12

Discipline and
Ideas in Applied
Sciences
Quarter 3 – Module 3:
Clientele and Audiences in
Counseling

Name: __________________________________________
Grade Level & Section: ______________________

1
Target

Professional counseling is a professional relationship that empowers diverse

individuals, families, and groups to accomplish mental health, wellness, education, and
career goals.

Counselors work with clients on strategies to overcome obstacles and personal

challenges that they are facing.

Individuals and groups of people who receive service from various counseling
professions constitute the clientele and audience. These individuals and groups vary in
their needs and context where they avail of counseling services.

They are not in need of clinical or mental help. They may be the youth in need of
guidance at critical moments of their growth, anyone in need of assistance in realizing
a change in behavior or attitude, or simply seeking to achieve a goal. What the
audience normally calls for in counseling is application or development of social skills,
effective communication, spiritual direction, decision-making, and career choices.
Sometimes, people need to cope with crisis. Other clientele and audiences of
counseling may be people in need of premarital and marital counseling, grief and loss
(divorce, death, or amputation), domestic Violence and other types of abuse, or coping
with terminal illness, death, and dying.

After going through this module, you are expected to explain the principles and core
values of social work (HUMSS_DIASS12-Id-11)

Jumpstart
Ready… Just let your mind flow
Set… Set your mind you can do it!
GO! No Pressure Smile

Activity 1: Hugot Lines

Direction: Identify which applicable clientele or audiences are suitable on each
line. Write your answer on the blank provided for.
A. Substance abusers (alcoholic, tobacco user, drug abusers)
B. Women’s Group
C. Adults
D. Person with Aids
E. Victims of Injustice
F. LGBTQ
_____ 1. “Papunta ka pa lng, pabalik na ako”
_____ 2. “ Tinimbang ka, ngunit kulang”
_____ 3. “Lak lak ka ng lak lak, mukha la ng parak”
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 _____ 4. “ Tao din ako, nasasaktan at nagmahal lng ng kapwa ko”
_____ 5. “ Oo may sakit ako, huwag nyo nmn akong pandirihan” _____ 6.
“ Kung anong kaya nyong mga lalaki, kaya din naming”
_____ 7. “ Kapag may katwiran, ipaglaban mo”
_____ 8. “ Kalabaw lng ang tumaranda”
_____ 9. “ Bakit kayo nyo bang magdala ng bata at umire ng husto” _____
10.
“ Bongga ka day!!!”
PROCESSING QUESTIONS:
1. What is Hugot Lines for you?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
2. Why is it important to identify the emotions of the people?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

Activity 2: What I Know … What I Want to Know… What I Learnt…

Directions: On the table, write your ideas with regards to the different clients in
counseling.
What I Know What I Want What I Learnt
to Know
1. Substance
abusers:
*alcoholic

* tobacco users

* drug abusers

2. Women’s Group

3. Adults(senior
citizens)-

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 4. Person with
AIDS

5. Victims of
Injustice( rape
victims, persons in
jail who are
innocent)-

6. LGBTQ

Discover
Counseling and Its Clientele and Audience

The clientele and audiences of the counseling profession come from different
settings. Counselors deal with a mixture of people with different concerns and issues.
A. Substance Abusers

- People who abuse drugs – drug abuse is not just harmful to our physical health
but to our mental health as well. It cannot be denied that the drug addiction creates
more social problems and contribute to social disintegration. Consequently, more
youth victims cry for help and seek for counselors’ attention.

- People who use Tobacco – slowly our population recognize the bad effects of
tobacco to our health. However, many people still use and continue use tobacco
even if it is deadly. Users find it difficult to stop smoking. Hence, smokers who desire
to quit tobacco were added to the list of the counselor’s audiences.

- People who abuse alcohol –alcoholism is seen as a disease alcoholics find it

difficult to stop drinking on their own. This requires help from a professionals it
requires appropriate treatment. However, an equally important paradigm is to look at
alcoholism as a weakness of self – control and self –discipline .therefore this requires
intervention other than treatment.

