Analyzing Fats

and Oils by GC
 Your Analysis of
Oils and Fats!
Edible oils and fats are among the most abundant cooking ingredients
in the world, and are an important part of a healthy balanced diet—es-
pecially if they are high in omega-6 and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty
acids. Rather than just the total fatty acid compositions, the analysis of
individual lipid species within these oils and fats has become increasingly
important. Within the last decade, several lipidomic methods have been
adapted and applied to the analysis of edible oils and fats.

This guide will cover the “A to Z” of analyzing oils and fats with gas
chromatography, with selecting the right GC column for your matrix—by
dimension, phase, application, or manufacturer. Continue to find a wide
range of application notes for various oil and fat matrices, and finally,
we’ll introduce you to the Zebron™ ZB-FAME GC column created specif-
ically for the analysis of fatty acids, offering a 75% reduction in run times
and improved separation of cis/trans FAME isomers—suitable for AOAC,
AOCS, and IOC methods.

If Phenomenex products in this guide do

not provide at least an equivalent sepa-
ration as compared to other products of
the same phase and dimensions, return
© 2018 Phenomenex, Inc. the product with your comparative data
All rights reserved. within 45 days for a FULL REFUND.

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Table of Contents

Food Quality and Flavors

GC Applications ............................................. pp. 4-18

GC Column Selection by Dimension............... p. 20

GC Column Selection by Phase ...................... p. 21

GC Column Selection by Application.............. p. 22

GC Column Selection by Manufacturer........... p. 23

Ordering Information ..................................... p. 26

Need help? Our GC scientists have wide-ranging and proven experience in oils and
fats analysis and lipid testing, including finished products. Phenomenex also offers
a wide range of products that target fatty acids, steroids, triglycerides, and other fat
components—providing fast analysis, improved resolution, and temperature resis-
tance. www.phenomenex.com/chat.

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 Food Quality and Flavors
GC Applications

Essential Oils by GC-MS

• Cold-Pressed Orange Oil...................................... p. 5
• Rosemary Oil ......................................................... p. 6
• Ylang Ylang Oil...................................................... p. 6
• Pepperment Oil .................................................... p. 6
• Spearmint Oil ........................................................ p. 6

Sterols by GC-FID
• Vitamin E and Sterois ........................................... p. 7
• Lard Sterols ........................................................... p. 7
• Margarine Sterols .................................................. p. 7
• Olive Oil Sterols..................................................... p. 7

Triglycerides by GC-FID
• Butter Triglycerides ............................................... p. 8
• Olive Oil Triglycerides .......................................... p. 8

Fatty Acids and FAMEs by GC-FID

• Food Industry FAMEs ........................................... p. 9
• Unsaturated (FAMEs)............................................. p. 9
• Unsaturated Free Fatty Acids............................... p. 9
• Olive Oil and Hydrogenated Oil ........................ p. 10
• Omega-3 Fatty Acids........................................... p. 11
• FAMEs in Canola Oil Margarine.......................... p. 11
• FAMEs in Rapesseed Oil...................................... p. 11
• Palm Oil.................................................................. p. 12
• Olive Oil................................................................. p. 13
• Extra Virgin Olive Oil............................................ p. 14
• Soybean Oil........................................................... p. 15
• Powdered Infant Formula..................................... p. 16
• Peanut Butter......................................................... p. 17
• Monterey Jack Cheese......................................... p. 18

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Essential Oils
by GC-MS

GC Applications
Essential oils are fragrant plant essences primarily composed of terpenes, their derivatives, and other aromatic compounds.
Variation in plant locations and growing conditions produces natural differences in essential oil components, and due to their
high price, premium oils are subject to adulteration with cheaper terpenes or poorer quality oils. Therefore, characterization of
essential oils is necessary, but testing is complex due to the number of compounds and their trace level presence. Runs under
seven minutes can be achieved using efficient column dimensions, as demonstrated below.

Cold-Pressed Orange Oil

Column: Zebron™ ZB-WAXPLUS™ Sample:
Dimensions: 10 meter x 0.10 mm x 0.10 μm 1. α-Pinene 17. Germacrene
2. β-Pinene 18. Caryophyllene
Part No.: 7CB-G013-02
3. Sabinene 19. trans-p-Mentha-2,8-dienol
Injection: Split 20:1 @ 220 °C, 0.2 μL 4. 3-Carene 20. cis-p-Mentha-2,8-dienol
Carrier Gas: Helium @ 0.3 mL/min (constant 5. β-Myrcene 21. Gerenial
flow) 6. Limonene 22. α-Terpineol
7. β-Phellandrene 23. Dodecanal
Oven Program: 35 °C for 1 min to 250 °C @ 30 °C/ 8. Octanal 24. Valencene
min for 5 min 9. Nonanal 25. Citral
Detector: MSD; 45-450 amu 10. Limonene Oxides 26. Carvone
Recommended Liner: Zebron PLUS Single Taper Z-Liner™ 11. Citronellal 27. Cadinene
12. Decanal 28. Perillaldehyde
Liner Part No.: AG2-0A13-05 (for systems Agilent®) 13. α-Cubebene 29. trans-Carveol
14. Linalool 30. cis-Carveol
15. β-Cubebene 31. Perillol
16. Octanol 32. Octanoic Acid

1 5 12 14
6 8

3
Maintain separation with
faster run times
App ID 15811

24,25

26
22
4 10
21 23
9 11 17 19 29
13 15 20 27 32
16
18 28 30
31
2

2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 min

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 Essential Oils
by GC-MS
GC Applications

Rosemary Oil Ylang Ylang Oil

Column: Zebron™ ZB-1PLUS Column: Zebron ZB-1PLUS
Dimensions: 10 meter x 0.10 mm x 0.10 µm Dimensions: 10 meter x 0.10 mm x 0.10 µm
Part No.: 7CB-G031-02 Part No.: 7CB-G031-02
Injection: Split 120:1 @ 160 °C, 0.2 µL Injection: Split 120:1 @ 160 °C, 0.2 µL
Carrier Gas: Helium @ 0.4 mL/min (constant flow) Carrier Gas: Helium @ 0.5 mL/min (constant flow)
Oven Program: 45 °C for 2 min to 130 °C @ 8 °C/min to Oven Program: 60 °C to 120 °C @ 15 °C/min to 160 °C @ 5 °C/min to
200 °C @ 30 °C/min for 2 min 220 °C @ 20 °C/min
Detector: MSD; 18-400 amu Detector: MSD; 18-400 amu
Recommended Liner: Zebron PLUS Single Taper Z-Liner™ Recommended Liner: Zebron PLUS Single Taper Z-Liner™
Liner Part No.: AG2-0A13-05 (for Agilent® System) Liner Part No.: AG2-0A13-05 (for Agilent® System)
Sample: Sample was 10 % in dichloromethane Sample: Oil was 10 % in dichloromethane
1. Tricyclene 8. Limonene 15. 4-Terpineol 1. p-Methyl Anisole 7. Copaene 13. Farnasene
2. α-Thujene 9. g-Terpinene 16. Terpineol 2. Methyl Benzoate 8. β-Caryophyllene 14. d-Cadinene
3. α-Pinene 10. Terpinolene 17. Bornyl Acetate 3. Linalool 9. Cinnamyl Acetate 15. Farnesol
4. Camphene 11. Linalool 18. Eugenol 4. Benzyl Acetate 10. Humulene 16. Benzyl Benzoate
5. β-Pinene 12. Camphor 19. Copaene 5. Geraniol 11. Germacrene 17. Benzyl Salicylate
6. β-Myrcene 13. Isoborneol 20. Caryophyllene 6. Geranyl Acetate 12. α-Amorphene 18. Farnesyl Acetate
7. Eucalyptol 14. Borneol 21. α-Caryophyllene
8,9
11
3 4 5 7,8 12 20

14

6
10
16 3
17 13
App ID 24344

App ID 24363
14
6 18
11 21 1 18
9 15
7 12 17
2 4 15
5
10 13
2 18 19
1

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 min 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 min

