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Mark Scheme (Results)

June 2013

GCE Core Mathematics 4 (6666/01)

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June 2013
Publications Code UA035676
All the material in this publication is copyright
© Pearson Education Ltd 2013
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General Marking Guidance

• All candidates must receive the same treatment. Examiners must mark the
first candidate in exactly the same way as they mark the last.

• Mark schemes should be applied positively. Candidates must be rewarded for

what they have shown they can do rather than penalised for omissions.

• Examiners should mark according to the mark scheme not according to their
perception of where the grade boundaries may lie.

• There is no ceiling on achievement. All marks on the mark scheme should be

used appropriately.

• All the marks on the mark scheme are designed to be awarded. Examiners
should always award full marks if deserved, i.e. if the answer matches the
mark scheme. Examiners should also be prepared to award zero marks if the
candidate’s response is not worthy of credit according to the mark scheme.

• Where some judgement is required, mark schemes will provide the principles
by which marks will be awarded and exemplification may be limited.

• Crossed out work should be marked UNLESS the candidate has replaced it with
an alternative response.
 PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
EDEXCEL GCE MATHEMATICS

General Instructions for Marking

1. The total number of marks for the paper is 75.

2. The Edexcel Mathematics mark schemes use the following types of marks:

• M marks: method marks are awarded for ‘knowing a method and attempting to apply it’,
unless otherwise indicated.
• A marks: accuracy marks can only be awarded if the relevant method (M) marks have
been earned.
• B marks are unconditional accuracy marks (independent of M marks)
• Marks should not be subdivided.

3. Abbreviations

These are some of the traditional marking abbreviations that will appear in the mark schemes:

• bod – benefit of doubt

• ft – follow through
• the symbol will be used for correct ft
• cao – correct answer only
• cso - correct solution only. There must be no errors in this part of the question to
obtain this mark
• isw – ignore subsequent working
• awrt – answers which round to
• SC: special case
• oe – or equivalent (and appropriate)
• dep – dependent
• indep – independent
• dp decimal places
• sf significant figures
• ¿ The answer is printed on the paper
• The second mark is dependent on gaining the first mark

4. All A marks are ‘correct answer only’ (cao.), unless shown, for example, as A1 ft to
indicate that previous wrong working is to be followed through. After a misread however,
the subsequent A marks affected are treated as A ft, but manifestly absurd answers
should never be awarded A marks.

5. For misreading which does not alter the character of a question or materially simplify it,
deduct two from any A or B marks gained, in that part of the question affected.

6. If a candidate makes more than one attempt at any question:

• If all but one attempt is crossed out, mark the attempt which is NOT crossed out.
• If either all attempts are crossed out or none are crossed out, mark all the
attempts and score the highest single attempt.

7. Ignore wrong working or incorrect statements following a correct answer.

8. In some instances, the mark distributions (e.g. M1, B1 and A1) printed on the candidate’s
response may differ from the final mark scheme
 PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com

General Principles for Core Mathematics Marking

(But note that specific mark schemes may sometimes override these general principles).

Method mark for solving 3 term quadratic:

1. Factorisation
( x 2 + bx + c) = ( x + p)( x + q), where pq = c , leading to x =
(ax 2 + bx + c) = (mx + p)(nx + q), where pq = c and mn = a , leading to x =

2. Formula
Attempt to use correct formula (with values for a, b and c).

3. Completing the square

2
⎛ b⎞
Solving x 2 + bx + c = 0 : ⎜ x ± ⎟ ± q ± c, q ≠ 0, leading to x =...
⎝ 2⎠

Method marks for differentiation and integration:

1. Differentiation
Power of at least one term decreased by 1. ( x n → x n −1 )

2. Integration
Power of at least one term increased by 1. ( x n → x n +1 )

Use of a formula
Where a method involves using a formula that has been learnt, the advice given in recent
examiners’ reports is that the formula should be quoted first.
Normal marking procedure is as follows:
Method mark for quoting a correct formula and attempting to use it, even if there are mistakes
in the substitution of values.
Where the formula is not quoted, the method mark can be gained by implication from correct
working with values, but may be lost if there is any mistake in the working.

Exact answers
Examiners’ reports have emphasised that where, for example, an exact answer is asked for, or
working with surds is clearly required, marks will normally be lost if the candidate resorts to
using rounded decimals.

Answers without working

The rubric says that these may not gain full credit. Individual mark schemes will give details of
what happens in particular cases. General policy is that if it could be done “in your head”,
detailed working would not be required.
 PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com

Question
Scheme Marks
Number
⎧ du ⎫ ⎧ du ⎫
⎪ u = x2 ⇒ = 2x⎪ ⎪⎪ u = x ⇒ =1 ⎪
⎪ ⎪ ⎪
∫
dx dx
1. (a) x 2 e x dx , 1st Application: ⎨ nd
⎬ , 2 Application: ⎨ ⎬
⎪ dv = e x ⇒ v = e x ⎪ ⎪ dv = e x ⇒ v = ex ⎪
⎪⎩ dx ⎪⎭ ⎪⎩ dx ⎭⎪

∫
x 2 e x − λ xe x {dx} , λ > 0 M1
∫
= x 2 e x − 2 xe x dx
∫
x 2 e x − 2 xe x {dx} A1 oe

∫
Either ± Ax 2 e x ± Bxe x ± C e x {dx}
( ∫ )
= x 2 e x − 2 xe x − e x dx
or for ± K xe {dx} → ± K ( xe − e {dx} )
M1
∫ ∫
x x x

± Ax 2 e x ± Bxe x ± C e x M1
= x 2 e x − 2( xe x − e x ) {+ c}
Correct answer, with/without + c A1
[5]

(b)
{⎡⎣ x e
2 x
− 2( xe − e ) ⎤⎦
x x
0
1
} Applies limits of 1 and 0 to an expression of the
form ± Ax 2 e x ± Bxe x ± Ce x , A ≠ 0 , B ≠ 0 and M1
= (12 e1 − 2(1e1 − e1 ) ) − ( 02 e0 − 2(0e0 − e0 ) ) C ≠ 0 and subtracts the correct way round.
=e−2 e − 2 cso A1 oe
[2]
7
Notes for Question 1
(a)

∫
M1: Integration by parts is applied in the form x 2 e x − λ xe x {dx} , where λ > 0 . (must be in this form).

A1:
∫
x 2 e x − 2 xe x {dx} or equivalent.

∫
M1: Either achieving a result in the form ± Ax 2 e x ± Bxe x ± C e x {dx} (can be implied)

∫
(where A ≠ 0 , B ≠ 0 and C ≠ 0) or for ± K xe x {dx} → ± K xe x − e x {dx} ( ∫ )
M1: ± Ax e ± Bxe ± C e (where A ≠ 0 , B ≠ 0 and C ≠ 0)
2 x x x

A1: x 2 e x − 2( x e x − e x ) or x 2 e x − 2 x e x + 2e x or ( x 2 − 2 x + 2)e x or equivalent with/without + c .