B. Women
– most men still have less participation in household responsibilities and child care.
In this case, women’s advancement is constrained. What complicates this situation
is the women’s perception about themselves and the society’s expectations.
Counselors are responsible in helping women appreciate their own values, abilities,

4
 aptitudes, and interests and to utilize these to develop their full potential. (Gibson
and Mitchel, 2003)

C. Older Adults
– a transition from a busy life to retirement stage must be instituted. This is
challenge to the counseling profession. Other issues that require attention of
counseling include loss of a partner, decline of mental capacity and mobility,
increased loneliness, decline in financial security etc.

D. Person with HIV/ AIDS

–Human immune deficiency Virus/ Acquired Immuno Deficiency
Syndrome (AIDS) has been labeled as the most feared disease due to its
incurability. Victims of this disease are seeking help to improve their quality of life
and to handle their emotional stress and low self-esteem. Counseling’s approach
requires sensitivity and appreciation of the intricacies of the disease. Counselors
may also help in assisting and educating the victims’ support system.

E. Victims of Injustice
– this population represents victims of domestic violence characterized by spouse
and child abuses. Spouse abuse is often associated with poverty, drug abuse and
career disappointments. The abuse has also become rampant and has caused
psychological damage to the victims. The counselors are increasingly utilized to
help the victims.

F. Gay Men and Lesbian Women ( LGBTQ)

- they are usually the victims of harassment, violence, discrimination, and isolation.
Gays and lesbians, like other sectors of the society, suffer from peer denial, family
clash, health uncertainties and prejudgment. Counseling will focus on self-
awareness, self- acceptance and understanding.

EXPLORE

Activity : Analyzing the Context of counselling Clients

Directions: Answer the following questions. Answer it concisely and briefly.

1. Why is it important to help individuals or group of individuals?

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
2. Why is it important to identify their needs and discover their potentials?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
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 _____________________________________________________________________

Activity 4: Valuing
Directions: Observe at the clipart below and answer the guide questions that follow.
Write your answers on separate sheets.
A. B.

C. D.

E.

F.

Guide Questions:

1. What is the message of the different pictures?

2. How do we relate our topic to these pictures?

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3. As a counselor how is it important to respect others?

ASSESSMENT:
Multiple Choices: Identify the different types of clients by choosing your answers on
the box. Write the letter of the correct answer on the blank provided for.

A. Substance Abuser B. Women C. Older Adult

D. Prohibited Drug User E. Alcoholic F. Tobacco User
G. Victims of Injustices H. Person with AIDS I. LGBT

_____ 1. They are known to be user of smoke since early age because of peer
pressure.
_____ 2. They suffer from peer denial, family clash, health uncertainties and
prejudgment.
_____ 3. They depend and use addictive substance, especially alcohol or drugs and
tobaccos.
_____ 4. They are victims of abusive partner may use oppression systems.
_____ 5. It is a transition from a busy life to retirement stage must be instituted
_____ 6. It is an addiction to the consumption of alcoholic liquor or the mental illness
and compulsive behaviour resulting from alcohol dependency.
_____ 7. They are victims of domestic violence characterized by spouse and child
abuses.
_____ 8. They have been labelled to have the most feared disease due to its
incurability.
_____ 9. They cannot control how they use a substance or partake in an activity, and
they become dependent on it to cope with daily life.
_____ 10. This applies to any act that involves unfairness to another or violation of
one's rights

Quarter 3 – Module 4
Disciplines of Social Work
Target
The National Association of Social Workers (NASW) in the US defined social
work as the professional activity of helping individuals, groups or communities enhance
or restore their capacity for social functioning and creating societal conditions favorable
to the goal. Moreover, Morales and Sheafor (1983) identified and described the fields
included in the area of social work, which are as follows: social work as a primary
discipline, social work as an equal partner, and social work as a secondary discipline.

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 Since the principal mission of social work profession is to develop human beings
and assist other institutions in attaining basic human needs or the people and in
empowering the lost, the least, and the last, Morales and Sheafor (1983) also classified
and specified three (3) distinguishing goals of social work namely: caring, curing, and
changing.

In your previous lesson, you learned and identified the meanings, goals and
scope of social work as mentioned above.