Peppermint Oil Spearmint Oil

Column: Zebron ZB-1PLUS Column: Zebron ZB-1PLUS
Dimensions: 10 meter x 0.10 mm x 0.10 µm Dimensions: 10 meter x 0.10 mm x 0.10 µm
Part No.: 7CB-G031-02 Part No.: 7CB-G031-02
Injection: Split 120:1 @ 160 °C, 0.2 µL Injection: Split 120:1 @ 160 °C, 0.2 µL
Carrier Gas: Helium @ 0.3 mL/min (constant flow) Carrier Gas: Helium @ 0.4 mL/min (constant flow)
Oven Program: 45 °C for 2 min to 130 °C @ 10 °C/min to Oven Program: 45 °C for 2 min to 130 °C @ 8 °C/min to
280 °C @ 30 °C/min for 3 min 200 °C @ 30 °C/min for 2 min
Detector: MSD Detector: MSD; 18-400 amu
Recommended Liner: Zebron PLUS Single Taper Z-Liner™ Recommended Liner: Zebron PLUS Single Taper Z-Liner™
Liner Part No.: AG2-0A13-05 (for Agilent® System) Liner Part No.: AG2-0A13-05 (for Agilent® System)
Sample: Analytes are 10 % in dichloromethane Sample: Analytes are 10 % in dichloromethane
1. α-Pinene 12. γ-Terpinene 22. α-Terpineo 1. 2,5-Diethyltetrahydrofuran 13. Dihydrocarveol
2. Sabinene 13. cis-Sabinene 23. Pulegone 2. α-Pinene 14. Carvone
3. β-Pinene Hydrate 24. Piperitone 3. Sabinene 15. Piperitenone
4. β-Myrcene 14. β-Terpineol 25. Neomenthyl Acetate 4. β-Pinene 16. trans-Carvone Oxide
5. 3-Octanol 15. Linalool 26. Menthyl Acetate 5. β-Myrcene 17. cis-Carvone Oxide
6. α-Terpenene 16. Menthone 27. Isomenthyl Acetate 6. 3-Octanol 18. Carvyl Acetate
7. Cymene 17. Isomenthone 28. Bourbonene 7. Eucalyptol 19. cis-Jasmone
8. Eucalyptol 18. Menthonefuran 29. Caryophyllene 8. Limonene 20. β-Bourbonene
9. d-Limonene 19. Neomenthol 30. Farnesene 9. cis-Sabinene Hydrate 21. Caryophyllene
10. cis-Ocimene 20. Menthol 31. Germacrene 10. Menthone 22. β-Farnesene
11. trans-Ocimene 21. Neoisomenthol 32. Elemene 11. Isomenthone 23. Germacrene D
16018
16048
12. 4-Terpineol 24. Caryophyllene Oxide

16 5,6 8 14
8 20 26
31
10 20
29
18
17
21
9 19
4
2 7
15
App ID 24364

22
3
App ID 24365

23 23
3 21 13
13
1 22 30 32 16 17
12 24 28 9 11
2 4,5 19 24
7 14 15 1
10 25 27 12
6 18
11
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 min 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 min

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 Sterols
by GC-FID
Sterols are naturally occurring steroid alcohols in plants, animals, and fungi. Phytosterols and cholesterol are commonly tested;
sterol content for example is analyzed to determine olive oil quality and authenticity. Dietary tocopherols are sometimes tested

GC Applications
with sterols due to their related health effects. Methods for analysis of sterols from common food matrices and in combination
with tocopherols are demonstrated below.

Vitamin E and Sterols Lard Sterols

Column: Zebron ZB-5HT Inferno™
Column: Zebron ZB-5
™
Dimensions: 30 meter x 0.25 mm x 0.10 µm
Dimensions: 30 meter x 0.25 mm x 0.10 µm
Part No.: 7HG-G015-02
Part No.: 7HG-G002-02
Injection: Splitless @ 350 °C, 0.5 µL
Injection: Splitless @ 220 °C, 1 µL
Carrier Gas: Helium @ 2 mL/min (constant flow)
Carrier Gas: Helium @ 1.8 mL/min (constant flow)
Oven Program: 220 °C to 350 °C @ 15 °C/min
Oven Program: 110 °C for 0.2 min to 140 °C @ 30 °C/min to 230 °C @
10 °C/min for 6 min to 340 °C @ 10 °C/min for 15.8 min Detector: FID @ 350 °C
Detector: FID @ 340 °C Recommended Liner: Zebron PLUS Single Taper Z-Liner™
Recommended Liner: Zebron PLUS Single Taper Z-Liner™ Liner Part No.: AG2-0A13-05 (for Agilent® System)
Liner Part No.: AG2-0A13-05 (for Agilent® System) 16752 Sample: Prepared by saponification, solid phase extraction (SPE), and
derivatization via BSTFA:TMCS; 99:1 in pyridine
Sample: Analytes derivatized via BSTFA:TMCS; 99:1 in pyridine
1. Cholesterol 2
1. Squalene 8. γ-Tocomonoenol
2. Betulin
2. Lignoceric acid 9. Stigmasta-3,5-diene
3. δ-Tocopherol 10. Cholesterol
4. δ-Tocomonoenol 11. α-Tocopherol
5. Campesta-3,5-diene 12. Campesterol
16331 6. γ-Tocopherol 13. Stigmasterol
7. Stigmasta-3,5,22-triene 14. β-Sitosterol
6

14

1
App ID 16331

App ID 16752
12 13
1
11
8
4 5
2 7 9 10

18 20 22 24 min 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5 min

Margarine Sterols Olive Oil Sterols

Column: Zebron ZB-5HT Inferno Column: Zebron ZB-5HT Inferno
Dimensions: 30 meter x 0.25 mm x 0.10 µm Dimensions: 30 meter x 0.25 mm x 0.10 µm
Part No.: 7HG-G015-02 Part No.: 7HG-G015-02
Injection: Splitless @ 350 °C, 0.5 µL Injection: Splitless @ 350 °C, 0.5 µL
Carrier Gas: Helium @ 2 mL/min (constant flow) Carrier Gas: Helium @ 2 mL/min (constant flow)
Oven Program: 220 °C to 350 °C @ 15 °C/min Oven Program: 220 °C to 350 °C @ 15 °C/min
Detector: FID @ 350 °C Detector: FID @ 350 °C
Recommended Liner: Zebron PLUS Single Taper Z-Liner™ Recommended Liner: Zebron PLUS Single Taper Z-Liner™
Liner Part No.: AG2-0A13-05 (for Agilent® System) Liner Part No.: AG2-0A13-05 (for Agilent® System)
Sample: Prepared by saponification, solid phase extraction (SPE), and 16753 Sample: Prepared by saponification, solid phase extraction (SPE),
16750 derivatization via BSTFA: TMCS; 99:1 in pyridine and derivatization via BSTFA:TMCS; 99:1 in pyridine
1. Campesterol 4 1. Campesterol 4
2. Stigmasterol 2. Stigmasterol
3. β-Sitosterol 3. β-Sitosterol
4. Betulin 4. Betulin
3

3
App ID 16750

App ID 16753

1
2
1 2

5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5 min 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5 min

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 Triglycerides
by GC-FID
Triglycerides are naturally occurring esters of fatty acids and glycerol. Because these compounds have relatively high molecular
weights and polarities that increase with the degree of unsaturation, high oven temperatures are necessary for sufficient sepa-
GC Applications

rations. Choosing a GC column designed to withstand such temperatures (such as those with improved polyimide coatings that
resist brittleness at 400 °C or higher) can provide the necessary robustness to achieve good separation. The separations below
are performed using a Zebron™ ZB-5HT Inferno™ GC column, which is specifically designed to withstand high oven temperatures.

Butter Triglycerides
Column: Zebron ZB-5HT Inferno
Dimensions: 15 meter x 0.32 mm x 0.10 μm
Part No.: 7EM-G015-02
Injection: On-Column @ 103 ºC, 2 μL
Carrier Gas: Helium @ 1.8 mL/min (constant flow)
16054 Oven Program: 100 ºC to 400 ºC @ 14 ºC/min for 10 min
Detector: FID @ 400 °C
Recommended Liner: Zebron PLUS Direct Connect Liner
Liner Part No.: AG2-0A50-05 (for Agilent® System)
Sample: Butter Triglycerides

Run at
400 °C
App ID 16054

5 10 15 20 25 30 min

Olive Oil Triglycerides

Column: Zebron ZB-5HT Inferno
Dimensions: 30 meter x 0.25 mm x 0.10 µm
Part No.: 7HG-G015-02
Injection: On-Column @ 223 °C, 0.1 µL
Carrier Gas: Helium @ 1 mL/min (constant flow)
Oven Program: 220 °C for 1 min to 400 °C @ 8 °C/min for 4 min
16056 Detector: FID @ 415 °C
Recommended Liner: Zebron PLUS Direct Connect Liner
Liner Part No.: AG2-0A50-05 (for Agilent® System)
Sample: Olive Oil Triglycerides

Run at
415 °C
App ID 16056

0 5 10 15 20 25 min

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 Fatty Acids and FAMEs
by GC-FID
Fat and oil testing is important for both characterization as well as determination of total fat content. Both fatty acid methyl
esters (FAMEs) and free fatty acids (FFAs) are commonly analyzed using polar column phases. The examples below display

GC Applications
35 35 35
good resolution for both derivatized and underivatized fatty acids.