(b) M1: Complete method of applying limits of 1 and 0 to their part (a) answer in the form ± Ax 2 e x ± Bxe x ± Ce x ,
(where A ≠ 0 , B ≠ 0 and C ≠ 0 ) and subtracting the correct way round.
Evidence of a proper consideration of the limit of 0 (as detailed above) is needed for M1.
So, just subtracting zero is M0.
A1: e − 2 or e1 − 2 or − 2 + e . Do not allow e − 2e0 unless simplified to give e − 2.
Note: that 0.718... without seeing e − 2 or equivalent is A0.
WARNING: Please note that this A1 mark is for correct solution only.
So incorrect [.......]0 leading to e − 2 is A0.
1

Note: If their part (a) is correct candidates can get M1A1 in part (b) for e − 2 from no working.
Note: 0.718... from no working is M0A0
 PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com

Question
Scheme Marks
Number
⎧⎪ ⎛ 1 + ⎫⎪
x⎞ 1
−
1
1 1
2. (a) ⎨ ⎜ ⎬
⎟ = (1 + x ) 2
(1 − x ) 2
(1 + x) 2 (1 − x)
−
2 B1
⎪⎩ ⎝ 1 − x⎠
⎪⎭
⎛ ⎛ 1 ⎞ ( 1 )(− 12 ) 2 ⎞ ⎛ ⎛ 1⎞ (− 1 )(− 32 ) ⎞
= ⎜1 + ⎜ ⎟ x + 2 x + ... ⎟ × ⎜ 1 + ⎜ − ⎟ (− x) + 2 (− x) 2 + ... ⎟ See notes M1 A1 A1
⎝ ⎝2⎠ 2! ⎠ ⎝ ⎝ 2⎠ 2! ⎠
⎛ 1 1 ⎞ ⎛ 1 3 ⎞
= ⎜ 1 + x − x 2 + ... ⎟ × ⎜1 + x + x 2 + ... ⎟
⎝ 2 8 ⎠ ⎝ 2 8 ⎠
1 3 1 1 1
= 1 + x + x 2 + x + x 2 − x 2 + ... See notes M1
2 8 2 4 8
1 2 Answer is given in
= 1+ x + x A1 *
2 the question.
[6]
⎛ 1 + ( 261 ) ⎞ ⎛ 1 ⎞ 1⎛ 1 ⎞
2

(b) ⎜⎜ ⎟ = 1+ ⎜ ⎟ + ⎜ ⎟ M1
⎝ 1 − ( 26 ) ⎠
1 ⎟
⎝ 26 ⎠ 2 ⎝ 26 ⎠
3 3 1405
ie: = B1
5 1352
7025 7025
so, 3= A1 cao
4056 4056
[3]
9
Notes for Question 2
1 1 1 1
seen or implied. (Also allow ( (1 + x)(1 − x) − 1 ) 2 ).
− −
(a) B1: (1 + x) (1 − x)
2 2
or (1 + x)(1 − x) 2

1
M1: Expands (1 + x) 2 to give any 2 out of 3 terms simplified or un-simplified,
1 ⎛ 1 ⎞ ( 1 )(− 12 ) 2 ( 1 )(− 12 ) 2
Eg: 1+ x or + ⎜ ⎟ x + 2 x or 1 + .... + 2 x
2 ⎝2⎠ 2! 2!
1
−
or expands (1 − x) 2
to give any 2 out of 3 terms simplified or un-simplified,
⎛ 1⎞ ⎛ 1⎞ (− 1 )(− 32 ) ( − 1 )( − 23 )
Eg: 1 + ⎜ − ⎟(− x) or + ⎜ − ⎟ (− x) + 2 (− x) 2 or 1 + .... + 2 (− x)2
⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠ 2! 2!

(− 12 )(− 23 ) 2
Also allow: 1 + .... + ( x) for M1.
2!
A1: At least one binomial expansion correct (either un-simplified or simplified). (ignore x 3 and x 4 terms)
A1: Two binomial expansions are correct (either un-simplified or simplified). (ignore x 3 and x 4 terms)
Note: Candidates can give decimal equivalents when expanding out their binomial expansions.
M1: Multiplies out to give 1, exactly two terms in x and exactly three terms in x 2 .
A1: Candidate achieves the result on the exam paper. Make sure that their working is sound.
⎛ 1 1 ⎞ ⎛ 1 3 ⎞
Special Case: Award SC FINAL M1A1 for a correct ⎜ 1 + x − x 2 + ... ⎟ × ⎜ 1 + x + x 2 + ... ⎟
⎝ 2 8 ⎠ ⎝ 2 8 ⎠
3 2 1 2 1 2 1 3 2 1 1 2
multiplied out with no errors to give either 1 + x + x + x − x or 1 + x + x + x + x or
8 4 8 2 8 2 8
1 1 2 1 1 2 1 5 2 1 1 2 1
1+ x + x + x + x or 1 + x + x + x − x leading to the correct answer of 1 + x + x 2 .
2 4 2 4 2 8 2 8 2
 PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com

Notes for Question 2 Continued

2. (a) ctd 1
1 1 −
1
1 3
Note: If a candidate writes down either (1 + x) 2 = 1 + x − x 2 + ... or (1 − x) 2 = 1 + x + x 2 + ...
2 8 2 8
with no working then you can award 1st M1, 1st A1.
Note: If a candidate writes down both correct binomial expansions with no working, then you can award
1st M1, 1st A1, 2nd A1.
1 ⎛1 + x⎞ 1 2
(b) M1: Substitutes x = into both sides of ⎜ ⎟ and 1 + x + x
26 ⎝1 − x⎠ 2
27 1405
B1: For sight of (or better) and or equivalent fraction
25 1352
3 3 1405 1405 3 3 53 5 ⎛ 1405 ⎞
Eg: and or 0.6 3 and or and 1 or 3 and ⎜ ⎟
5 1352 1352 5 1352 3 ⎝ 1352 ⎠
are fine for B1.
7025 14050 182650
A1: or any equivalent fraction, eg: or etc.
4056 8112 105456
Special Case: Award SC: M1B1A0 for 3 ≈ 1.732001972.. or truncated 1.732001 or awrt 1.732002.
7025
Note that = 1.732001972... and 3 = 1.732050808...
4056

Aliter ⎧⎪ ⎛ 1 + x⎞ (1 + x)(1 − x) (1 − x 2 ) ⎫⎪ 1
1
2. (a) ⎨ ⎜ ⎟= = = ⎬ = (1 − x 2 2
) (1 − x) − 1 (1 − x 2 ) 2 (1 − x) − 1 B1
Way 2 ⎪⎩ ⎝ 1 − x⎠ (1 + x)(1 − x) (1 − x) 2 ⎪⎭
⎛ ⎛1⎞ ⎞ ⎛ (−1)(− 2) ⎞
= ⎜ 1 + ⎜ ⎟ ( − x 2 ) + ... ⎟ × ⎜1 + ( −1) (− x) + (− x) 2 + ... ⎟ See notes M1A1A1
⎝ ⎝2⎠ ⎠ ⎝ 2! ⎠
⎛ ⎞
= ⎜ 1 − x 2 + ... ⎟ × (1 + x + x 2 + ... )
1
⎝ 2 ⎠
1
= 1 + x + x2 − x2 See notes M1
2
1 2 Answer is given in the
= 1+ x + x A1 *
2 question.
[6]
Aliter 1

2. (a) B1: (1 − x ) (1 − x) − 1 seen or implied.

2 2

Way 2 1
⎛1⎞
M1: Expands (1 − x 2 ) 2 to give both terms simplified or un-simplified, 1 + ⎜ ⎟ ( − x 2 )
⎝2⎠
−1
or expands (1 − x) to give any 2 out of 3 terms simplified or un-simplified,
(−1)(− 2) (−1)(− 2)
Eg: 1 + ( −1) (− x) or ... + ( −1) (− x) + (− x) 2 or 1 + .... + (− x) 2
2! 2!
A1: At least one binomial expansion correct (either un-simplified or simplified). (ignore x 3 and x 4 terms)
A1: Two binomial expansions are correct (either un-simplified or simplified). (ignore x 3 and x 4 terms)
M1: Multiplies out to give 1, exactly one term in x and exactly two terms in x 2 .
A1: Candidate achieves the result on the exam paper. Make sure that their working is sound.
 PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com

Notes for Question 2 Continued

Aliter ⎧⎪ ⎛ 1 + x ⎞ (1 + x)(1 + x) ⎫⎪ −
1
1
2. (a) ⎨ ⎜ ⎟ = = ⎬ = (1 + x )(1 − x 2
) 2
(1 + x )(1 − x 2
)
−
2 B1
Way 3 ⎪⎩ ⎝ 1 − x ⎠ (1 − x)(1 + x) ⎪⎭
⎛ 1 ⎞ Must follow
= (1 + x) ⎜ 1 + x 2 + ... ⎟ M1A1A1
⎝ 2 ⎠ on from above.
1
= 1 + x + x2 dM1A1
2
Note: The final M1 mark is dependent on the previous method mark for Way 3.
Aliter
Assuming the result on the Question Paper. (You need to be convinced that a candidate is
2. (a)
applying this method before you apply the Mark Scheme for Way 4).
Way 4
⎧⎪ ⎛ 1 + x⎞ (1 + x) 1 2 ⎫⎪ 1
⎛ 1 2⎞ 1

