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Chap 002

The document discusses different aspects of political economies including political systems, economic systems, and legal systems. It also covers topics like property rights, corruption, intellectual property, product safety, liability, and determining a market's attractiveness for business.

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Mazhar Iqbal
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16 views

Chap 002

The document discusses different aspects of political economies including political systems, economic systems, and legal systems. It also covers topics like property rights, corruption, intellectual property, product safety, liability, and determining a market's attractiveness for business.

Uploaded by

Mazhar Iqbal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 16

International Business

By Charles W.L. Hill


Chapter 2

National Differences
in Political Economy
What Is A Political Economy?
➢Political economy of a nation - how the
political, economic, and legal systems of a
country are interdependent
➢they interact and influence each other
➢they affect the level of economic well-being in
the nation

2-3
What Is A Political System?
➢Political system - the system of
government in a nation
➢Assessed according to
➢the degree to which the country emphasizes
collectivism as opposed to individualism
➢the degree to which the country is democratic
or totalitarian

2-4
What Is A Political System?
➢ Collectivism stresses the primacy of collective
goals over individual goals
➢ Individualism – an individual should have
freedom in his own economic and political
pursuits
➢ Democracy - government is by the people,
exercised either directly or through elected
representatives
➢ Totalitarianism - one person or political party
exercises absolute control over all spheres of
human life and prohibits opposing political
parties

2-5
What Is An Economic System?
➢ There are three types of economic
systems
1. Market economies - all productive
activities are privately owned and
production is determined by the
interaction of supply and demand

2-6
What Is An Economic System?
2. Command economies - government plans the
goods and services that a country produces,
the quantity that is produced, and the prices as
which they are sold
3. Mixed economies - certain sectors of the
economy are left to private ownership and free
market mechanisms while other sectors have
significant state ownership and government
planning

2-7
What Is A Legal System?
➢ Legal system - the rules that regulate behavior
along with the processes by which the laws are
enforced and through which redress for
grievances is obtained
➢ the system in a country is influenced by the
prevailing political system
➢ Legal systems are important for business
because they
➢ define how business transactions are executed
➢ identify the rights and obligations of parties involved
in business transactions

2-8
What Is A Legal System?
➢ There are three types of legal systems
1. Common law - based on tradition,
precedent, and custom
2. Civic law - based on detailed set of laws
organized into codes
3. Theocratic law - law is based on religious
teachings

2-9
How Are Property Rights
And Corruption Related?
➢ Property rights - the legal rights over the
use to which a resource is put and over
the use made of any income that may be
derived from that resource
➢ Property rights can be violated through
1. Private action – theft, piracy, blackmail
2. Public action - legally - ex. excessive taxation or
illegally - ex. bribes or blackmailing

2-10
How Are Property Rights
And Corruption Related?
➢ The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act makes it
illegal for U.S. companies to bribe foreign
government officials to obtain or maintain
business over which that foreign official has
authority
➢ facilitating or expediting payments to secure or
expedite routine government action are permitted

2-11
Which Countries Are
Most Corrupt?
Rankings of Corruption by Country 2010

2-12
How Can Intellectual
Property Be Protected?
➢ Intellectual property - property that is the
product of intellectual activity
➢ Can be protected using
1. Patents – exclusive rights for a defined period to the
manufacture, use, or sale of that invention
2. Copyrights – the exclusive legal rights of authors,
composers, playwrights, artists, and publishers to
publish and disperse their work as they see fit
3. Trademarks – design and names by which
merchants or manufacturers designate and
differentiate their products

2-13
What Is Product Safety
And Liability?
➢ Product safety laws set certain standards to
which a product must adhere
➢ Product liability involves holding a firm and its
officers responsible when a product causes
injury, death, or damage
➢liability laws tend to be less extensive in less
developed nations

2-14
Why Is Product Safety And
Product Liability Important?
➢Question: Does the high cost of liability
insurance in the U.S. make American companies
less competitive?
➢Question: Is it ethical to follow host country
standards when product safety laws are stricter
in a firm’s home country than in a foreign
country?
➢Question: Is it ethical to follow host country
standards when liability laws are more lax in the
host country?

2-15
How Can Managers Determine A
Market’s Overall Attractiveness?
➢ The overall attractiveness of a country as a
potential market and/or investment site for an
international business depends on balancing the
benefits, costs, and risks associated with doing
business in that country
➢ other things being equal, more attractive countries
have democratic political institutions, market based
economies, and strong legal systems that protect
property rights and limit corruption

2-16

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