In today’s module, we will be continuing the journey in understanding the

principles and core values of social work. The scope of social work discussed from your
previous lessons indicates the wide array of services that the profession provides,
therefore, to preserve the integrity and find meaning in this profession, it is also
important to uphold its principles and values.

After going through this module, you are expected to explain the principles and
core values of social work (HUMSS_DIASS 12-Ie-18).

Activity 1: Blocks That Block

Each block represents a saying or well-known phrase. Identify the phrase or
idiom graphically presented in each square. Use a separate sheet of paper for your
answers.
YOU / JUST / ME STAND
I
S 2UM
B +
M 2UM
U
H
T
K
C
E
H
C
Answers:
1. _____________________________________
2. _____________________________________
3. _____________________________________
4. _____________________________________
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 5. _____________________________________
6. _____________________________________

Processing Questions:
1. What is your over-all impression about the phrases above?
2. How they do reflect realities in life?
3. Select 2 words/phrases and relate it to social work.
a.
b.
Activity 2: Anticipation-Reaction Guide (Pre-Test)

Read each statement below. Respond in the left column whether you agree (A)
or disagree (D) with each statement. Think about why you agree or disagree. Copy the
table and write your answers in a separate sheet of paper.
1. Before reading the lesson on Principles and Core Values in Social Work–
read the statements in the table and check the column that corresponds to your
response.
2. After reading the lesson on Principles and Core Values in Social Work –
review your answers and write in the last column whether you were right or
wrong.

After
Before Reading Reading Agree/
Agree/Disagree Statement/Question Disagree
1. Acceptance as one of the principles of
social work states that a social worker
manifests warmth, interest, and concern
about the client and her/his situation.
2. The client should participate in planning
ways in resolving such problem, identify
resources to solve this, and eventually act
on this through the help of different
available resources.
3. The social worker is the key person to
determine the needs of its client.
4. Individualization states that there are
instances that clients are exactly alike in
terms of strength, their experiences, their
problems, etc.

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 5. The social worker should continuously
examine his/her feelings, judgments,
biases and responses whether they are
professionally motivated.

Activity 3: Defining Personal Values And Responsibilities

Based from your prior knowledge in social work, complete the table below by
filling out necessary answers paralleled to the enumerated roles in the first column.
Answers should be in a complete sentence. Copy the table and write your answers in a
separate sheet of paper.

The Values I What Are

My
Need Expected Of Me
Responsibilities
My Roles To Fulfill My Based On My
Based On My
Role Role
Role
Effectively
1. A citizen of
the world and of
the Philippines
2. A resident of
my city or town
3. A member of
my family
4. A student at
ONHS
5. A friend to
someone

Figure 1: Principles of Social Work by Friedlander (1985) and Biestek (1957) as

Cited by Mendoza (2002)

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 Social work is based on respect for the inherent worth and dignity of all people
and it is cultivated by altruistic and democratic principles. Friedlander (1985) and
Biestek (1957) as cited by Mendoza (2002) indicated seven principles adhered by social
workers including the following:

1. Acceptance - This involves respecting the clients as they are under any
circumstances and understands the meaning and causes of the client’s behavior.
This also means recognizing people’s strength and potentials, weakness and
limitation.
2. Client's participation in problem-solving - Client is expected to participate in
the process.
3. Self-determination - Individual, groups and communities who are in need have
the right to determine their needs and how they should be met.
4. Individualization - Understanding client’s unique characteristics and different
methods each client.
4. Confidentiality - Client should be accorded with appropriate projection, within
the limits of the law, with no any harm that might result from the information given to
the social worker.
5. Worker self-awareness - Social worker consciously examines her feelings,
judgments, biases, responses whether it is professionally motivated.
6. Client Worker Relationship - The client is in need of help in social functioning
and the worker is in the position to help.

Figure 2: Core Values of Social Work developed by Council on Social Work Education
as Cited by Mendoza (2002)

Core values, as a vital organizational component, play a significant role in the

organization. They serve as guiding principles that shape the behavior and action of its
members in interacting with their clients and other people. Social work has its own core
values----values that are shared by the social work profession. These are the following:
1. Right to self-fulfillment - Each person has the right to self-fulfillment which is
derived from his/her inherent capacity and thrust toward the goal.