⎨ ⎜ ⎟ = = 1+ x + ⎬ ⇒ + = ⎜ + + ⎟ −
2 2
x (1 x ) 1 x x (1 x ) B1
⎪⎩ ⎝ 1 − x⎠ (1 − x) 2 ⎪⎭ ⎝ 2 ⎠
⎛ 1 ⎞ ( 1 )( − 12 ) 2 ⎧ ⎫
1
1 1 2
(1 + x) 2 = 1 + ⎜ ⎟ x + 2 x + ... ⎨= 1 + x − x + ...⎬ ,
⎝2⎠ 2! ⎩ 2 8 ⎭
M1A1A1
1
⎛1⎞ ( 1 )(− 12 ) ⎧ 1 1 ⎫
(1 − x) 2 = 1 + ⎜ ⎟ (− x) + 2 (− x) 2 + ... ⎨= 1 − x − x 2 + ...⎬
⎝2⎠ 2! ⎩ 2 8 ⎭
⎛ 1 ⎞ ⎛ 1 ⎞⎛ ⎞
1
1 1
RHS = ⎜1 + x + x 2 ⎟ (1 − x) 2 = ⎜1 + x + x 2 ⎟⎜ 1 − x − x 2 + ... ⎟
⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠⎝ 2 8 ⎠
1 1 2 1 2 1 2
=1− x − x + x − x + x See notes M1
2 8 2 2
1 1 2
=1+ x − x
2 8
1 1
So, LHS = 1 + x − x 2 = RHS A1 *
2 8
[6]
⎛ 1 ⎞
1 1
B1: (1 + x) = ⎜1 + x + x 2 ⎟ (1 − x) seen or implied.
2 2

⎝ 2 ⎠
M1: For Way 4, this M1 mark is dependent on the first B1 mark.
1
Expands (1 + x) 2 to give any 2 out of 3 terms simplified or un-simplified,
1 ⎛ 1 ⎞ ( 1 )(− 12 ) 2 ( 1 )(− 12 ) 2
Eg: 1+ x or + ⎜ ⎟ x + 2 x or 1 + .... + 2 x
2 ⎝2⎠ 2! 2!
1
or expands (1 − x) 2 to give any 2 out of 3 terms simplified or un-simplified,
⎛1⎞ ⎛1⎞ ( 1 )(− 12 ) ( 1 )(− 12 )
Eg: 1 + ⎜ ⎟(− x) or + ⎜ ⎟ (− x) + 2 (− x) 2 or 1 + .... + 2 (− x)2
⎝ ⎠
2 ⎝ ⎠
2 2! 2!
A1: At least one binomial expansion correct (either un-simplified or simplified). (ignore x 3 and x 4 terms)
A1: Two binomial expansions are correct (either un-simplified or simplified). (ignore x 3 and x 4 terms)
M1: For Way 4, this M1 mark is dependent on the first B1 mark.
Multiplies out RHS to give 1, exactly two terms in x and exactly three terms in x 2 .
A1: Candidate achieves the result on the exam paper. Candidate needs to have correctly processed both
⎛ 1 ⎞
1 1
the LHS and RHS of (1 + x) 2 = ⎜1 + x + x 2 ⎟ (1 − x) 2 .
⎝ 2 ⎠
 PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com

Question
Scheme Marks
Number
3. (a) 1.154701 B1 cao
[1]
1 π
(b) Area ≈ × ;×⎡⎣1 + 2 (1.035276 + their 1.154701) + 1.414214 ⎤⎦ B1; M1
2 6
π
= × 6.794168 = 1.778709023... = 1.7787 (4 dp) 1.7787 or awrt 1.7787 A1
12
[3]

∫
2
⎛ ⎛ x ⎞⎞
π For π ⎜ sec ⎜ ⎟ ⎟ .

∫
2
2 ⎛ ⎛ x ⎞⎞ ⎝ ⎝ 2 ⎠⎠ B1
(c) V =π ⎜ sec ⎜ ⎟ ⎟ dx
0 ⎝ ⎝ 2 ⎠⎠ Ignore limits and dx .
Can be implied.
⎛ x⎞
π ± λ tan ⎜ ⎟ M1
⎡ ⎛ x ⎞⎤ 2 ⎝2⎠
= {π } ⎢ 2 tan ⎜ ⎟ ⎥
⎣ ⎝ 2 ⎠⎦ 0 ⎛ x⎞ A1
2 tan ⎜ ⎟ or equivalent
⎝2⎠
= 2π 2π A1 cao cso
[4]
8
Notes for Question 3
(a) B1: 1.154701 correct answer only. Look for this on the table or in the candidate’s working.
1 π π
(b) B1: Outside brackets × or or awrt 0.262
2 6 12
M1: For structure of trapezium rule [ ............. ]
A1: anything that rounds to 1.7787
Note: It can be possible to award : (a) B0 (b) B1M1A1 (awrt 1.7787)
Note: Working must be seen to demonstrate the use of the trapezium rule. Note: actual area is 1.762747174…
π π
Note: Award B1M1A1 for (1.035276 + their 1.154701) = 1.778709023...
(1 + 1.414214) +
12 6
Bracketing mistake: Unless the final answer implies that the calculation has been done correctly,
1 π
Award B1M0A0 for × + 1 + 2 (1.035276 + their 1.154701) + 1.414214 (nb: answer of 7.05596...).
2 6
1 π
Award B1M0A0 for × (1 + 1.414214) + 2 (1.035276 + their 1.154701) (nb: answer of 5.01199...).
2 6
Alternative method for part (b): Adding individual trapezia
π ⎡ 1 +1.035276 1.035276 +1.154701 1.154701+ 1.414214 ⎤
Area ≈ × ⎢ + + ⎥ = 1.778709023...
6 ⎣ 2 2 2 ⎦
π
B1: and a divisor of 2 on all terms inside brackets.
6
M1: First and last ordinates once and two of the middle ordinates twice inside brackets ignoring the 2.
A1: anything that rounds to 1.7787
 PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com

Notes for Question 3 Continued

∫ ∫ ∫(
2
⎛ ⎛ x ⎞⎞ ⎛ x⎞ 1
B1: For a correct statement of π ⎜ sec ⎜ ⎟ ⎟ or π sec 2 ⎜ ⎟ or π {dx} .
⎝ ⎝ 2 ⎠⎠ ⎝2⎠ cos ( 2x ) )
2
3. (c)
Ignore limits and dx . Can be implied.

∫
⎛ x2 ⎞
Note: Unless a correct expression stated π sec ⎜ ⎟ would be B0.
⎝ 4 ⎠
⎛ x⎞
M1: ± λ tan ⎜ ⎟ from any working.
⎝2⎠
⎛ x⎞ 1 ⎛ x⎞
A1: 2 tan ⎜ ⎟ or 1 tan ⎜ ⎟ from any working.
⎝2⎠ (2) ⎝ 2⎠
A1: 2π from a correct solution only.

Note: The π in the volume formula is only required for the B1 mark and the final A1 mark.
Note: Decimal answer of 6.283... without correct exact answer is A0.

∫
Note: The B1 mark can be implied by later working – as long as it is clear that the candidate has applied π y 2
in their working.