Food Industry FAMEs

12 12 12
37 37 37
23821 36 36 36
8 8
Column: Zebron™ ZB-FAME
Dimensions: 30 meter x 0.25 mm x 0.20 µm
18 18
18 16
16 16 34 34 34 Part No.: 7HG-G033-10
33 33
23 23 23 30 30 33
30 Injection: Split 50:1 @ 240 °C, 1 µL
32 32
31 31 31 32 Carrier Gas: Helium @ 1.2 mL/min (constant flow)
9 9 9 10 10
Oven Program: 100 °C for 2 min to 140 °C @ 10 °C/min
10
11 11 13
11 13 13 15 17 17 17 20 20 20
15 15
22 22
19 19 1921 212221 24 24 24 25 26
25 26 26 28 28
28 27
2527
27 to 190 °C @ 3 °C/min to 260 °C @
14 14 14 29 29 29
30 °C/min for 2 min
Detector: FID @ 260 °C
Recommended Liner: Zebron Single Taper Z-Liner™
Liner Part No.: AG2-0A13-05 (for Agilent® System)
10 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
10 10 15 15
16 16
17 17
18 18
19 19
20 20
21 21
22 22
23 23
24 24
Sample:minSee
min
list
minat www.phenomenex.com/FAME

35

12
SEE MORE
4 6
3 8 36 Under
2 37 25 min! FAME
1
5
16 18
23
33 34
Separations
pp. 10 - 18
7 17 30
9 10 3132 App ID 23821
11 13 15
14 19 20 21 22 24 25 26 2728
29

0 5 10 15 20 25 min

Unsaturated FAMEs Unsaturated Free Fatty Acids

Column: Zebron ZB-FFAP Column: Zebron ZB-FFAP
Dimensions: 60 meter x 0.25 mm x 0.25 µm Dimensions: 60 meter x 0.25 mm x 0.25 µm
Part No.: 7KG-G009-11 Part No.: 7KG-G009-11
Injection: Split 40:1 @ 220 °C, 0.1 µL Injection: Split 40:1 @ 220 °C, 0.2 µL
Carrier Gas: Helium @ 2.4 mL/min (constant flow) Carrier Gas: Helium @ 2.4 mL/min (constant flow)
Oven Program: 200 °C to 260 °C @ 2 °C/min for 30 min Oven Program: 200 °C to 260 °C @ 2 °C/min for 30 min
Detector: FID @ 250 °C Detector: FID @ 250 °C
Recommended Liner: Zebron PLUS Single Taper Z-Liner™ Recommended Liner: Zebron PLUS Single Taper Z-Liner™
Liner Part No.: AG2-0A13-05 (Agilent® for systems) Liner Part No.: AG2-0A13-05 (Agilent® for systems)
Sample: 1. Methyl Myristate 10. Methyl Linelaidate Sample: 1. Myristic Acid 10. Linoleic Acid
2. Methyl Myristoleate 11. Methyl Linolenate 2. Myristoleic Acid 11. Linolenic Acid
3. Methyl Palmitate 12. Methyl Arachidate 3. Palmitic Acid 12. Arachidic Acid
4. Methyl Palmitelaidate 13. Methyl Gondonate 4. Palmitelaidic Acid 13. Gondonic Acid (C15)
5. Methyl Palmitoleate 14. Methyl Behenate 5. Palmitoleic Acid 14. Behenic Acid (C17)
6. Methyl Stearate 15. Methyl Erucate 6. Stearic Acid 15. Erucic Acid (C19)
7. Methyl Oleate 7. Elaidic Acid
8. Methyl Elaidate 8. Oleic Acid
9. Methyl Linoleate 9. Linolelaidic Acid

8
7,8 5 7
1 3
1
2 4
2
3 12
5
4 9,10 15 10 13
12 13
6 14 6
11
11 14 15
App ID 14856

9
App ID 14858

10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 min 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 min

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 Fatty Acids and FAMEs
by GC-FID
GC Applications

Olive Oil and Hydrogenated Oil

• Recommended alternative to Supelco® SP™-2560, Agilent® CP-Sil 88, Agilent HP-88, and Restek® Rt®-2560
• Traditional separation of cis/trans FAMEs

37 FAME Mix Column: Zebron™ ZB-88

Dimensions: 100 meter x 0.25 mm x 0.20 µm
Part No.: 7MG-G037-10
Injection: Split 50:1 @ 250 °C, 1 µL
An Excellent Carrier Gas: Hydrogen @ 2 mL/min (constant flow)
Alternative to
6
12
88 Phase Columns! Oven Program: 120 °C for 1 min to 175 °C @ 10 °C/min for 10 min to
8 210 °C @ 5 °C/min for 5 min to 230 °C @ 5 °C/min for 5 min
Detector: FID @ 280 °C
4
Sample: 1. C4:0 21. C18:3 cis 6,9,12
2. C6:0 22. C20:0
3. C8:0 23. C18:3 cis 9,12,15
35
3 27, 28 4. C10:0 24. C20:1 cis 11
5. C11:0 25. C21:0
7 16 22
5 18 6. C12:0 26. C20:2 cis 11,14
910
36
7. C13:0 27. C22:0
2 29 3233
11 30 31 34 8. C14:0 28. C20:3 cis 8,11,14
13

App ID 23930
25 26
1 14 15 23 24 37 9. C14:1 cis 9 29. C20:3 cis 11,14,17
17 19 20 21
10. C15:0 30. C22:1 cis 13
11. C15:1 cis 10 31. C20:4 cis 5,8,11,14
12. C16:0 32. C23:0
13. C16:1 cis 9 33. C22:2 cis 13,16
14. C17:0 34. C20:5 cis 5,8,11,14,17
5 10 15 20 25 30 min 15. C17:1 cis 10 35. C24:0
16. C18:0 36. C24:1 cis 15
17. C18:1 trans 9 37. C22:6 cis 4,7,10,13,16,19
18. C18:1 cis 9
19. C18:2 trans 9,12
20. C18:2 cis 9,12

Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Fish Oil

• Recommended alternative to Supelco® SP™-2330, Agilent® DB®-23, and Restek® Rtx®-2330
• Alternate selectivity well suited for marine oils

Column: Zebron ZB-23

Dimensions: 60 meter x 0.25 mm x 0.15 µm
Part No.: 7KG-G039-05
Injection:Split 50:1 @ 250 °C, 1 µL Unsaturated Fatty Acids from Marine Oil
Carrier Gas: Helium @ 33 cm/s @ 50 °C (constant flow)
An Excellent
Oven Program: 50 °C for 1 min to 175 °C @ 25 °C/min to 2 7 12 18 25 Alternative to
230 °C @ 4 °C/min for 5 min
23 Phase Columns!
Detector: FID @ 280 °C
Sample: 1. C12:0 21. C20:3 cis 8,11,14
2. C14:0 22. C20:4 cis 5,8,11,14 31
3. C14:1 cis 9 23. C20:3 cis 11,14,17
4. C15:0 24. C22:0
5. C15:1 cis 10 25. C20:5 cis 5,8,11,14,17
6. C16:0 26. C22:1 cis 13
7. C16:1 cis 9 27. C23:0
8. C17:0 28. C22:2 cis 13,16
9. C17:1 cis 10 29. C24:0
14
10. C18:0 30. C24:1 cis 15
11. C18:1 trans 9 31. C22:6 cis 4,7,10,13,16,19 6
12. C18:1 cis 9
13. C18:2 trans 9,12 16
App ID 23929

14. C18:2 cis 9,12 8 29

15. C18:3 cis 6,9,12 24 26 30
11
16. C18:3 cis 9,12,15 9 20 22 2728
3
17. C20:0 4
1 5 10 15 17 19 21 23
18. C20:1 cis 11
19. C21:0
20. C20:2 cis 11,14
8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 min

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 Fatty Acids and FAMEs
by GC-FID

GC Applications
FAMEs in Canola Oil Margarine
Column: Zebron™ ZB-23
Dimensions: 60 meter x 0.25 mm x 0.25 μm
Part No.: 7KG-G039-11
Injection:Split 100:1 @ 210 °C, 1μL
Carrier Gas: Helium @ 0.44 mL/min (constant flow)
Oven Program: 150 °C to 200 °C @ 1.3 °C/min for 10 min
Detector: FID @ 210 °C
24263
Sample: 1. C16:0 5
2. C16:1 4
3. C18:0
4. C18:1 trans 1
5. C18:1 cis
6. C18:2 trans
7. C18:2 cis
8. C18:3
9. C20:0
10. C20:1

6
3

App ID 24263
7 8 9 10
2

0 10 20 30 40 50 min

FAMEs in Rapeseed Oil

Column: Zebron ZB-88
Dimensions: 100 meter x 0.25 mm x 0.20 μm
Part No.: 7MG-G037-10
Injection:Split 50:1 @ 250 °C, 1μL
Carrier Gas: Hydrogen @ 2 mL/min (constant flow)
Oven Program: 20 °C for 1 min to 175 °C @ 10 °C/min hold 10 min
to 210 °C @ 5 °C/min hold 5 min
Detector: FID @ 280 °C
Sample: 1. C18:1 trans 23934
2. C18:2 trans
3. C18:3 trans

1
App ID 23934

2
3

5 10 15 20 25 min

Phenomenex l WEB: www.phenomenex.com 11

 Fatty Acids and FAMES
by GC-FID

Palm Oil
ZB-FAME

Palm oil’s balanced ratio of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids makes it suitable for use in
a variety of food products including frying oil and margarine, making it one of the most widely
traded fats and oils. As a heavily imported and exported product, analytical testing of palm oil
is important to ensure its quality and safety.