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 2. Res
pon
Concept of
Human sibi
Potentials lity
and to
Capabilities

Concept of Concepts Concept of

Social Implied in Equal
Responsibi Values of Opportuni
lity Social ties
Work

Concept
of Social
Provision

common good - Each person has the responsibility as a member of the society
to seek ways of fulfillment that contribute to common good.
3. Responsibility of the society - The society has the responsibility to facilitate
self-fulfillment of the individual and the right to enrichment through the
contribution of its individual members.
4. Right to satisfy basic needs - Each person requires for the harmonious
development of his powers socially provided and socially safeguarded
opportunities for satisfying his/her basic needs in the physical, psychological,
economic, cultural, aesthetic, and spiritual realms.
5. Social organizations required to facilitate individual’s effort at
selfrealization- The notion that individual and society are interdependent
provides a perspectives that the society has the responsibility to provide
appropriate social resources, it is the right of the individual to promote change in
social resources that do not serve his/her need-meeting efforts.
6. Self-realization and contribution to society- To permit both selfrealization
and contribution to society by the individual, social organization must make
available socially-provided devices for need-satisfaction as wide in range, variety,
and quality as the general welfare allows.
Figure 3: Concepts Implied in Values of Social Work developed by Council on Social
Work Education as Cited by Mendoza (2002)
These values, according to the Curriculum Study sponsored by the Council on
Social Work Education as cited by Mendoza (2002) comprise a minimum commitment
from the social worker and the following concepts are implied in these values:

12
 1. Concept of human potentials and capacities- This is premised on the
belief that a person is inherently endowed with potentials and capacities.
2. Concept of social responsibility- This is based on the notion that an
individual has the obligation to contribute to the common good and society.
3. Concept of equal opportunities- This is premised on the ideal of social
justice, two elements of which are fairness and equality.
4. Concept of social provision- This is based on the premise that there will be
always be everywhere with unmet needs or problems beyond their own capacity
to solve.

The National Association of Social Workers (NASW) stated that the mission of
the social work profession is rooted in a set of core values. These values include:
service, social justice, dignity and worth of the person, importance of human
relationships, integrity and competence (Morales and Sheafor, 1983). These core
values are reflected in the IFSW Code of Ethics’ Preamble:

“Social work originates from humanitarian ideals and democratic philosophy

and has universal application to meet human needs arising from personal-
societal interactions and to develop human potential. Professional social
workers are dedicated to service for the welfare and self-realization of
human beings; to the development of resources to meet individual, group,
national, and international needs and aspirations; and to the achievement of
social justice (ISFW as cited by Morales and Sheafor, 1983).”
As in any profession, a set of principles is necessary to guide its members in their
practice and to serve as the bases of work standards. Principles are basic norms, rules,
and values that embody the things that are necessary for people and organizations.

EXPLORE
I. Essay: Discuss your answers on the following statements. Make sure that you will
utilize at least three sentences for each item.
1. Explain the term value and discuss the need for a social worker to have a good
knowledge about social values prevailing in society.

2. Explain the principle of individualization and cite at least two examples.

3. Discuss the principle of non-judgmental attitude.

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II. Picture Analysis: Analyze the following images and answer the enumerated
guide questions below.

Picture A Picture B

Guide Questions:
1. Why do you think these images were made?

2. What can you learn from examining these images?

3. What concept implied in the values of social work that reflected in:
a. Picture A:

b. Picture B:

ASSESSMENT

Directions. Carefully read and understand the following questions and statements. Write
the letter of your choice on the blank provided for.
_____1. Which of the following core values of social work that states individual and
society are interdependent provides a perspective that the society has the responsibility
to provide appropriate social resources, it is the right of the individual to promote change
in social resources that do not serve his/her need meeting efforts?
A. Responsibility of the society
B. Responsibility to common good
C. Self-realization and contribution to society
D. Social organizations required to facilitate individual’s effort at selfrealization

_____2. Which of the following principles that involves a full respect to the client’s
overall situation and this includes his/her philosophy, personality and behavior?
A. Acceptance C. Confidentiality
B. Client's participation in problem-solving D. Individualization