∫
Note: Writing the correct formula of V = π y 2 {dx} , but incorrectly applying it is B0.
 PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com

Question
Scheme Marks
Number
π π
4. x = 2sin t , y = 1 − cos 2t {= 2sin t} ,
2
−
2
-t-
2
dx dy
At least one of or correct. B1
dx dy dy dt dt
(a) = 2cos t , = 2sin 2t or = 4sin t cos t
dt dt dt dx dy B1
Both and are correct.
dt dt
dy 2sin 2t ⎧ 4cos t sin t ⎫ dy dx
So, = ⎨= = 2sin t ⎬ Applies their divided by their
dx 2cos t ⎩ 2cos t ⎭ dt dt
M1;
⎛ 2π ⎞ π dy
2sin ⎜ and substitutes t = into their .
π dy ⎟ 6 dx
At t = , = ⎝ 6 ⎠ ; =1
6 dx ⎛π ⎞ dy
2cos ⎜ ⎟ Correct value for of 1 A1 cao cso
⎝6⎠ dx
[4]
(b) y = 1 − cos 2t = 1 − (1 − 2sin 2 t ) M1
= 2sin 2 t
⎛ x⎞
2
x2 ⎛ ⎛ x⎞ ⎞
2
x2
So, y = 2 ⎜ ⎟ or y = or y = 2 − 2 ⎜1 − ⎜ ⎟ ⎟ y= or equivalent. A1 cso isw
⎝2⎠ 2 ⎜ ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎟⎠ 2
⎝
Either k = 2 or − 2 - x - 2 B1
[3]
(c) Range: 0 - f ( x) - 2 or 0 - y - 2 or 0 - f - 2 See notes B1 B1
[2]
9
Notes for Question 4
(a)
dx dy
B1: At least one of or correct. Note: that this mark can be implied from their working.
dt dt
dx dy
B1: Both and are correct. Note: that this mark can be implied from their working.
dt dt
dy dx π dy
M1: Applies their divided by their and attempts to substitute t = into their expression for .
dt dt 6 dx
This mark may be implied by their final answer.
dy sin 2t 1
Ie. = followed by an answer of would be M1 (implied).
dx 2cos t 2
A1: For an answer of 1 by correct solution only.
dy
Note: Don’t just look at the answer! A number of candidates are finding = 1 from incorrect methods.
dx
dx dy dy dy dx
Note: Applying divided by their is M0, even if they state = ÷ .
dt dt dx dt dt
dx dy dy − 2sin 2t
Special Case: Award SC: B0B0M1A1 for = − 2cos t , = − 2sin 2t leading to =
dt dt dx − 2cos t
π dy
which after substitution of t = , yields =1
6 dx
Note: It is possible for you to mark part(a), part (b) and part (c) together. Ignore labelling!
 PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com

Notes for Question 4 Continued

4. (b) M1: Uses the correct double angle formula cos 2t = 1 − 2sin 2 t or cos 2t = 2cos 2 t − 1 or
cos 2t = cos 2 t − sin 2 t in an attempt to get y in terms of sin 2 t or get y in terms of cos 2 t
or get y in terms of sin 2 t and cos 2 t . Writing down y = 2sin 2 t is fine for M1.
x2
A1: Achieves y = or un-simplified equivalents in the form y = f(x). For example:
2
2x2 ⎛ x⎞
2
⎛ ⎛ x⎞ ⎞
2
4 − x2 x2
y= or y = 2 ⎜ ⎟ or y = 2 − 2 ⎜ 1 − ⎜ ⎟ ⎟ or y = 1 − +
4 ⎝2⎠ ⎜ ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎠⎟ 4 4
⎝
and you can ignore subsequent working if a candidate states a correct version of the Cartesian equation.
IMPORTANT: Please check working as this result can be fluked from an incorrect method.
Award A0 if there is a + c added to their answer.
B1: Either k = 2 or a candidate writes down − 2 - x - 2 . Note: − 2 - k - 2 unless k stated as 2 is B0.
(c) Note: The values of 0 and/or 2 need to be evaluated in this part
B1: Achieves an inclusive upper or lower limit, using acceptable notation. Eg: f ( x ) . 0 or f ( x) - 2
B1: 0 - f ( x) - 2 or 0 - y - 2 or 0 - f - 2
Special Case: SC: B1B0 for either 0 < f ( x) < 2 or 0 < f < 2 or 0 < y < 2 or (0, 2)
Special Case: SC: B1B0 for 0 - x - 2 .
IMPORTANT: Note that: Therefore candidates can use either y or f in place of f ( x)
Examples: 0 - x - 2 is SC: B1B0 0 < x < 2 is B0B0
x . 0 is B0B0 x - 2 is B0B0
f ( x) > 0 is B0B0 f ( x) < 2 is B0B0
x > 0 is B0B0 x < 2 is B0B0
0 . f ( x) . 2 is B0B0 0 < f ( x) - 2 is B1B0
0 - f ( x) < 2 is B1B0. f ( x) . 0 is B1B0
f ( x) - 2 is B1B0 f ( x) . 0 and f ( x) - 2 is B1B1. Must state AND {or} ∩
2 - f ( x) - 2 is B0B0 f ( x) . 0 or f ( x) - 2 is B1B0.
f ( x) - 2 is B1B0 f ( x) . 2 is B0B0
1 - f ( x) - 2 is B1B0 1 < f ( x) < 2 is B0B0
0 - f ( x) - 4 is B1B0 0 < f ( x) < 4 is B0B0
0 - Range - 2 is B1B0 Range is in between 0 and 2 is B1B0
0 < Range < 2 is B0B0. Range . 0 is B1B0
Range - 2 is B1B0 Range . 0 and Range - 2 is B1B0.
[0, 2] is B1B1 (0, 2) is SC B1B0

Aliter dx dy
= 2cos t , = 2sin 2t , So B1, B1.
4. (a) dt dt
Way 2 π dx ⎛π ⎞ dy ⎛ 2π ⎞
At t = , = 2cos ⎜ ⎟ = 3 , = 2sin ⎜ ⎟= 3
6 dt ⎝6⎠ dt ⎝ 6 ⎠
dy
Hence =1 So implied M1, A1.
dx
 PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com

Notes for Question 4 Continued

Aliter Correct differentiation of their Cartesian equation. B1ft

1 2 dy
4. (a) y= x ⇒ =x dy
Way 3 2 dx Finds = x , using the correct Cartesian equation only. B1
dx
π
Finds the value of “x” when t =
πdy ⎛π ⎞ 6
At t = , = 2sin ⎜ ⎟ M1
6 dx ⎝6⎠ and substitutes this into their
dy
dx
dy
= 1 Correct value for of 1 A1
dx
Aliter
y = 1 − cos 2t = 1 − (2cos 2 t − 1) M1
4. (b)
Way 2 2− y 2− y
y = 2 − 2cos 2 t ⇒ cos 2 t = ⇒ 1 − sin 2 t =
2 2
2− y
2
⎛x⎞ (Must be in the form y = f ( x) ).
1−⎜ ⎟ =
⎝2⎠ 2
⎛ ⎛ x⎞ ⎞
2

y = 2 − 2 ⎜1 − ⎜ ⎟ ⎟ A1
⎜ ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎟⎠
⎝
Aliter ⎛ x⎞
x = 2sin t ⇒ t = sin −1 ⎜ ⎟
4. (b) ⎝2⎠
Way 3 Rearranges to make t the subject
M1
⎛ ⎛ x ⎞⎞ and substitutes the result into y.
So, y = 1 − cos ⎜ 2sin −1 ⎜ ⎟ ⎟
⎝ ⎝ 2 ⎠⎠ ⎛ ⎛ x ⎞⎞
y = 1 − cos ⎜ 2sin −1 ⎜ ⎟ ⎟ A1 oe
⎝ ⎝ 2 ⎠⎠
Aliter 1
y = 1 − cos 2t ⇒ cos 2t = 1 − y ⇒ t = cos −1 (1 − y )
4. (b) 2
Way 4 ⎛1 ⎞ Rearranges to make t the subject
So, x = ± 2sin ⎜ cos −1 (1 − y ) ⎟ M1
⎝2 ⎠ and substitutes the result into y.
⎛ ⎛ x ⎞⎞ ⎛ ⎛ x ⎞⎞
So, y = 1 − cos ⎜ 2sin −1 ⎜ ⎟ ⎟ y = 1 − cos ⎜ 2sin −1 ⎜ ⎟ ⎟ A1 oe
⎝ ⎝ 2 ⎠⎠ ⎝ ⎝ 2 ⎠⎠
Aliter dy 1 dy 1
= 2sin t = x ⇒ y = x 2 + c = x ⇒ y = x2 + c M1
4. (b) dx 2 dx 2
Way 5 Eg: when eg: t = 0 (nb : − π2 - t - π2 ), 1
Full method of finding y = x 2
1 2 2 A1
x = 0, y = 1 − 1 = 0 ⇒ c=0 ⇒ y= x using a value of t: − 2 - t - π2
π
2

dy 1
Note: = 2sin t = x ⇒ y = x 2 , with no attempt to find c is M1A0.
dx 2
 PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com