23969 FID2 B, (ZA121616\FAME0007.D)

3 6

App ID 23969
1

4 8 9
10

6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 min

Extraction and Derivatization Protocol: Column: Zebron™ ZB-FAME

1. Strata® Si-1 Tube, 2 g/12 mL (Part No.: 8B-S012-KDG) on a Dimensions: 60 meter x 0.25 mm x 0.20 µm
vacuum manifold or Presston™ 100 positive pressure manifold Part No.: 7KG-G033-10
2. Wash cartridge with 6 mL of hexane Injection: Split 100:1 @ 240 °C, 1 μL
3. Load oil solution (0.2 g of oil in 3.8 mL of hexane) Carrier Gas: Helium @ 1.2 mL/min (constant flow)
4. Elute with 5 mL hexane/ethyl acetate (87:13) Oven Program: 180 °C isothermal
5. Evaporate eluate under a steady stream of nitrogen Detector: FID @ 240 °C
6. Reconstitute with 0.4 mL of hexane Recommended Liner: Zebron PLUS Single Taper with Wool
7. Add 200 µL of 2 M potassium hydroxide in methanol to purified Liner Part No.: AG2-0A11-05 (for Agilent® systems)
oil solution Sample: 1. C12:0
8. Cap tube and vortex 2. C14:0
9. Wait 5 minutes 3. C16:0
4. C16:1 cis 9
10. Add 2 mL of Milli-Q® water, vortex 5. C18:0
11. Allow solution to settle then transfer top layer to Q-sert vial for 6. C18:1 cis 9
GC analysis 7. C18:2 cis 9,12
8. C18:3 cis 9,12,15
9. C20:0
10. C20:1 cis 11

12 Phenomenex l WEB: www.phenomenex.com

Fatty Acids and FAMES
by GC-FID

Olive Oil

ZB-FAME
One of the most popular applications around the world has been optimized using Zebron™ ZB-FAME!
The high-cyano phase chemistry meets requirements for IOC olive oil testing methods, while provid-
ing an opportunity for improved productivity. Achieve great results on ZB-FAME using the standard
60 meter dimension – or save time and money by switching to a 30 meter column!

Regular Olive Oil

30 meter column shortens traditional run times!

A. Zebron ZB-FAME Extraction and Derivatization Protocol:

30 meter x 0.25 mm x 0.20 μm (Part No. 7HG-G033-10)
5
1. Strata® Si-1 Tube, 1 g/6 mL (Part No.: 8B-S012-JCH) on a
vacuum manifold or Presston™ 100 positive pressure manifold
2. Wash cartridge with 6 mL of hexane
3. Load oil solution (0.12 g of oil in 0.5 mL of hexane)
4. Elute with 10 mL of hexane/diethyl ether (87:13)
5. Evaporate eluate under a steady stream of nitrogen
6. Dissolve purified oil residue in 1 mL of heptane
2 7. Add 0.1 mL of 2 N potassium hydroxide in methanol to purified
oil solution
6
8. Cap tube and shake vigorously for 15 seconds
App ID 23859

1 9. Leave to separate until upper layer becomes clear

10. Extract upper layer for GC analysis
3 4
7 8 9

0 5 10 15 20 25 min

B. Zebron ZB-FAME
60 meter x 0.25 mm x 0.20 µm (Part No.: 7KG-G033-10) Conditions for all separations, except where noted:
5
Column: Zebron ZB-FAME
Dimensions: As listed
Injection: Split 50:1 @ 240 °C, 1 µL
Carrier Gas: Helium @ 1.2 mL/min (constant flow)
Oven Program: A) 100 °C for 2 min to 140 °C @ 10 °C/min to 190 °C
@ 3 °C/min to 260 °C @ 30 °C/min for 2 min
B) 100 °C for 2 min to 165 °C @ 10 °C/min to 200 °C
@ 1.5 °C/min to 280 °C @ 15 °C/min for 1 min
Detector: FID @ 260 °C
2
Recommended Liner: Zebron PLUS Single Taper with Wool
Liner Part No.: AG2-0A11-05 (for Agilent® systems)
Sample: Analytes are diluted 5:1 in heptane
1. C11:0*
2. C16:0
3. C16:1 cis 9
4. C18:0
5. C18:1 cis 9
6
6. C18:2 cis 9,12
7. C18:3 cis 9,12,15
8. C20:0
9. C20:1 cis 11

*internal standard
1
App ID 23926

3 4

7 8
9

0 5 10 15 20 25 min

Phenomenex l WEB: www.phenomenex.com 13

 Fatty Acids and FAMES
2

23925

by GC-FID
6

Extra Virgin Olive Oil

1
ZB-FAME

3 4
7 8
9

0 5 10 15 20 25 min
Reduce run times with a 30 meter column!

A. Zebron™ ZB-FAME
30 meter x 0.25 mm x 0.20 μm (Part No. 7HG-G033-10) Extraction and Derivatization Protocol:
5 1. Strata® Si-1 Tube, 1 g/6 mL (Part No.: 8B-S012-JCH) on a
vacuum manifold or Presston™ 100 positive pressure manifold
2. Wash cartridge with 6 mL of hexane
3. Load oil solution (0.12 g of oil in 0.5 mL of hexane)
4. Elute with 10 mL of hexane/diethyl ether (87:13)
5. Evaporate eluate under a steady stream of nitrogen
6. Dissolve purified oil residue in 1 mL of heptane
7. Add 0.1 mL of 2 N potassium hydroxide in methanol to purified
oil solution
23858
2 8. Cap tube and shake vigorously for 15 seconds
9. Leave to separate until upper layer becomes clear
6
10. Extract upper layer for GC analysis
App ID 23858

3 4
7 8 9

0 5 10 15 20 25 min

B. Zebron ZB-FAME Conditions for all separations, except where noted:

60 meter x 0.25 mm x 0.20 µm (Part No.: 7KG-G033-10)
5 Column: Zebron ZB-FAME
Dimensions: As listed
Injection: Split 50:1 @ 240 °C, 1 µL
Carrier Gas: Helium @ 1.2 mL/min (constant flow)
Oven Program: A) 100 °C for 2 min to 140 °C @ 10 °C/min to 190 °C
@ 3 °C/min to 260 °C @ 30 °C/min for 2 min
B) 100 °C for 2 min to 165 °C @ 10 °C/min to 200 °C
@ 1.5 °C/min to 280 °C @ 15 °C/min for 1 min
Detector: FID @ 260 °C
2 Recommended Liner: Zebron PLUS Single Taper with Wool
Liner Part No.: AG2-0A11-05 (for Agilent® systems)
Sample: Analytes are diluted 5:1 in heptane
1. C11:0*
23925 2. C16:0
3. C16:1 cis 9
4. C18:0
5. C18:1 cis 9
6 6. C18:2 cis 9,12
7. C18:3 cis 9,12,15
8. C20:0
1 9. C20:1 cis 11

*internal standard
App ID 23925

3 4
7 8
9

0 5 10 15 20 25 min

14 Phenomenex l 5
WEB: www.phenomenex.com
 Fatty Acids and FAMES
by GC-FID

Soybean Oil

ZB-FAME
Soybean oil is used in a multitude of foods, such as salad dressings, baked goods and fried foods.
The below method using a short Zebron™ ZB-FAME column effectively separates difficult C18 cis/trans
isomers quickly and accurately.