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_____3. Dr. Wanwan, though a professional social worker and has the qualifications to
become one, she still believes that she can’t help her client when they opted not to say
or do anything in the process of social work. What principle of social work that reflected
in the said situation?
A. Client Worker Relationship C. Confidentiality
B. Client's participation in problem-solving D. Worker self-awareness
_____4. It is a principle in the field of social work wherein they recognize and
understand that each one of their clients has unique qualities that everyone must be
treated not just a human being but a human being with personal differences.
A. Acceptance C. Individualization
B. Controlled emotional involvement D. Non-judgmental attitude
_____5. Based from what you have understood on this module, which following
definitions that parallels to the concept “values”?
A. This is a favourable or unfavourable predisposition (propensity) to behaviour.
B. These refer to foundations, convictions, points of reference and bases for
discussion.
C. These are the values in action that influence preferences for behaviour in
relationships.
D. These are ideals that one believes in and strives towards. It therefore involves
preferences for certain actions.
_____6. Ana is the sole survivor in her family when the Typhoon Yolanda devastated
Leyte. She can still remember how those people take good care of her with utmost care
on the evacuation center, doing everything that they can be of help with smile on their
faces. She was inspired of what they are doing and at present, she is planning to
pursue the same career path. Which of the following discipline being described?
A. Communication C. Public Service
B. Counseling D. Social Work
_____7. Based from the modules that you have taken, which of the following is not a
definition of the social work discipline?
A. It empowers people to change the way of their lives.
B. It aims to assist people in overcoming serious difficulties.
C. It encompasses activities directed towards improving human and social
condition.
D. It seeks to improve society’s overall well-being especially those on the middle
class.
_____8. Aldous is a social worker. As one he is expected to imbibe the following values,
except:
A. He must respect and appreciate individual and group differences.
B. He must not respect confidentiality of relationship with clients.
C. He must be willing to transmit knowledge and skills to others.
D. He must be committed to develop client’s ability to help themselves.
_____9. Confidentiality is best described as
A. Withholding information from management

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 B. Agreeing to keep a coworker's lunch conversations private
C. Having an intimate understanding of an organization's financial status
D. Creating a code of behavior that allows certain restrictions around sharing
an organization's data
_____10. Ensuring confidentiality is a legal, professional and moral responsibility of all
people associated with social service delivery. Which of the following statements
conveys the professional obligation?
A. When the social worker refrains from sharing confidential information with
others, except with the express consent of the other party.
B. When it extends the right of privacy to a participant’s family and friends;
moreover, it also involves sharing only authorized information with the
participant network.
C. When a person’s personal information is private and any information that
connects a participant’s identity to a medical condition diagnosis and/or
disability is marked as confidential.
D. A OR B

Quarter 3 – Module 5
Professionals and Practitioners in
Social Work
Target

Social science as a discipline came about as a result of the need to understand

the society that is evolving to be ever more complex and multifaceted.

Social science is different from natural science and humanities because its
primary interest lies in predicting and explaining human behaviour. Natural science, on
the other hand, aims to predict all natural phenomena and its studies are based on
experimentally controlled conditions or material entities. Humanism seeks to
understand human reactions to events and the meaning humans impose on
experience.
The social work professionals and practitioners are aware that their profession is
based on the principles of human rights and social justice that serve to empower
individuals, groups, and communities to develop their full potential and well-being. The
focus of intervention in social work is the relationship between the individual and their
immediate and wider social environment. Particular emphasis is placed on meeting the
needs of vulnerable and marginalized individuals and groups (Social Workers
Registration Board 2004).
In your previous lesson, you are done with the principles and core values of
social workers.

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 This learning material will provide information about the various roles and
functions as well as the competencies of social workers.

After going through this lesson, you are expected to:

define the roles, functions and competencies of social work

(HUMSS_DIASS12-If-19).

Activity : Self-Check: Check Yes if it applies for you and No if it doesn’t.

Situation Yes No
Was there a time in your life when you felt sad, alone and depressed?
Have you shared your problems with other people?
Have you asked help from other people?
Were you relieved after asking help from other people?
Have you ever been called for counselling?
Have you ever felt stressed?
Have you been depressed?
Was there a time when you asked for an advice from your teacher?