Question
Scheme Marks
Number
du 1 − 12
5. (a) {x = u 2 ⇒ } dx
du
= 2u or = x
dx 2
or
du
=
1
dx 2 x
B1

⎧⎪ ⎫⎪
∫ ∫ u (2u − 1) 2u du
1 1
⎨ dx ⎬ = M1
⎩⎪ x(2 x − 1) ⎪⎭
2

∫ u (2u − 1) du
2
= A1 * cso

[3]
(b) 2 A B
≡ + ⇒ 2 ≡ A(2u − 1) + Bu
u (2u − 1) u (2u − 1)
See notes M1 A1
u = 0 ⇒ 2 = − A ⇒ A= − 2
u = 12 ⇒ 2 = 12 B ⇒ B = 4
M N
+ , M ≠ 0 , N ≠ 0 to
∫ ∫
2 −2 4 Integrates
(2u − 1)
So du = + du u M1
u (2u − 1) u (2u − 1)
obtain any one of ± λ ln u or ± µ ln(2u − 1)
At least one term correctly followed through A1 ft
= − 2ln u + 2ln(2u − 1)
−2ln u + 2ln(2u − 1) . A1 cao
So, [ −2ln u + 2ln(2u − 1) ] 1
3

Applies limits of 3 and 1 in u or 9

= ( −2ln 3 + 2ln(2(3) − 1) ) − ( −2ln1+ 2ln(2(1) − 1) ) and 1 in x in their integrated function M1
and subtracts the correct way round.
= − 2ln 3 + 2ln 5 − (0)
⎛5⎞ ⎛5⎞
= 2ln ⎜ ⎟ 2ln ⎜ ⎟ A1 cso cao
⎝3⎠ ⎝ 3⎠
[7]
10
Notes for Question 5
dx du 1 − 12 du 1 dx
(a) B1: = 2u or dx = 2u du or = x or = or du =
du dx 2 dx 2 x 2 x
M1: A full substitution producing an integral in u only (including the du ) (Integral sign not necessary).
The candidate needs to deal with the “ x ”, the “ (2 x − 1) ” and the “ dx ” and converts from an
integral term in x to an integral in u. (Remember the integral sign is not necessary for M1).
A1*: leading to the result printed on the question paper (including the du ). (Integral sign is needed).
(b)
2 A B 1 P Q
M1: Writing ≡ + or writing ≡ + and a complete method for
u (2u − 1) u (2u − 1) u (2u − 1) u (2u − 1)
finding the value of at least one of their A or their B (or their P or their Q).
A1: Both their A = − 2 and their B = 4 . (Or their P = −1 and their Q = 2 with the multiplying factor of
2 in front of the integral sign).
M N
M1: Integrates + , M ≠ 0 , N ≠ 0 (i.e. a two term partial fraction) to obtain any one of
u (2u − 1)
± λ ln u or ± µ ln(2u − 1) or ± µ ln ( u − 1
2 )
A1ft: At least one term correctly followed through from their A or from their B (or their P and their Q).
A1: −2ln u + 2ln(2u − 1)
Notes for Question 5 Continued
5. (b) ctd M1: Applies limits of 3 and 1 in u or 9 and 1 in x in their (i.e. any) changed function and subtracts the
 PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
correct way round.
Note: If a candidate just writes ( −2ln 3 + 2ln(2(3) − 1) ) oe , this is ok for M1.
⎛5⎞
A1: 2ln ⎜ ⎟ correct answer only. (Note: a = 5, b = 3 ).
⎝3⎠
Important note: Award M0A0M1A1A0 for a candidate who writes

∫ ∫
2 2 2
du = + du = 2ln u + ln(2u − 1)
u (2u − 1) u (2u − 1)
2
AS EVIDENCE OF WRITING AS PARTIAL FRACTIONS IS GIVEN.
u (2u − 1)
Important note: Award M0A0M0A0A0 for a candidate who writes down either

∫ ∫
2 2
du = 2ln u + 2ln(2u − 1) or du = 2ln u + ln(2u − 1)
u (2u − 1) u (2u − 1)
2
WITHOUT ANY EVIDENCE OF WRITING as partial fractions.
u (2u − 1)
Important note: Award M1A1M1A1A1 for a candidate who writes down

∫
2
du = − 2ln u + 2ln(2u − 1)
u (2u − 1)
2
WITHOUT ANY EVIDENCE OF WRITING as partial fractions.
u (2u − 1)

∫ u (2u − 1) du we can allow a maximum of

1
Note: In part (b) if they lose the “2” and find

M1A0 M1A1ftA0 M1A0.

 PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com

Question
Scheme Marks
Number
dθ
6. = λ (120 − θ ) , θ - 100
dt

∫ ∫ ∫ λ (120 − θ ) dθ = ∫ dt
1 1
(a) dθ = λ dt or B1
120 − θ
1
− ln (120 − θ ) ; = λ t + c − ln (120 − θ ) ; = t + c
M1 A1;
or See notes
λ M1 A1
{t = 0 , θ = 20 ⇒} − ln (120 − 20 ) = λ (0) + c See notes M1
c = − ln100 ⇒ − ln (120 − θ ) = λ t − ln100
then either... or...
− λt = ln (120 − θ ) − ln100 λt = ln100 − ln (120 − θ )
⎛ 120 − θ ⎞ ⎛ 100 ⎞
− λ t = ln ⎜ ⎟ λ t = ln ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 100 ⎠ ⎝ 120 − θ ⎠
120 − θ eλt =
100
e− λt = dddM1
100 120 − θ
(120 − θ ) eλt = 100
100e − λt = 120 − θ
⇒ 120 − θ = 100e − λt
A1 *
leading to θ = 120 − 100e− λt
[8]
(b) {λ = 0.01 , θ = 100 ⇒} 100 = 120 − 100e − 0.01t
M1
⎛ 120 − 100 ⎞ Uses correct order of operations by
⇒ 100e − 0.01t = 120 − 100 ⇒ − 0.01t = ln ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 100 ⎠ moving from 100 = 120 − 100e − 0.01t
1 ⎛ 120 − 100 ⎞ to give t = ... and t = A ln B ,
t= ln ⎜ ⎟ dM1
− 0.01 ⎝ 100 ⎠ where B > 0
⎧ 1 ⎛1⎞ ⎫
⎨t = ln ⎜ ⎟ = 100ln 5⎬
⎩ − 0.01 ⎝ 5 ⎠ ⎭
t = 160.94379... = 161 (s) (nearest second) awrt 161 A1
[3]
11
 PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com

Notes for Question 6

(a) B1: Separates variables as shown. dθ and dt should be in the correct positions, though this mark can be
implied by later working. Ignore the integral signs.
Either or

∫ ∫
1 1
M1: dθ → ± A ln (120 − θ ) dθ → ± A ln (120 − θ ) , A is a constant.
120 − θ λ (120 − θ )

∫ ∫λ
1 1 1 1
A1: dθ → − ln (120 − θ ) dθ → − ln (120 − θ ) or − ln (120λ − λθ ) ,
120 − θ (120 − θ ) λ λ
M1: ∫ λ dt → λt ∫1 dt → t
A1: ∫ λ dt → λt + c or ∫1 dt → t + c The + c can appear on either side of the equation.
IMPORTANT: + c can be on either side of their equation for the 2nd A1 mark.
M1: Substitutes t = 0 AND θ = 20 in an integrated or changed equation containing c (or A or ln A ).
Note that this mark can be implied by the correct value of c. { Note that − ln100 = − 4.60517... }.

dddM1: Uses their value of c which must be a ln term, and uses fully correct method to eliminate their
logarithms. Note: This mark is dependent on all three previous method marks being awarded.
A1*: This is a given answer. All previous marks must have been scored and there must not be any errors in
the candidate’s working. Do not accept huge leaps in working at the end. So a minimum of either:
120 − θ
(1): e − λt = ⇒ 100e − λt = 120 − θ ⇒ θ = 120 − 100e − λt
100
100
or (2): eλt = ⇒ (120 − θ ) eλt = 100 ⇒ 120 − θ = 100e − λt ⇒ θ = 120 − 100e − λt
120 − θ
is required for A1.