23860
5

1
6

App ID 23860
3

7 8 9

0 5 10 15 20 min

Extraction and Derivatization Protocol: Column: Zebron ZB-FAME

1. Strata® Si-1 Tube, 1 g/6 mL (Part No.: 8B-S012-JCH) on a vacuum Dimensions: 30 meter x 0.25 mm x 0.20 µm
manifold or Presston™ positive pressure manifold Part No.: 7HG-G033-10
2. Wash cartridge with 6 mL of hexane Injection: Split 50:1 @ 240 °C, 1 µL
3. Load oil solution (0.12 g of oil in 0.5 mL of hexane) Carrier Gas: Helium @ 1.2 mL/min (constant flow)
4. Elute with 10 mL of hexane/diethyl ether (87:13) Oven Program: 100 °C for 2 min to 140 °C @ 10 °C/min to 190 °C @ 3 °C/min
5. Evaporate eluate under a steady stream of nitrogen to 260 °C @ 30 °C/min for 2 min
6. Dissolve purified oil residue in 1 mL of heptane Detector: FID @ 260 °C
7. Add 0.1 mL of 2 N potassium hydroxide in methanol to purified Recommended Liner: Zebron PLUS Single Taper with Wool
oil solution Liner Part No.: AG2-0A11-05 (for Agilent® systems)
8. Cap tube and shake vigorously for 15 seconds Sample: Analytes are diluted 5:1 in heptane
9. Leave to separate until upper layer becomes clear 1. C11:0
10. Extract upper layer for GC analysis 2. C16:0
3. C18:0
4. C18:1 cis 9
5. C18:2 cis 9,12
6. C18:3 cis 9,12,15
7. C20:0
8. C20:1 cis 11
9. C22:0

Phenomenex l WEB: www.phenomenex.com 15

 Fatty Acids and FAMES
by GC-FID

Powdered Infant Formula

ZB-FAME

Infant formula, like human milk, contains a variety of fatty acids. Using Zebron™ ZB-FAME, 16 fatty
acids were successfully separated in a 40% faster run compared to a traditional column used for
the analysis.

Zebron ZB-FAME
A.
2382730 meter x 0.25 mm x 0.20 µm (Part No.: 7HG-G033-10)
Extraction and Derivatization Protocol:
1. Weigh out approximately 500 mg of powdered infant formula
8 into a scintillation vial
2. Dissolve (or dilute) sample in 5 mL toluene, then add 6 mL 10 %
acetyl chloride solution in methanol
6
3. Incubate @ 80 °C for 2 hours
23827 4. After incubation add 10 mL 10 % Na2CO3 solution and centrifuge
4 at 5000 rpm for 5 min
9 5. Extract organic layer for GC analysis
8

6 40 % faster! Conditions for both columns:

Dimensions: As listed
4 Injection: Split 50:1 @ 240 °C, 1 µL
Carrier Gas: A) Helium @ 1.2 mL/min (constant flow)
5 9
App ID 23827

B) Helium @ 20 cm/sec (constant flow)

Oven Program: A) 100 °C for 2 min to 140 °C @ 10 °C/min to 190 °C
1 7 @ 3 °C/min to 260 °C @ 30 °C/min for 2 min
2 B) 140 °C for 5 min to 240 °C @ 4 °C/min for 15 min
10 16
3 11 1314 15 Detector: FID @ 260 °C
12 Recommended Liner: Zebron PLUS Single Taper with Wool
5 Liner Part No.: AG2-0A11-05 (for Agilent® systems)
0 5 10 15 20 25 min Sample: 1. C8:0
2. C10:0
7 3. C11:0*
1 4. C12:0
2

Vs.
10 16 5. C14:0
3 11 1314 15 6. C16:0
12 7. C18:0
8. C18:1 cis 9
8 9. C18:2 cis 9,12
0 5 10 15 20 25 min 10. C18:3 cis 9,12,15
11. C20:0
12. C20:1 cis 11

Supelco® SP™-2560
6
9 13. C20:4 cis 5,8,11,14
14. C22:0
15. C24:0
B. 100 meter x 0.25 mm x 0.20 µm 16. C22:6 cis 4,7,10,13,16,19
*internal standard
8

6
9
4

5 7

1 4 11 43 min run
2 13
3 10 12 14 15 16

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 min
5 7
App ID 23828

11
1 2
10 13
3 12 14 15 16

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 min

Comparative separations may not be representative of all applications.

16 Phenomenex l WEB: www.phenomenex.com

Fatty Acids and FAMES
by GC-FID

Peanut Butter

ZB-FAME
Comprised of a variety of fats, peanut butter can be analyzed using Zebron™ ZB-FAME in
less23825
than 25 minutes.

C18:1 cis and trans isomers are

separated with a run time of less
than 25 minutes!

10

12

5 6

App ID 23825
11

2 4

0 5 10 15 20 25 min

Column: Zebron ZB-FAME

Extraction and Derivatization Protocol: Dimensions: 30 meter x 0.25 mm x 0.20 µm
Part No.: 7HG-G033-10
1. Weigh out 100 to 200 mg of peanut butter and place it into a scintillation vial
Injection:Split 50:1 @ 240 °C, 1 µL
2. Add 100 mg pyrogallic acid
Carrier Gas: Helium @ 1.2 mL/min (constant flow)
3. Add 2 mL ethanol followed by 10 mL 8.3 M HCl
Oven Program: 100 °C for 2 min to 140 °C @ 10 °C/min to 190 °C
4. Incubate at 70 °C for 45 min @ 3 °C/min to 260 °C @ 30 °C/min for 2 min
5. Extract using 2 mL diethyl ether and 2 mL chloroform Detector: FID @ 260 °C
6. Blow down extraction liquid Recommended Liner: Zebron PLUS Single Taper with Wool
7. Reconstitute in 1 mL toluene and 2 mL 8 % boron trifluoride in methanol Liner Part No.: AG2-0A11-05 (for Agilent® systems)
8. Cap reaction mixture, hold @ 100 °C for 45 min Sample: 1. C11:0*
9. After reaction, add 5 mL water, 1 mL hexane, and 1 g Na2SO4 2. C14:0
10. Extract hexane layer for GC analysis 3. C16:0
4. C17:0
5. C18:0
6. C18:1 trans 9
7. C18:1 cis 9
8. C18:2 cis 9,12
9. C20:0
10. C20:2 cis 11,14
11. C22:0
12. C24:0
*internal standard

Phenomenex l WEB: www.phenomenex.com 17

 Fatty Acids and FAMES
by GC-FID
ZB-FAME

Monterey Jack Cheese

Cheese is comprised of a variety of fats, which are commonly analyzed for FAME
content. Significantly reduce your run time using a Zebron™ ZB-FAME column as
compared to traditional FAME methods.

Zebron ZB-FAME
A. 30 meter x 0.25 mm x 0.20 µm (Part No.: 7HG-G033-10)
23823
Extraction and Derivatization Protocol:
7 Resolve common FAMEs 1. Weigh out 100-200 mg of cheese and place it into a scintillation vial
2. Add 100 mg pyrogallic acid
in cheese over 35 % faster!
3. Add 2 mL ethanol followed by 4 mL deionized water and 4 mL NH4OH
(concentrated)
4. Incubate @ 70 °C for 20 min then add 10 mL HCl and incubate for an
5 additional 25 min
23823 22 min run 5. Extract triglycerides using 2 mL diethyl ether and 2 mL chloroform
6. Blow down extraction liquid
8 7. Reconstitute in 1 mL toluene and 2 mL 8 % boron trifluoride in methanol
7
10 8. Cap reaction mixture, hold @ 100 °C for 45 min
2 3 9. After reaction, add 5 mL water, 1 mL hexane, and 1 g Na2SO4
12
App ID 23823

10. Extract upper layer for GC analysis

1 5 9
6 11
4 Conditions for both columns:

8 Dimensions: As listed
0 5 10 15 20 min Injection: Split 50:1 @ 240 °C, 1 µL
10
2 3 Carrier Gas: A) Helium @ 1.2 mL/min (constant flow)
23824 12 B) Helium @ 20 cm/sec (constant flow)

Vs.
Oven Program: A) 100 °C for 2 min to 140 °C @ 10 °C/min to 190 °C
1 9 7 @ 3 °C/min to 260 °C @ 30 °C/min for 2 min
6 11 B) 140 °C for 5 min to 240 °C @ 4 °C/min for 15 min
4 Detector: FID @ 260 °C
Recommended Liner: Zebron PLUS Single Taper with Wool
Liner Part No.: AG2-0A11-05 (for Agilent® systems)
Supelco® SP™-2560
0 5 10 15 20 min
Sample: 1. C10:0
2. C11:0

B. 100 meter x 0.25 mm x 0.20 µm

23824 3. C12:0
4. C13:0
7 5. C14:0
6. C15:0
7. C16:0
8 8. C18:0
9. C18:1 trans 9
10. C18:1 cis 9
11. C18:2 cis 9,12
12. C20:2 cis 11,14
5

10 12
8
2 3
9 35 min run
1 6 11
4 5

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 min
10 12
App ID 23824

2 3
1 9 11
6
4

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 min

Comparative separations may not be representative of all applications.

18 Phenomenex l WEB: www.phenomenex.com

 Pick Your Perfect GC column

Don’t settle for less, get more with Zebron™ GC Columns!

Drop in a guaranteed replacement or upgrade to un-
matched performance-the choice is yours!