Discover

What You Need to Know

Social work, like other applied sciences, may help individuals cope with anxiety,
stress, or depression, but it goes further to help the client to gain access to other
community resources and support or empowering services that may be state run or
privately operated.

Roles of Social Workers

Generally, the roles of social workers are interwoven with functions, but DuBois
and Miley (2008) have provided elements that can be distinctively viewed as roles
rather than functions.

Roles For whom For what

Enabler Individuals and families Helping people find solutions
Broker or
Community Case management
Advocates
Teachers Community In terms of information processing
For formal groups and
Facilitator In aid of organizational development
organizations
Convener or
For organization In aid of creating networks
Mediator

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 Trainer Community For professional development
Planner Community and Society Facilitating research and planning
Society In aid of social action
Activist They conduct outreach in aid of
Community
community education
Colleague and Within the social work In aid of professional enculturation
a Monitor profession and socialization
Catalysts Community For community service
Research In aid of knowledge development
scholars and capacity building

Functions of Social Workers

The functions of social workers are professional activities mainly performed by
social workers.
Consultancy

• This refers to the professional activities through which social workers and
their clients plan, initiate, and pursue actions toward desired change?
Resource Management

• This refers to the act of coordinating, systematizing, and integrating resources

and services needed to support social functioning, meeting needs and
resolving problems?
Education

• This refers to the provision of knowledge and critical information necessary for
empowerment practice that facilitates informed decision-making, increased
abilities, and gain access to opportunities and resources for a client.
Competencies of Social Work

These are the personal qualities and necessary skills needed by the profession to
perform their various roles and skills.
 Think critically and  Build and sustain relationships
 Communicate effectively  Execute empowering process
 Has strong cultural intercultural  Use of practical methods
 Can perform crisis intervention
competence
 Sound time management
 Computer literacy
 Can do social planning

In addition to these, social workers should have the following capacities generic
to all helping professions.
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 • Empathic
• Compassionate
• Compassion is necessary in working with people who are socially
marginalized or suffer deprivation.
• They require deeply empathic and non-judgmental social worker who intends
to empower them.
• Listening skills will also occupy a very special role in the social work toolkit.
Assessment
I. Match the words found in Column A to its meaning in Column B. Write the letter of the
correct answer in the space provided.
Column A Column B
____1. Consultancy a. It refers to the provision of knowledge and critical information
necessary for empowerment practice that facilitates informed
decision-making, increased abilities, and gain access to
opportunities and resources for a client.
_____2. Education b. It refers to the act of coordinating, systematizing, and integrating
resources and services needed to support social functioning,
meeting needs and resolving problems.
_____ 3. Enabler c. It refers to the professional activities through which social
workers and their clients plan, initiate, and pursue actions
toward desired change.
_____ 4. Resource d. It may help individuals cope with anxiety, stress, or depression.
management
_____ 5. Social e. A role which helps individuals and families find solutions to their
work problems.
II. Guess the Word - Directions: Connect the letters by shading the boxes to reveal
some of the generic capacities of social workers then write the word in the space provided.
The first one is done for you.

C O R S N C O R S N C O R S N L I T Y N

E H V K R E M V K O E A T H I A I T N E

G U A O I G P A S I G P A S C G P A S D
O T M L P O T S L P E M S L P C O N F I
HUMOR

5 letters 10 letters 8 letters 15 letters

III. Write the letter of the correct answer from the given generic capacities of social
workers before the number.

1. What generic capacity is necessary in working with people who are socially
marginalized or is suffering from deprivation?
A.compassion B. confidentiality C. emphatic
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2. What is referred to as an instance of being or attempting to be comical or
amusing?
A. confidentiality B. emphatic C. humor
3. Which of the following is defined as strict privacy or secrecy? A. confidentiality
B. emphatic C. humor
4. What is referred to as the psychological identification with the feelings or attitudes
of others?
A. confidentiality B. emphatic C. humor
5. What is defined as a feeling of deep sympathy or sorrow for another who is
stricken by misfortune?
A. compassion B. confidentiality C. emphatic

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