∫
1 1
Note: dθ → − ln (120λ − λθ ) is ok for the first M1A1 in part (a).
(120λ − λθ ) λ

(b) M1: Substitutes λ = 0.01 and θ = 100 into the printed equation or one of their earlier equations connecting
θ and t. This mark can be implied by subsequent working.
dM1: Candidate uses correct order of operations by moving from 100 = 120 − 100e − 0.01t to t = ...
Note: that the 2nd Method mark is dependent on the 1st Method mark being awarded in part (b).
A1: awrt 161 or “awrt” 2 minutes 41 seconds. (Ignore incorrect units).
Aliter
∫ ∫λ
1
6. (a) dθ = dt B1
Way 2 120 − θ

− ln (120 − θ ) = λ t + c
M1 A1;
See notes
M1 A1
− ln (120 − θ ) = λ t + c
ln (120 − θ ) = − λ t + c
120 − θ = Ae − λt
θ = 120 − Ae− λt
{t = 0 , θ = 20 ⇒} 20 = 120 − Ae0 M1
A = 120 − 20 = 100
So, θ = 120 − 100e − λt dddM1 A1 *
[8]
 PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com

Notes for Question 6 Continued

(a) B1M1A1M1A1: Mark as in the original scheme.
M1: Substitutes t = 0 AND θ = 20 in an integrated equation containing their constant of integration which
could be c or A. Note that this mark can be implied by the correct value of c or A.
dddM1: Uses a fully correct method to eliminate their logarithms and writes down an equation containing
their evaluated constant of integration.
Note: This mark is dependent on all three previous method marks being awarded.
Note: ln (120 − θ ) = − λ t + c leading to 120 − θ = e − λt + ec or 120 − θ = e − λt + A , would be dddM0.
A1*: Same as the original scheme.
Note: The jump from ln (120 − θ ) = − λ t + c to 120 − θ = Ae − λt with no incorrect working is condoned
in part (a).

∫ ∫ ∫ ∫
Aliter 1 ⎧ −1 ⎫
6. (a) dθ = λ dt ⎨⇒ dθ = λ dt ⎬ B1
Way 3 120 − θ ⎩ θ − 120 ⎭

− ln θ − 120 = λ t + c Modulus required M1 A1

for 1st A1. M1 A1
{t = 0 , θ = 20 ⇒} − ln 20 − 120 = λ (0) + c Modulus
not required here!
M1
⇒ c = − ln100 ⇒ − ln θ − 120 = λ t − ln100
then either... or...
− λ t = ln θ − 120 − ln100 λt = ln100 − ln θ − 120
θ − 120 100
− λ t = ln λt = ln
100 θ − 120
As θ - 100
⎛ 120 − θ ⎞ ⎛ 100 ⎞
− λ t = ln ⎜ ⎟ λt = ln ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 120 − θ ⎠
⎝ 100 ⎠ Understanding of
modulus is required dddM1
120 − θ eλ t =
100 here!
e− λt =
100 120 − θ

− λt
(120 − θ ) eλt = 100
100e = 120 − θ
⇒ 120 − θ = 100e − λt
A1 *
leading to θ = 120 − 100e− λt
[8]
B1: Mark as in the original scheme.
M1: Mark as in the original scheme ignoring the modulus.

∫
1
A1: dθ → − ln θ − 120 . (The modulus is required here).
120 − θ
M1A1: Mark as in the original scheme.
M1: Substitutes t = 0 AND θ = 20 in an integrated equation containing their constant of integration which
could be c or A. Mark as in the original scheme ignoring the modulus.
dddM1: Mark as in the original scheme AND the candidate must demonstrate that they have converted
ln θ − 120 to ln (120 − θ ) in their working. Note: This mark is dependent on all three previous method
marks being awarded.
A1: Mark as in the original scheme.
 PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com

Notes for Question 6 Continued

Aliter
Use of an integrating factor
6. (a)
Way 4 dθ dθ
= λ (120 − θ ) ⇒ + λθ = 120λ
dt dt
IF = eλt B1

dt
( e θ ) = 120λ eλt ,
d λt
M1A1

eλtθ = 120λ eλt + k M1A1

− λt
θ = 120 + Ke M1
{t = 0 , θ = 20 ⇒} − 100 = K
θ = 120 − 100e − λt M1A1
 PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com

Question
Scheme Marks
Number
7. x 2 + 4 xy + y 2 + 27 = 0
⎧ dy ⎫ ⎛ dy ⎞ dy
(a) ⎨ = ⎬ 2x + ⎜ 4 y + 4x ⎟ + 2 y = 0 M1 A1 B1
⎩ dx ⎭ ⎜ ⎟
dx ⎠ dx
⎝
dy
2 x + 4 y + (4 x + 2 y ) =0 dM1
dx
dy − 2x − 4 y ⎧ − x − 2 y ⎫
= ⎨= ⎬ A1 cso oe
dx 4x + 2 y ⎩ 2x + y ⎭
[5]
(b) 4x + 2 y = 0 M1
1
y = − 2x x=− y A1
2
2
⎛ 1 ⎞ ⎛ 1 ⎞
x 2 + 4 x(−2 x) + (−2 x) 2 + 27 = 0 ⎜ − y ⎟ + 4 ⎜ − y ⎟ y + y + 27 = 0
2
M1*
⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠
3 2
− 3x 2 + 27 = 0 − y + 27 = 0
4
x2 = 9 y 2 = 36 dM1*
x = −3 y=6 A1
1
When x = − 3 , y = − 2(− 3) When y = 6 , x = − (6) ddM1*
2
y=6 x = −3 A1 cso
[7]
12
Notes for Question 7
dy dy ⎛ dy ⎞
(a) M1: Differentiates implicitly to include either 4 x or ± ky . (Ignore ⎜ = ⎟ ).
dx dx ⎝ dx ⎠
⎛ ⎞
A1: ( x ) → ( 2 x ) and
2
⎜ ... + y + 27 = 0 → + 2 y
2 dy
= 0 ⎟.
⎝ d x ⎠
Note: If an extra term appears then award A0.
Note: The " = 0" can be implied by rearrangement of their equation.
dy dy dy dy
i.e.: 2 x + 4 y + 4 x + 2y leading to 4 x + 2y = − 2 x − 4 y will get A1 (implied).
dx dx dx dx
dy ⎛ dy ⎞
B1: 4 y + 4 x or 4 ⎜ y + x ⎟ or equivalent
dx ⎝ dx ⎠
dy dy
dM1: An attempt to factorise out as long as there are at least two terms in .
dx dx
dy dy
ie. ... + (4 x + 2 y ) = ... or ... + 2(2 x + y ) = ...
dx dx
Note: This mark is dependent on the previous method mark being awarded.
− 2x − 4 y + 2x + 4 y − 2( x + 2 y ) − x − 2y
A1: For or equivalent. Eg: or or
4x + 2 y − 4x − 2 y 4x + 2 y 2x + y
cso: If the candidate’s solution is not completely correct, then do not give this mark.
 PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com

Notes for Question 7 Continued

dy dx
(b) M1: Sets the denominator of their equal to zero (or the numerator of their equal to zero) oe.
dx dy
1
A1: Rearranges to give either y = − 2 x or x = − y . (correct solution only).
2
The first two marks can be implied from later working, i.e. for a correct substitution of either y = − 2 x
1
into y 2 or for x = − y into 4xy .
2
M1*: Substitutes y = ± λ x or or x = ± µ y or y = ± λ x ± a or x = ± µ y ± b (λ ≠ 0, µ ≠ 0) into
x 2 + 4 xy + y 2 + 27 = 0 to form an equation in one variable.
dM1*: leading to at least either x 2 = A , A > 0 or y 2 = B , B > 0
Note: This mark is dependent on the previous method mark (M1*) being awarded.
A1: For x = − 3 (ignore x = 3) or if y was found first, y = 6 (ignore y = − 6) (correct solution only).
ddM1* Substitutes their value of x into y = ± λ x to give y = value
or substitutes their value of x into x 2 + 4 xy + y 2 + 27 = 0 to give y = value .
Alternatively, substitutes their value of y into x = ± µ y to give x = value
or substitutes their value of y into x 2 + 4 xy + y 2 + 27 = 0 to give x = value
Note: This mark is dependent on the two previous method marks (M1* and dM1*) being awarded.
A1: (− 3, 6) cso.
Note: If a candidate offers two sets of coordinates without either rejecting the incorrect set or accepting the
correct set then award A0. DO NOT APPLY ISW ON THIS OCCASION.
Note: x = − 3 followed later in working by y = 6 is fine for A1.
Note: y = 6 followed later in working by x = − 3 is fine for A1.
Note: x = − 3 , 3 followed later in working by y = 6 is A0, unless candidate indicates that they
are rejecting x = 3

dy dx
Note: Candidates who set the numerator of equal to 0 (or the denominator of their equal to zero) can
dx dy
only achieve a maximum of 3 marks in this part. They can only achieve the 2nd, 3rd and 4th Method marks to
give a maximum marking profile of M0A0M1M1A0M1A0. They will usually find (− 6, 3) { or even
(6, − 3) }.

