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WEEK 1 and 2

Science
Quarter 3 – Module 1:
PARTICLE NATURE OF MATTER
MELC: Explain the properties of solids, liquids, and gases based on the

particle nature of matter. Objectives:

1. infer from given situations or observable events what matter is made

of; and
2. explain how these observed situations or events give evidence
that matter is made up of tiny particles.
3. infer if particles of matter move; and
4. represent through a drawing/illustration what is between particles of
matter.

Let’s Try

Directions: Match each TERM on the left with the best DESCRIPTOR on
the right. Write your answer on your Science study notebook.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

Source: https://www.sheffield.k12.oh.us
 Let’s Explore and Discover

We were surrounded by matter. Everything we use every day, every

food we take, every clothes we use to comfort us and many more are
simply made from matter. It comes in different state as either solid, liquid
or gas.
Matter is defined as anything that occupies space and has mass. The
mass of an object is a measure of the amount of matter the object has.
The measure of the space occupied by an object is called volume. There
are other properties of matter such as hardness, texture, color, flexibility,
malleability and electrical conductivity which vary from sample to
another. But, what is inside a matter?
Imagine you have a one (1) whole sheet of a paper. Then, you divide
them into two. You further divide each of the two pieces into smaller
pieces. You keep on dividing the smaller pieces of paper. Until, you will
reach a point wherein you cannot further divide a piece. The smallest
pieces of paper are what makes up a paper and this is called a particle. As
you proceed, you will learn about these particles and how does it
influence the properties of solid, liquid and gas.
Studying about what matter is made of involves dealing with very
small “particles” beyond what your eyes can see. In fact, the ancient
Greek philosophers proposed ideas about what matter was made of.
Almost 2,500 years ago, Leucippus and his disciple, Democritus believed
that nature consisted of two things, “atoms and the void that surrounds
them” (Knieram, 1995-2013). They believed that “atoms are physically,
but not geometrically, indivisible.” For Democritus, atoms are
indestructible and completely full, so there is no empty space. Both
Leucippus and Democritus had the idea that there are many different
kinds of atoms and each of them had specific shape and size and that all
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atoms move randomly around in space. However, they did not give an
explanation for the motion of atoms. (Knieram, 1995-2013).
Democritus believed that any piece of matter can be divided and
subdivided into very small particles but that this process ended at some
point when a piece is reached that could not be further divided. He called
this particle, atomos, a Greek word which means indivisible particle.
Democritus’ ideas about the atom were later challenged by other Greek
philosophers, most strongly by Aristotle.
The idea of the atom was not further explored until a little over two
centuries ago when John Dalton presented concrete evidence that all
matter is made of very small particles called atoms. An atom is the
smallest particle of an element that has all the properties of the element.
Today, we know that although atoms are very small, they are not
indivisible as Democritus thought, rather they consist of still smaller
particles, Democritus was right in one aspect of his belief, that is, atoms
are the smallest particles of which substances are made.
Atoms of most elements have the ability to combine with other
atoms. Different elements have different properties because the
combining atoms are different and the way the atoms are joined together
are different.
A molecule is a particle consisting of two or more atoms combined
together in a specific arrangement. It is an electrically neutral particle. It
is the smallest particle of an element or compound that can exist
independently. For example, a molecule of water consists of an oxygen
atom combined with two hydrogen atoms. Atoms of the same element
can also combine to form a molecule. For example, oxygen in the air
consist of oxygen molecules which are made up of two oxygen atoms.
Atoms are too small to observe. These particles cannot be seen under
the high-powered light microscopes used in school laboratories. The size
of an atom is measured in angstroms. One angstrom is a unit of length
equal to one ten millionth of a millimeter

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Particle Model of the Three States of Matter