Pick your new column:

GC Column Selection by Dimension................... p. 20

GC Column Selection by Phase .......................... p. 21

GC Column Selection by Application.................. p. 22

GC Column Selection by Manufacturer............... p. 23

Or:
Go online and use our GC Column Match Tool
www.phenomenex.com/FindGC

Phenomenex l WEB: www.phenomenex.com 19

 GC Column Selection
by Dimension
Length
GC Column Selection by Dimension
ZB-FAME

Longer columns can improve resolution, but keep in mind that they will also increase run times. Under isothermal conditions,
doubling the column length only increases resolution by 41 %, but doubles the run time. Choose a column length that balances
efficiency with acceptable run times.
Short Long
15 m or less 60 m or more
Good
Short
Applications
Starting Length Short
Applications
• High boilers • Complex samples with closely eluting
• GC-MS applications peaks

Advantages Disadvantages 30 m • Low boilers

• Less active samples
• Faster run times • Less inert • Complex temperature ramps
• Higher temp. limits • Limited retention
Advantages Disadvantages
• Lower bleed
• Higher efficiency • Better resolution • Slow run times

Internal Diameter
Column internal diameter (ID) has a major impact on both resolution and sample capacity. Unlike column length, using smaller
ID columns can actually lead to faster run times because the column length required with a small ID is often shorter due to
increased efficiency.
Narrow Wide
0.10, 0.18, 0.20 mm 0.32, or 0.53 mm
Good
Applications Starting ID Applications
• Complex samples • Dirty samples

Advantages Disadvantages 25 mm • Highly concentrated samples

• Faster run times • Lower sample Advantages Disadvantages

• Better resolution capacity • Increased sample • Decreased efficiency
• Easily overloaded capacity • May need higher flow
• Good for on-co- rates unsuitable for
lumn injections GC-MS

Film Thickness
Film thickness determines retention and plays an important role in column sample capacity. Thin film columns are faster and
provide higher resolution, but also lower sample capacity. In most instances, choose the thinnest film possible that still provides
adequate retention. When working with active samples, using a slightly thicker film can significantly improve peak shape.

Thin Thick
0.10, 0.18 µm 50 µm or more
Applications Good Applications
• High boilers Starting Film • Low boilers
• GC-MS applications • Gases, solvents, purgeables, volatiles

Advantages Disadvantages
25 µm • Purity testing

• Faster run times • Less inert Advantages Disadvantages

• Higher temp. limits • Limited retention • Better inertness • Slower run times
• Lower bleed • Higher capacity • Lower temp. limits
• Higher efficiency • Higher bleed

20 Phenomenex l WEB: www.phenomenex.com

GC Column Selection
by Phase
Choosing a “5” Phase (e.g. ZB-5)

GC
ZB-FAME
Column Selection by Phase
Active analytes or
Your Sample Dirty matrices Standard samples and
demanding
Contains or active compounds wide range of analytes
method specifications

Versatility for Improved peak

Your High Versatility
0.53 mm ID
multiple shapes, responses,
Inertness and
or thick film versatility for
Application temperature for multiple
(> 0.50 µm)
analysis types or sensitivity
biological, chemical,
stability analysis types or reduced for environmental
Requires dimensions
bleed matrices
or food matrices

ZB-5HT ZB-
Phase Inferno™ ZB-5PLUS™ ZB-5 ZB-5ms SemiVolatiles ZB-5MSPLUS
™

5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5%
Phenyl Phenyl Phenyl Phenyl-Arylene Phenyl-Arylene Phenyl-Arylene
Stable to 430 °C Highly inert, Extremely Extremely versatile; Enviro-Inert™ phase Highly inert,
for extended low-bleed versatile; good good starting point recommended for versatile phase for
lifetime and high phase starting point for method SVOCs, PBDEs, chemical,
temp bakeouts recommended for method developers or other active biological, or
for drug screens developers with better selectivity compounds food matrices
and for aromatics
active analytes

CH3 CH 3 CH 3
ZB-5HT Inferno, ZB-5, and ZB-5PLUS are ZB-SemiVolatiles, ZB-5MSPLUS, and
Si O 5 % phenyl based phases and are versatile Si Si O ZB-5ms are 5 % phenyl-arylene based
for a wide analyte range. phases and provide better separation
of aromatics.
CH 3 CH 3 CH 3

Choosing a “PEG” Phase (e.g. ZB-WAX)

Your Sample FAMEs, Flavors, Essential Oils, Solvents, or BTEX Free Fatty Acids or
Contains Compounds Organic Acids

Aqueous stability for

Your Improved signal-to- Efficiency and
polar compounds;
Application noise ratio for better inertness for acidic
low temperature
Requires GC-MS sensitivity analytes
volatiles

Phase ZB-WAXPLUS ™
ZB-WAX ZB-FFAP
Polyethylene Glycol Polyethylene Glycol Nitroterephthalic Acid
Modified Polyethylene Glycol
100 % aqueous stability
with excellent separations General-purpose Excellent peak shape for
of polar complex mixtures; PEG phase for polar underivatized acids,
widely used for food samples organic acids, free fatty acids,
profiling and "fingerprinting" and alcohols

Phenomenex l WEB: www.phenomenex.com 21

 GC Column Selection
by Application
Essentials Inferno Plus Unlimited

ZB-XLB-HT Inferno™

ZB-MultiResidue™-1

ZB-MultiResidue™-2

ZB-SemiVolatiles
ZB-5HT Inferno™

ZB-Bioethanol
ZB-WAXplus™
ZB-5MSplus™
ZB-1plus™

ZB-FAME
ZB-FFAP
ZB-WAX

ZB-5ms
ZB-XLB
ZB-624

ZB-35

ZB-50

ZB-23

ZB-88
GC Column Selection by Application

Compound Class Analysis Recommended Column

ZB-FAME

Pesticides & Multi-Residue Pesticide Screening • • •

Antimicrobials Organochlorine Pesticides in Water • •
Organochlorine Pesticides in Foods of Plant Origin • •
Organophosphorus Pesticides in Foods of Plant Origin • • • •
Triazine Pesticides in Water •
Triazine Pesticides in Foods of Plant Origin •
Chloramphenicol in Foods of Animal Origin •
Environmental Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) in Food • •
Contaminants Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) in Water • •
Polychlorinated Dibenzo-dioxins (PCDDs) in Food • • •
Polychlorinated Dibenzo-furans (PCDFs) in Food • • •
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Water • •
Food Safety

Food Contact Food Packaging Volatiles •

Materials Melamine in Food • •
Cyanuric Acid in Food •
Phthalates in Food • •
Residual Solvents in Food
• •
Bisphenol A & F (BPA/BPF) in Food •
Additives & Parabens in Food •
Preservatives Chloropropanols (3-MCPD) in Food •
Flavor Additives (Borneol) •
Phenolic Antioxidants (BHA & BHT) in Food •
Tocopherols in Food •
Process Acrylamide in Foods •
Contaminants Acrylamide, Acrylonitrile, and Acrolein in Water •
Benzene in Food • •
Glycols in Food •
Hormones Steroid Hormones in Food
• •
Compound Class Analysis Recommended Column

Fats, Oils cis/trans FAMEs •

& FAMEs Food Industry FAMEs • • •
Cooking Oil • • •
Marine Oil •
Free Fatty Acids •
Essential Fatty Acids Omega-3 & -6 • • •
Triglycerides Butter Triglycerides •
Canola Oil Triglycerides •
Olive Oil Triglycerides •
Food Quality

Peanut Oil Triglycerides

•
Alcoholic Beverages Distilled Liquor Screen •
Ethanol in Beer •
Sulfur in Beer •
Whiskey Compounds •
Wine Compounds • •
Other Acids Amino Acids
•
Sterols Sterols in Lard •
Sterols in Margarine •
Sterols in Olive Oil •
Sterols in Peanut Butter •
Sugars Alditol Acetates
Trimethylsilyl (TMS) Sugars
• •
Compound Class Analysis Recommended Column

Essential Oils Ginkgo Biloba Oil •

Flavors and Essential Oils

Lavender Oil •
Peppermint Oil •
Rose Oil
Spearmint Oil •
Ylang Ylang Oil •
Flavors Flavors Screening •
Flavor Allergens •
Flavor Volatiles • • •
Alcoholic Beverage Profile •
Honey Profile •
Fragrances Fragrance Screening • •
Fragrance Allergens •

22 Phenomenex l WEB: www.phenomenex.com

 GC Column Selection
by Manufacturer

GC
ZB-FAME
Upgrade to Zebron™! Our commitment to quality and innovation is what makes Zebron GC columns well-suited for any
application. Performance is GUARANTEED.

