fast communication using high-speed carriers, like fiber optic


cables.
 It provides excellent support for an extensive size network and greater
access to WANs.
 The dual bus in MAN network provides support to transmit data in both
directions concurrently.
 A MAN network mostly includes some areas of a city or an entire city.

Disadvantages of MAN
Here are drawbacks/ cons of using the MAN network:

 You need more cable to establish MAN connection from one place to
another.
 In MAN network it is tough to make the system secure from hackers

Sampling• The process of converting continuous time in to discrete values is called sampling.

• The time axis is divided in to fixed intervals.

• The reading of each value of analog signal is taken for each time interval.
Quantization:

• The process of converting continuous sample values into discrete values is called quantization.

• In this process we divide the signal range into a fixed number of intervals.

• Each intervals is of same size and is assigned a number. These intervals are numbered between 0
to 7.

• Each sample falls in one of the intervals and is assigned that interval's number.

Coding:

• The process of representing quantized values digitally is called coding

• In our example, eight quantizing levels are used. These levels can be coded using 3 bits if the binary
system is used, so each sample is represented by 3 bits.

• The analog signal is represented digitally by the following series of binary numbers: 001, 011, 100,
100, 010, 001, 011, 110, and 110.

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