dy
Note: Candidates who set the numerator or the denominator of equal to ± k (usually k = 1 ) can only
dx
achieve a maximum of 3 marks in this part. They can only achieve the 2nd, 3rd and 4th Method marks to give a
marking profile of M0A0M1M1A0M1A0.

Special Case: It is possible for a candidate who does not achieve full marks in part (a), (but has a correct
dy
denominator for ) to gain all 7 marks in part (b).
dx
dy 2x − 4 y
Eg: An incorrect part (a) answer of = can lead to a correct (− 3, 6) in part (b) and 7 marks.
dx 4x + 2 y
 PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com

Question
Scheme Marks
Number
⎛ 13 ⎞ ⎛ 2⎞ ⎛−p⎞
⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ JJJG ⎜ ⎟
8. l : r = ⎜ 8 ⎟ + λ ⎜ 2 ⎟ , A ( 3, − 2, 6 ) , OP = ⎜ 0 ⎟
⎜1⎟ ⎜ −1 ⎟ ⎜ 2p⎟
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
⎛ 3⎞ ⎛ − p ⎞ ⎛ − p ⎞ ⎛ 3⎞ Finds the difference
JJJG JJJG JJJG JJJG
(a) { } ⎜ ⎟ ⎜
PA = ⎜ − 2 ⎟ − ⎜ 0 ⎟
⎟
{ } ⎜ ⎟ ⎜
AP = ⎜ 0 ⎟ − ⎜ − 2 ⎟
⎟
between OA and OP . M1
⎜ 6 ⎟ ⎜ 2p⎟ ⎜ 2p⎟ ⎜ 6 ⎟
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ Ignore labelling.
⎛ 3 + p ⎞ ⎛ − 3 − p ⎞
⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟
= ⎜ −2 ⎟ =⎜ 2 ⎟ Correct difference. A1
⎜6 − 2p⎟ ⎜ 2p − 6⎟
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
⎛ 3 + p ⎞ ⎛ 2⎞
⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟
⎜ −2 ⎟ • ⎜ 2⎟ = 6 + 2 p − 4 − 6 + 2 p = 0 See notes. M1
⎜ 6 − 2 p ⎟ ⎜ −1 ⎟
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
p =1 A1 cso
[4]
(b) AP = 4 + (−2) + 4
2 2 2
or AP = (− 4) + 2 + (−4)
2 2 2
See notes. M1
So, PA or AP = 36 or 6 cao A1 cao
It follows that, AB = "6" {= PA } or PB = "6 2 " = 2 PA{ } See notes. B1 ft
{Note that AB = "6" = 2(the modulus of the direction vector of l ) }
⎛ 3⎞ ⎛ 2⎞
JJJG ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟
OB = ⎜ − 2 ⎟ ± 2⎜ 2⎟ or
⎜ 6⎟ ⎜ − 1⎟ Uses a correct method in order
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
to find both possible sets of M1
⎛ 13 ⎞ ⎛ 2⎞ ⎛ 13 ⎞ ⎛ 2⎞
JJJG ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ JJJG ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟
coordinates of B.
OB = ⎜ 8 ⎟ − 3 ⎜ 2 ⎟ and OB = ⎜ 8 ⎟ − 7 ⎜ 2 ⎟
⎜1⎟ ⎜ − 1⎟ ⎜1⎟ ⎜ − 1⎟
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
⎛7 ⎞ ⎛ −1 ⎞
⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟
= ⎜ 2 ⎟ and ⎜ −6 ⎟ Both coordinates are correct. A1 cao
⎜4⎟ ⎜ 8⎟
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
[5]
9
Notes for Question 8
JJJG JJJG
8. (a) M1: Finds the difference between OA and OP. Ignore labelling.
If no “subtraction” seen, you can award M1 for 2 out of 3 correct components of the difference.
⎛ 3+ p ⎞ ⎛ −3 − p ⎞
⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟
A1: Accept any of ⎜ − 2 ⎟ or (3 + p) i − 2 j + (6 − 2 p)k or ⎜ 2 ⎟ or (− 3 − p ) i + 2 j + (2 p − 6)k
⎜6 − 2p⎟ ⎜ 2 p − 6⎟
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
 PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com

Notes for Question 8 Continued

8. (a) ⎛ 2⎞ ⎛ 2⎞
JJJG ⎜ ⎟ JJJG ⎜ ⎟
M1: Applies the formula PA • ⎜ 2 ⎟ or AP • ⎜ 2 ⎟ correctly to give a linear equation in p which is set equal to
⎜ −1 ⎟ ⎜ −1 ⎟
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
⎛ 2⎞
⎜ ⎟
zero. Note: The dot product can also be with ± k ⎜ 2 ⎟ . Eg: Some candidates may find
⎜ −1 ⎟
⎝ ⎠
⎛ 13 ⎞ ⎛ 3 ⎞ ⎛ 10 ⎞
⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟
⎜8⎟ − ⎜ − 2 ⎟ = ⎜ 10 ⎟ , for instance, and use this in their dot product which is fine for M1.
⎜1⎟ ⎜ 6 ⎟ ⎜ −5⎟
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
A1: Finds p = 1 from a correct solution only.
Note: The direction of subtraction is not important in part (a).
(b) M1: Uses their value of p and Pythagoras to obtain a numerical expression for either AP or PA or AP 2 or
PA2 . Eg: PA or AP = 42 + (−2) 2 + 42 or (− 4) 2 + 22 + (− 4) 2 or 42 + 22 + 42
or PA2 or AP 2 = 42 + (−2) 2 + 42 or (− 4) 2 + 22 + (− 4) 2 or 42 + 22 + 42
A1: AP or PA = 36 or 6 cao or AP 2 = 36 cao
B1ft: States or it is clear from their working that AB = "6" {= their evaluated PA } or
{
PB = "6" 2 = 2 (their evaluated PA) }.
Note: So a correct follow length is required here for either AB or PB using their evaluated PA.
Note: This mark may be found on a diagram.
JJJG JJJG JJJG
Note: If a candidate states that AP = AB and then goes on to find AP = 6 then the B1 mark can be implied.
IMPORTANT: This mark may be implied as part of expressions such as:

{ AB =} (10 + 2λ ) 2 + (10 + 2λ ) 2 + (− 5 − λ ) 2 = 6 or { AB = } (10 + 2λ ) + (10 + 2λ ) + (− 5 − λ ) = 36

2 2 2 2

or { PB =} (14 + 2λ ) 2 + (8 + 2λ ) 2 + (−1− λ ) 2 = 6 2 or { PB = } (14 + 2λ ) + (8 + 2λ ) + (−1− λ ) = 72