The particle model of matter shows that in

gases, the particles move at random directions very
quickly and travel in straight-line paths. In the
process, they collide with one another and with the
walls of the container. They change direction only
when they rebound from the collisions. The distance
between particles is large compared to the size of the
particles. The attraction between particles is
negligible because of the large distance between
them. This explains why a gas spread. Its particles fill
all the available space in the container.
Gases take the shape of the container because
the particles are able to move freely to all parts of the container.
They move freely because they are far apart and there is negligible
attraction between them. This model also explains the
compressibility of gases. The distances between particles are large
and so there is room for the particles to move closer to each other.
In liquids, the particles are closer to one another, nudging one
another as they move. Since the particles are closer to one another,
the attraction between particles is stronger than those in gases. The
particles move and change positions but not as freely as those in a
gas.
Liquids can flow out of a container and can be poured into
another while maintaining their volume. This happens because
there are attractions among the particles of liquid which hold them
together although not in fixed positions. These attractions also
make it
possible for liquids to have a definite volume. This is
one major difference between liquids and gases, the
particles are attracted to one another more strongly
than the particles of gases are.
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 When you poured water and rock salt in separate
containers, you observed that a liquid, such as water flows
and it spreads out and takes the shape of the container. If
you looked closely as you poured the rock salt, the little
pieces of solid salt maintained their shape even as the
entire sample may take the shape of the container.
Solids have definite shapes and volume because the particles are
packed closely together in fixed positions. They vibrate a little but in these
fixed positions. The particles cannot move around .
The particles of solids are held together by strong forces.
One common characteristic of both solids and liquids is
that the particles are in contact with their neighbors, that
is, with other particles. Thus they are incompressible and
this commonality between solids and liquids distinguishes
them from gases.
There are other properties that you will learn in
Grades 9 to 12 that will be useful for distinguishing among
the states of matter. In general, the three states of matter
differ because of the arrangement and motion of the
particles in each state.

To sum it up, the particle model of matter suggests the following ideas:
 Matter is made up of tiny particles.
 Particles of matter are moving all the time.
 These particles have spaces between them.
 The particles of matter attract each other.

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 Let’s Practice

Activity 1. Solid, Liquid and Gas: How they differ?

Directions: Look closely and carefully on the above diagram showing the
particle arrangement of the three states of matter. Then, complete the
table to describe three states of matter. The table has been partially
completed to help you. Write it on your Science study notebook.

SOLID LIQUID GAS

Shape Not fixed, takes the

shape of the container

Movement of particles Can move freely and

quickly in all
directions

Spaces between Far apart from each

particles other

Attraction of particles Have strong forces of

attraction

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 What I Have Learned

Directions: Fill in the blanks the missing word/s written in the box to
complete the idea of the statement. Write your answer on the answer
sheet provided.

very far apart solid always moving vibrate gas

little attraction liquid hit and bounce attracted close together

In a (1) , the particles are very attracted to each other. They

are (2)
and (3) in position but don’t move past one
another.

In a (4) , the particles are (5) to each other

but not as much as they are in a solid. The particles of a liquid are close
together, (6) , and can slide past one another.

In a (7) , the particles have (8) to each other. They

are (9) compared to the particles in a solid or liquid, and are
constantly moving. The particles don’t interact with one another but just
(10) of each other when they collide.

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 Let’s Assess
Modified TRUE or FALSE. On the space provided before each number,
I.
write TRUE if the given statement is correct. If the statement is wrong
change the underlined word. Write your answer on the answer sheet
provided.
1. All matter is made up of tiny particles called atoms.
2. The atoms of solid are very far apart and vibrate in
fixed position.
3. The molecules of gas are not very attracted to each
other.
4. Air has mass.
5. Properties of every matter are the same.
Multiple Choices. Write the letter of the correct answer on the space
II.
provide each number. Write your answer on the answer sheet provided.
1. Any sample of matter has mass and takes up space. The main reason for
this is because:
a) All matter is heavy
b) Matter can be a gas
c) The Earth is made of matter
d) Matter is made up of tiny particles that have mass and take up space
2. Water drops stay together on wax paper and they don’t break apart easily.
This is mainly because:
a) Water molecules are wet
b) Water molecules are small
c) Water molecules are in motion
d) Water molecules are attracted to each other
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3. Which statement BEST describe a liquid?
a) Liquid has mass and takes up space
b) The particles of a liquid are in motion
c) The particles of a liquid are attracted to one another
d) The particles of a liquid are able to move past one another
4. Which statement BEST describe a solid?
a) A solid has mass and takes up space
b) The particles of a solid are attracted to each other
c) The particles of a solid can move past one another
d) The particles of a solid vibrate but do not move past one another

5. Which statement BEST describe a gas?

a) The particles are very attracted to each other
b) The particles are not very attracted to each other
c) The particles are close together like a liquid
d) The particles of a gas are further apart than the particles in a liquid or
solid

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