Column Selection by Manufacturer

Zebron™ Phase Zebron Composition Restek® Agilent® Supelco® SGE® OV

Rtx -1,
®
DB -1, DB-2887, DB-1 EVDX,
®
SPB -1, SPB-1 TG,
®
BP1, BP1-PONA,
ZB-1 100 % Dimethylpolysiloxane Rtx-1PONA, HP-1, HP-101, HP-PONA,Ultra 1, SE-30, MET-1, BPX1-SimD OV-1
Rtx-1 F&F CP-Sil 5 CB SPB-1 Sulfur, SPB-HAP
DB-1ms, DB-1ms Ultra Inert,
MDN-1,
ZB-1plus™ 100 % Dimethylpolysiloxane Rtx-1ms, Rxi®-1ms HP-1ms, HP-1ms Ultra Inert, SolGel-1ms™ OV-1ms
Equity®-1
CP-Sil 5 CB MS, VF-1ms
ZB-1HT Inferno™ 100 % Dimethylpolysiloxane Rxi-1HT DB-1ht, CP-SimDist Petrocol 2887
MDN-5, SPB-5, PTE-5,
5 % Phenyl DB-5, HP-5, Ultra 2,
ZB-5 Rtx-5 SE-54, PTA-5, Equity-5, BP5, BPX5 OV-5
95 % Dimethylpolysiloxane HP-PAS-5, CP-Sil 8 CB
Sac-5
5 % Phenyl Rtx-5ms, Rxi-5ms,
ZB-5plus™ DB-5, HP-5ms, HP-5msi MDN-5S
95 % Dimethylpolysiloxane Rtx-5Amine
5 % Phenyl Rxi-5HT, Rtx-5HT
ZB-5HT Inferno™ DB-5ht, VF-5ht HT-5
95 % Dimethylpolysiloxane Stx®-5HT, XTI®-5HT
DB-5ms, DB-5.625,
5 % Phenyl-Arylene Rtx-5Sil MS,
ZB-5ms DB-5ms EVDX, VF-5ms,
95 % Dimethylpolysiloxane Rxi-5Sil MS
CP-Sil 8 CB MS
5 % Phenyl-Arylene DB-5ms Ultra Inert, HP-5ms Ultra
ZB-5MSplus™ Rxi-5Sil MS SLB®-5ms
95 % Dimethylpolysiloxane Inert, DB-5ms, VF-5ms
5 % Phenyl-Arylene Rxi-5Sil MS, DB-5ms Ultra Inert,
ZB-SemiVolatiles SLB®-5ms
95 % Dimethylpolysiloxane Rxi-5ms HP-5ms Ultra Inert
35 % Phenyl Rtx-35, DB-35, DB-35ms, MDN-35, SPB-35,
ZB-35 BPX35, BPX608 OV-35
65 % Dimethylpolysiloxane Rtx-35ms HP-35, HP-35ms SPB-608
35 % Phenyl
ZB-35HT Inferno™
65 % Dimethylpolysiloxane Phenomenex Exclusive
DB-17, DB-17HT, DB-17ms,
50 % Phenyl
ZB-50 Rtx-50 DB-17 EVDX, HP-50+, SP-2250, SPB-17, SPB-50 BPX50 OV-17
50 % Dimethylpolysiloxane
CP-Sil 24 CB
DB-1301, DB-624, DB-VRX,
6  % Cyanopropyl­phenyl Rtx-1301, OV-624
ZB-624 HP-VOC, CP-1301, SPB-1301, SPB-624 BP624
94 % Dimethylpolysiloxane Rtx-624 OV-1301
CP-Select 624 CB
50% Cyanopropyl Rtx-2330 DB-23 SP-2330,SP-2340. AT-Silar BPX-70
ZB-23
50% Methylpolysiloxane
88% Cyanopropyl SP-2560 , SP-2340,
ZB-88 Rt®-2560 CP-Sil 88, HP-88
12% Aryl-polysiloxane SP-2330
SP-2560, SP-2340,
ZB-FAME bis-cyanopropyl CP-Select CB for FAME BPX-70, BPX-90
SP-2330
Rtx-WAX,
DB-WAXetr, HP-INNOWax,
ZB-WAX Polyethylene Glycol Famewax, MET-Wax, Omegawax SolGel-WAX™ Carbowax 20M
CP-Wax 57 CB
Stabilwax-DB
DB-WAX, CAM, HP-20M,
ZB-WAXplus™ Polyethylene Glycol Stabilwax® SUPELCOWAX® 10 BP20 Carbowax 20M
Carbowax 20M, CP-Wax 52 CB
DB-FFAP, HP-FFAP,
Nitroterephthalic Acid Modified
ZB-FFAP Stabilwax-DA CP-Wax 58 FFAP CB, Nukol, SPB-1000 BP21 OV-351
Polyethylene Glycol
CP-FFAP CB
Rtx-CLPesticides,
ZB-MultiResidue™-1 Proprietary
Stx-CLPesticides
Rtx-CLPesticides2,
ZB-MultiResidue-2 Proprietary
Stx-CLPesticides2
ZB-PAH Proprietary Rti-PAH DB-EUPAH
ZB-XLB Proprietary Rtx-XLB DB-XLB, VF-XMS MDN-12

ZB-XLB-HT Inferno Proprietary Phenomenex Exclusive

ZB-Bioethanol Proprietary Phenomenex Exclusive

This section is, neither in terms of manufacturers nor in terms of their products, a complete list, and the accuracy of the data is not guaranteed.
Small differences in dimensions or performance might be possible and slight adjustments to your application may be necessary.

Looking For Another Phase?

We’ll cross-reference your current column for you! Contact your local GC Specialist
for additional information or visit www.phenomenex.com/Tools/GCSelection

Phenomenex l WEB: www.phenomenex.com 23

 ™

EW GC Inlet Liners

Introducing Zebron Inlet Liners

N

• Remarkably Inert
• Ridiculously Easy to Install

Open

Install

Touchless installation
prevents contamination
Pre-installed o-ring
means you’re ready
for installation

Can your
liners do this?

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• Application • System Manufacturer

• Injection Type • Part Number

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24 Phenomenex l WEB: www.phenomenex.com

GC Inlet Liner Ordering
Information

Zebron™ PLUS GC Liners

Dimensions
Description Application Inlet Style ID x L (mm) Deactivation Part No. Unit
For Agilent® and Thermo Scientific® GC Systems
Direct Connect AG2-0A50-01 Ea
Trace analysis,
S/SL 4 x 78.5 PLUS Inert AG2-0A50-05 5/pk
Splitless injections AG2-0A50-25 25/pk
Single Taper AG2-0A10-01 Ea
Pesticides S/SL 4 x 78.5 PLUS Inert AG2-0A10-05 5/pk
AG2-0A10-25 25/pk
Single Taper Z-Liner ™ AG2-0A13-01 Ea
Semi-volatiles,
S/SL 4 x 78.5 PLUS Inert AG2-0A13-05 5/pk
Dirty samples
AG2-0A13-25 25/pk
Single Taper with Wool AG2-0A11-01 Ea
Semi-volatiles S/SL 4 x 78.5 PLUS Inert AG2-0A11-05 5/pk
AG2-0A11-25 25/pk
Straight AG2-0A00-01 Ea
Volatiles S/SL 4 x 78.5 PLUS Inert AG2-0A00-05 5/pk
AG2-0A00-25 25/pk
Straight Z-Liner AG2-0A03-01 Ea
Dirty samples, Volatiles,
S/SL 4 x 78.5 PLUS Inert AG2-0A03-05 5/pk
High initial oven temperatures
AG2-0A03-25 25/pk
Straight Single Baffle AG2-1F06-01 Ea
Semi-volatiles,
S/SL 1.8 x 71 PLUS Inert AG2-1F06-05 5/pk
Pesticides AG2-1F06-25 25/pk
For Shimadzu® 17A, 2014 and 2025 Models
Single Taper Z-Liner ™ AG2-3B13-01 Ea
Pesticides S/SL 3.4 x 95 PLUS Inert AG2-3B13-05 5/pk
AG2-3B13-25 25/pk
Straight Z-Liner AG2-3B03-01 Ea
Volatiles, Dirty samples,
S/SL 3.4 x 95 PLUS Inert AG2-3B03-05 5/pk
High initial oven temperatures
AG2-3B03-25 25/pk
For Shimadzu 2010 Models
Single Taper AG2-4B10-01 Ea
Volatiles, Dirty samples,
S/SL 3.4 x 95 PLUS Inert AG2-4B10-05 5/pk
High initial oven temperatures
AG2-4B10-25 25/pk
Single Taper Z-Liner AG2-4B13-01 Ea
Pesticides S/SL 3.4 x 95 PLUS Inert AG2-4B13-05 5/pk
AG2-4B13-25 25/pk
Straight AG2-4B00-01 Ea
Volatiles S/SL 3.4 x 95 PLUS Inert AG2-4B00-05 5/pk
AG2-4B00-25 25/pk
Straight Z-Liner AG2-4B03-01 Ea
Volatiles, Dirty samples ,
S/SL 3.4 x 95 PLUS Inert AG2-4B03-05 5/pk
High initial oven temperatures AG2-4B03-25 25/pk
For PerkinElmer® GC Systems
Single Taper AG2-2A10-01 Ea
Pesticides S/SL 4 x 92 PLUS Inert AG2-2A10-05 5/pk
AG2-2A10-25 25/pk
Single Taper Z-Liner ™ Semi-volatiles, AG2-2A13-01 Ea
Dirty samples S/SL 4 x 92 PLUS Inert AG2-2A13-05 5/pk
AG2-2A13-25 25/pk
Straight AG2-2A00-01 Ea
Volatiles S/SL 4 x 92 PLUS Inert AG2-2A00-05 5/pk
AG2-2A00-25 25/pk
Straight Z-Liner AG2-2E03-01 Ea
Volatiles,
PSS 2 x 86.2 PLUS Inert AG2-2E03-05 5/pk
Dirty samples
AG2-2E03-25 25/pk
Straight Z-Liner AG2-2A03-01 Ea
High initial oven temperatures S/SL 4 x 92 PLUS Inert AG2-2A03-05 5/pk
AG2-2A03-25 25/pk

Phenomenex l WEB: www.phenomenex.com 25

GC Column Ordering Information
Zebron™ ZB-88 Zebron ZB-1plus™

Length (m) ID (mm) df(µm) Temp. Limits (°C) Part No.