2 2 2 2

M1: Uses a full method in order to find both possible sets of coordinates of B:
⎛ 3⎞ ⎛ 2⎞ ⎛ 13 ⎞ ⎛ 2⎞ ⎛ 13 ⎞ ⎛ 2⎞
JJJG ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ JJJG ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ JJJG ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟
Eg 1: OB = ⎜ − 2 ⎟ ± 2 ⎜ 2 ⎟ Eg 2: OB = ⎜ 8 ⎟ − 3 ⎜ 2 ⎟ and OB = ⎜ 8 ⎟ − 7 ⎜ 2 ⎟
⎜ 6⎟ ⎜ − 1⎟ ⎜1⎟ ⎜ − 1⎟ ⎜1⎟ ⎜ − 1⎟
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
Note: If a candidate achieves at least one of the correct (7, 2, 4) or (−1, − 6, 8) then award SC M1 here.
⎛ 3⎞ ⎛ 2⎞ ⎛ 3⎞ ⎛ 2⎞
JJJG ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ JJJG ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟
Note: OB = ⎜ − 2 ⎟ − 3 ⎜ 2 ⎟ and OB = ⎜ − 2 ⎟ − 7 ⎜ 2 ⎟ is M0.
⎜ 6⎟ ⎜ − 1⎟ ⎜ 6⎟ ⎜ − 1⎟
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
A1: For both (7, 2, 4) and (−1, − 6, 8). Accept vector notation or i , j , k notation.
Note: All the marks are accessible in part (b) if p = 1 is found from incorrect working in part (a).
⎛ 3⎞ ⎛ 2⎞
JJJG ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟
Note: Imply M1A1B1 and award M1 for candidates who write: OB = ⎜ − 2 ⎟ ± 2 ⎜ 2 ⎟ , with little or no
⎜ 6⎟ ⎜ − 1⎟
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
earlier working.
 PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com

Notes for Question 8 Continued

8. Helpful Diagram!

JJJG 2 λ = −3
AB = 9λ 2 + 90λ + 225
⎛13 + 2λ ⎞
⎜ ⎟ l
⎛10 + 2λ ⎞ B ⎜ 8 + 2λ ⎟
JJJG ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ 1− λ ⎟
AB = ⎜ 10 + 2λ ⎟ ⎝ ⎠
⎜ −5 − λ ⎟
⎝ ⎠
λ = −5

⎛ 3⎞
⎜ ⎟
A⎜ − 2 ⎟
⎜ 6⎟
⎝ ⎠
λ = −7

6
⎛13 + 2λ ⎞ ⎛ 4⎞
JJJG ⎜ ⎟
⎜ ⎟ PA = ⎜ − 2 ⎟
B ⎜ 8 + 2λ ⎟
⎜ 1− λ ⎟ ⎜ 4⎟
⎝ ⎠ 6 ⎝ ⎠
45°

6 2
45°
⎛ −1 ⎞ ⎛−p⎞
⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟
⎛ 14 + 2λ ⎞ P⎜ 0⎟ = ⎜ 0 ⎟
JJJG ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ 2⎟ ⎜ 2p⎟
PB = ⎜ 8 + 2λ ⎟ ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
⎜ −1 − λ ⎟
⎝ ⎠
JJJG 2
PB = 9λ 2 + 90λ + 261

8. (b) Way 2: Setting AB = "6" or AB 2 = "36" Note: It is possible for you to apply the main scheme for Way 2.
{ AB = "6" ⇒ AB 2
= "36" ⇒ } (10 + 2λ ) + (10 + 2λ ) 2 + (− 5 − λ ) 2 = "36"
2
B1ft could be implied here.
9λ 2 + 90λ + 225 = 36 ⇒ 9λ 2 + 90λ + 189 = 0
λ 2 + 10λ + 21 = 0 ⇒ (λ + 3)(λ + 7) = 0
λ = − 3, − 7
Then apply final M1 A1 as in the original scheme. ... M1 A1

8. (b) Way 3: Setting PB = "6 2 " or PB 2 = "72" Note: It is possible for you to apply the main scheme for Way 3.
{PB = "6" 2 ⇒ PB 2 = "72" ⇒ } (14 + 2λ ) 2 + (8 + 2λ ) 2 + (−1− λ ) 2 = "72" B1ft could be implied here.
9λ 2 + 90λ + 261 = 72 ⇒ 9λ 2 + 90λ + 189 = 0
λ 2 + 10λ + 21 = 0 ⇒ (λ + 3)(λ + 7) = 0
λ = − 3, − 7
Then apply final M1 A1 as in the original scheme. ... M1 A1
 PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com

Notes for Question 8 Continued

(You need to be convinced that a candidate is applying this method before you apply the Mark Scheme for
8. (b)
Way 4).
JJJG JJJG
JJJG JJJG ° PA • PB
Way 4: Using the dot product formula between PA and PB , ie: cos 45 = JJJG JJJG .
PA . PB
⎛ 4 ⎞ ⎛ 14 + 2λ ⎞
JJJG JJJG ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟
PA • PB = ⎜ − 2 ⎟ • ⎜ 8 + 2λ ⎟ = 56 + 8λ − 16 − 4λ − 4 − 4λ = 36
⎜ 4 ⎟ ⎜ −1 − λ ⎟
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
JJJG
For finding PA as before. M1
{cos 45 =}
° 1
=
36
36 or 6 A1 cao
2 6 9λ + 90λ + 261
2
JJJG
PB = 9λ 2 + 90λ + 261 B1 oe
1 36
=
2 9λ + 90λ + 261
2

9λ 2 + 90λ + 261 = 72 ⇒ 9λ 2 + 90λ + 189 = 0

λ 2 + 10λ + 21 = 0 ⇒ (λ + 3)(λ + 7) = 0
λ = − 3, − 7
Then apply final M1 A1 as in the original scheme. ... M1 A1

(You need to be convinced that a candidate is applying this method before you apply the Mark Scheme for
8. (b)
Way 5).
JJJG JJJG
JJJG JJJG ° AB • PB
Way 5: Using the dot product formula between AB and PB , ie: cos 45 = JJJG JJJG
AB . PB
Attempts the dot product formula
JJJG JJJG M1
between AB and PB .
⎛10 + 2λ ⎞ ⎛ 14 + 2λ ⎞ JJJG JJJG
⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ Correct statement with AB and PB
⎜ 10 + 2λ ⎟ • ⎜ 8 + 2λ ⎟ A1
⎜ − 5 − λ ⎟ ⎜ −1 − λ ⎟ simplified as shown.
cos 45° =
1
= ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ JJJG
2 9λ + 90λ + 225 9λ + 90λ + 261
2 2 Either AB = 9λ 2 + 90λ + 225 or
JJJG B1
PB = 9λ 2 + 90λ + 261

140 + 20λ + 28λ + 4λ 2 + 80 + 20λ + 16λ + 4λ 2 + 5 + 5λ + λ + λ 2

{cos 45 =}
° 1
=
2 9λ 2 + 90λ + 225 9λ 2 + 90λ + 261
9λ 2 + 90λ + 225
{cos 45 =}
° 1
=
2 9λ 2 + 90λ + 225 9λ 2 + 90λ + 261
1 (9λ 2 + 90λ + 225) 2
=
2 (9λ 2 + 90λ + 225) (9λ 2 + 90λ + 261)
1 (9λ 2 + 90λ + 225)
=
2 (9λ 2 + 90λ + 261)
9λ 2 + 90λ + 261 = 2(9λ 2 + 90λ + 225) ⇒ 9λ 2 + 90λ + 189 = 0
λ 2 + 10λ + 21 = 0 ⇒ (λ + 3)(λ + 7) = 0
λ = − 3, − 7
Then apply final M1 A1 as in the original scheme. ... M1 A1
 PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com

Notes for Question 8 Continued

8. (b) Way 6:
⎛ 4⎞ ⎛ 2⎞ ⎛ 2⎞
JJJG ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟
PA = ⎜ − 2 ⎟ = 2 ⎜ −1 ⎟ and direction vector of l is d = ⎜ 2 ⎟
⎜ 4⎟ ⎜ 2⎟ ⎜ −1 ⎟
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
JJJG A correct statement relating these
So, PA = 2 d or PA = 2 d M1 A1 B1
distances (and not vectors)

Apply final M1 A1 as in the original scheme. ... M1 A1

JJJG
Note: PA = 2d with no other creditable working is M0A0B0...
⎛ 3⎞ ⎛ 2⎞
JJJG JJJG ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟
Note: PA = 2d , followed by OB = ⎜ − 2 ⎟ ± 2 ⎜ 2 ⎟ is M1A1B1M1 and the final A1 mark is for both sets of
⎜ 6⎟ ⎜ − 1⎟
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
correct coordinates.
 PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com

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