Conditional Sentence (If clauses)

Conditional Sentence is a sentence containing expressions to suppose about the outcome of something in the present,
future or perhaps in the past and did not happen. Conditional sentence contains a sentence that presupposes a desires, hopes,
plans that might occur and could also contains something that can not be realized.

According to UNDERSTANDING AND USING ENGLISH GRAMMAR 3TH EDITION book, a conditional
sentence typically consists of an if-clause (which presents a condition) and a result clause. For example : If it rains, the streets get
wet.

According to EF (English First) website, Conditional tenses are used to speculate about what could happen, what might
have happened, and what we wish would happen. In English, most sentences using the conditional contain the word if. Many
conditional forms in English are used in sentences that include verbs in one of the past tenses. This usage is referred to as “the
unreal past” because we use a past tense but we are not actually referring to something that happened in the past. There are three
main ways of constructing conditional sentences in English. In many negative conditional sentences, there is an equivalent
sentence construction using “unless” instead of “if”.

Conditional Sentence with If clauses type

TYPE 1 CONDITIONAL
The first conditional refers to the present or future. First conditional sentences are used to speculate about possible
situations that can really happen.

The Formula :
If + subject + V1 (Simple Present Tense) + Subject + will + V1 (Simple Present tense)
OR
If + subject + (be) present + adjective/noun + Subject + will be + adjective/noun
Example for Conditional Type 1 :
If I study today, I will go to the party tonight.

You will get wet if it rains.

If he is late, we will have to go without him.

TYPE 2 CONDITIONAL
The second conditional also refers to the present or future. In second conditional sentneces we speculate about
situations that will probably never happen.
The Formula :
If + subject + V2 (Simple Past Tense) + Subject + would + V1 (Past Future Tense)
OR
If + subject + were + adjective/noun + Subject + would be + adjective/noun
Example for Conditional Type 2 :
If you went to bed earlier, you would not be so tired.

She would travel all over the world if she were rich.

If I were you, I wouldn’t do it.

TYPE 3 CONDITIONAL
The third conditional sentences always refer to the past. We speculate about situations that happened or did not happen
in the past.

The Formula :
If + subject + had + V3 (Past Perfects) + Subject + would have + V3 (Past Perfect)
OR
If + subject + had been + adjective/noun + Subject + would have been + adjective/noun
Example for Conditional Type 3 :
If we had taken a taxi, we wouldn’t have missed the plane

I would have believed you if you hadn’t lied to me before.

If he had met her, he would have told her

Conditional Sentences Type 0, 1, 2, 3
Soal Conditional Sentence

Pengertian Conditional Sentence

Conditional sentence adalah complex sentence (kalimat majemuk) yang dibentuk dari
subordinate clause yang diawali dengan subordinate conjunction if berupa condition
(syarat) dan main clause berupa result/consequence (hasil). Ada 4 tipe conditional
sentence yang biasa digunakan, yaitu: tipe 1, tipe 2, tipe 3, dan tipe 0.

Table of Contents:

 Pengertian Conditional Sentence

 Rumus Umum Conditional Sentence
 Conditional Sentence Type 0
 Conditional Sentence Type 1
 Conditional Sentence Type 2
  Conditional Sentence Type 3
 Negatif “if + condition”

co
ntoh kalimat conditional sentence dan artinya

Lihat juga:

 If I were atau If I was?

 If dan Whether
 Subjunctive
 Elliptical Construction

Rumus Umum Conditional Sentence

Secara umum, rumus conditional sentence sebagai berikut.

complex sentence

subordinate clause main clause

 if + condition result/consequence

If-clause dapat menempati awal atau tengah kalimat. Ketika if-clause menempati awal
kalimat, koma ditempatkan sebelum main clause.

Rumus, Penggunaan, dan Contoh Kalimat Conditional Sentence

Berbagai Tipe

1. Conditional Sentence Type 0

Conditional sentence type 0 atau zero conditional digunakan ketika result/consequence

(hasil) dari condition (syarat) selalu terwujud karena merupakan scientific fact (fakta
ilmiah) atau general truth (kebenaran umum) yang merupakan habitual
activity (kebiasaan).

Rumus dan Contoh Kalimat Zero Conditional:

if + simple present, simple present

1 If we burn paper, it becomes ash.

(Jika kita membakar kertas, itu menjadi abu.)

2 I feel sick if I eat too much.

(Saya merasa sakit jika saya makan terlalu banyak.) habitual activity

Soal Zero Conditional

2. Conditional Sentence Type 1

Conditional sentence type 1 atau first conditional digunakan ketika result/consequence

(hasil) dari condition (syarat) memiliki kemungkinan untuk terwujud di masa depan
karena condition-nya realistik untuk dipenuhi.

Rumus dan Contoh Kalimat Conditional Sentence Type 1:

if + simple present, simple future “will” / imperative

 1 If I meet him, I will introduce myself.
(Jika saya bertemu dia, saya akan memperkenalkan diri.)

2 I will cook dinner tonight if you clean the house.

(Saya akan memasak makan malam jika kamu membersihkan rumah.)

Soal Conditional Sentence type 1

3.

Conditional Sentence Type 2

Conditional sentence type 2 atau second conditional digunakan ketika

result/consequence (hasil) dari condition (syarat) tidak memiliki atau hanya
sedikit kemungkinan untuk terwujud karena condition-nya tidak mungkin dipenuhi di
masa sekarang atau condition-nya sulit untuk dipenuhi di masa depan.

Rumus dan Contoh Kalimat Conditional Sentence Type 2:

if + simple past / were, would/could/might + bare infinitive

1 If it rained tomorrow, I would sleep all day.

(Jika besok hujan, saya akan tidur sepanjang hari.)

2 If I were you, I’d tell him the truth.

(Jika saya jadi kamu, saya akan mengatakan yang sebenarnya padanya.)

Soal Conditional Sentence type 2

4. Conditional Sentence Type 3

Conditional sentence type 3 atau third conditional digunakan ketika result/consequence

(hasil) dari condition (syarat) tidak ada kemungkinan terwujud karena condition-nya
harus sudah dipenuhi di masa lalu.

Rumus dan Contoh Kalimat Conditional Type 3:

if + past perfect, would/should/could/might + have + past participle

 1 If you had remembered to invite me, I would have attended your party.
(Jika kamu ingat mengundang saya, saya akan hadir di pestamu.)

2 We might have gone to South America if she had not been pregnant.
(Kamu mungkin telah pergi ke Amerika Selatan jika dia tidak hamil.)

Soal Conditional Sentence type 3

conditional sentences type 0, 1, 2, 3

Negatif “if + condition”

If … not dapat digantikan dengan unless.

Contoh Kalimat Conditional Sentence Menggunakan “if … not” dan “unless”:

if … not If the students do not understand, they will raise their hand to ask.
 (Jika para siswa tidak mengerti, mereka akan mengangkat tangan untuk bertanya.)

unless Unless the students understand, they will raise their hand to ask.