Length (m) ID (mm) df (µm) Temp. Limits (°C) Part No.
10 0.10 0.10 -60 to 360/370 7CB-G031-02
30 0.25 0.20 0 to 250/260 7HG-G037-10
10 0.18 0.18 -60 to 360/370 7CD-G031-08
60 0.25 0.20 0 to 250/260 7KG-G037-10
12 0.20 0.33 -60 to 360/370 7DE-G031-14
100 0.25 0.20 0 to 250/260 7MG-G037-10
15 0.25 0.25 -60 to 360/370 7EG-G031-11
20 0.18 0.18 -60 to 360/370 7FD-G031-08
Zebron ZB-23 25 0.20 0.33 -60 to 360/370 7GE-G031-14
30 0.25 0.10 -60 to 360/370 7HG-G031-02
30 0.25 0.25 -60 to 360/370 7HG-G031-11
Length (m) ID (mm) df (µm) Temp. Limits (°C) Part No.
30 0.25 0.50 -60 to 360/370 7HG-G031-17
15 0.25 0.25 40 to 250/260 7EG-G039-11
30 0.25 1.00 -60 to 360/370 7HG-G031-22
15 0.53 0.50 40 to 230/240 7EK-G039-17 30 0.32 0.25 -60 to 360/370 7HM-G031-11
20 0.18 0.20 40 to 250/260 7FD-G039-10 30 0.32 1.00 -60 to 360/370 7HM-G031-22
30 0.25 0.15 40 to 250/260 7HG-G039-05 30 0.53 1.00 -60 to 360/370 7HK-G031-22
30 0.25 0.25 40 to 250/260 7HG-G039-11 60 0.25 0.25 -60 to 360/370 7KG-G031-11

30 0.32 0.25 40 to 250/260 7HM-G039-11 60 0.25 1.00 -60 to 360/370 7KG-G031-22

60 0.32 1.00 -60 to 360/370 7KM-G031-22
30 0.53 0.50 40 to 230/240 7HK-G039-17
Note: If you need a 5 in. cage, simply add a (-B) after the part number, e.g., 7HG-G011-11-B. Some exceptions may
60 0.25 0.15 40 to 250/260 7KG-G039-05 apply. Agilent 6850 and some SRI and process GC systems use only 5 in. cages.

60 0.25 0.25 40 to 250/260 7KG-G039-11

Zebron ZB-WAXplus™

ww
60 0.32 0.25 40 to 250/260 7KM-G039-11

Length (m) ID (mm) df (µm) Temp. Limits (°C) Part No.

Zebron ZB-FAME 10 0.10 0.10 20 to 250/260 7CB-G013-02

15 0.25 0.25 20 to 250/260 7EG-G013-11
15 0.53 1.00 20 to 230/240 7EK-G013-22
Length (m) ID (mm) df (µm) Temp. Limits (°C) Part No. 20 0.18 0.18 20 to 250/260 7FD-G013-08
20 0.18 0.15 -20 to 280 7FD-G033-05 30 0.25 0.25 20 to 250/260 7HG-G013-11
30 0.25 0.20 -20 to 280 7HG-G033-10 30 0.25 0.50 20 to 250/260 7HG-G013-17
60 0.25 0.20 -20 to 280 7KG-G033-10 30 0.32 0.25 20 to 250/260 7HM-G013-11
30 0.32 0.50 20 to 250/260 7HM-G013-17

Zebron ZB-5HT Inferno ™ 30 0.32 1.00 20 to 230/240 7HM-G013-22

30 0.53 1.00 20 to 230/240 7HK-G013-22
60 0.25 0.15 20 to 250/260 7KG-G013-05
Length (m) ID (mm) df (µm) Temp. Limits (°C) Part No. 60 0.25 0.25 20 to 250/260 7KG-G013-11
15 0.25 0.10 -60 to 400/430 7EG-G015-02 60 0.25 0.50 20 to 250/260 7KG-G013-17
15 0.25 0.25 -60 to 400/430 7EG-G015-11 60 0.32 0.25 20 to 250/260 7KM-G013-11
15 0.32 0.10 -60 to 400/430 7EM-G015-02 60 0.32 0.50 20 to 250/260 7KM-G013-17
15 0.32 0.25 -60 to 400/430 7EM-G015-11 60 0.53 1.00 20 to 230/240 7KK-G013-22
15 0.53 0.15 -60 to 400 7EK-G015-05 Note: If you need a 5 in. cage, simply add a (-B) after the part number, e.g., 7HG-G013-11-B. Some exceptions may
apply. Agilent 6850 and some SRI and process GC systems use only 5 in. cages.
20 0.18 0.18 -60 to 400/430 7FD-G015-08
30 0.25 0.10 -60 to 400/430 7HG-G015-02 Zebron ZB-FFAP
30 0.25 0.25 -60 to 400/430 7HG-G015-11
30 0.32 0.10 -60 to 400/430 7HM-G015-02
30 0.32 0.25 -60 to 400/430 7HM-G015-11 Length (m) ID (mm) df (µm) Temp. Limits (°C) Part No.
30 0.53 0.15 -60 to 400 7HK-G015-05 15 0.25 0.25 40 to 250/260 7EG-G009-11
60 0.25 0.25 -60 to 400/430 7KG-G015-11 15 0.32 0.25 40 to 250/260 7EM-G009-11
Note: If you need a 5 in. cage, simply add a (-B) after the part number, e.g., 7HG-G015-11-B. Some exceptions may
apply. Agilent 6850 and some SRI and process GC systems use only 5 in. cages. 15 0.32 0.50 40 to 250/260 7EM-G009-17
15 0.53 1.00 40 to 250/260 7EK-G009-22
30 0.25 0.25 40 to 250/260 7HG-G009-11
30 0.32 0.25 40 to 250/260 7HM-G009-11
30 0.32 0.50 40 to 250/260 7HM-G009-17
30 0.32 1.00 40 to 250/260 7HM-G009-22
30 0.53 1.00 40 to 250/260 7HK-G009-22
50 0.32 0.50 40 to 250/260 7JM-G009-17
60 0.25 0.25 40 to 250/260 7KG-G009-11
Note: If you need a 5 in. cage, simply add a (-B) after the part number, e.g., 7HG-G009-11-B. Some exceptions may
apply. Agilent 6850 and some SRI and process GC systems use only 5 in. cages.

26 Phenomenex l WEB: www.phenomenex.com

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 Analyzing Fats
and Oils by GC
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Trademarks
Zebron, Inferno, MultiResidue, 1PLUS, 5MSPLUS, WAXPLUS, Z-Liner, and Presston are trademarks
and Strata is a registered trademark of Phenomenex. Agilent and DB are registered trademarks
of Agilent Technologies, Inc. Restek, MXT, Rt, Rtx, Rxi, Stx, Stabilwax, and XTI are registered
trademarks of Restek Corporation. Supelco, Equity, SLB, SPB, and SUPELCOWAX are registered
trademarks and SP is a trademark of Sigma-Aldrich Co. LLC. SolGel-1ms and SolGel-WAX
are trademarks and SGE is a registered trademark of SGE Analytical Science Pty Ltd. OV is a
registered trademark of Ohio Valley Specialty Company. PerkinElmer is a registered trademark of
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is a registered trademark of Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. Milli-Q is a registered trademark of Merck
BR50560317_W

KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany.

Disclaimers
Comparative separations may not be representative of all applications
Phenomenex is not affiliated with Agilent Technologies, Ohio Valley Specialty Company,
PerkinElmer, Restek Corp, Sigma-Aldrich Co., or Thermo Scientific.
FOR RESEARCH USE ONLY. Not for use in clinical diagnostic procedures.
© 2018 Phenomenex, Inc. All rights reserved.