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CE 423 Mechanical Behaviour of Construction Materials

Time dependent behavior

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95 views

CE 423 Mechanical Behaviour of Construction Materials

Time dependent behavior

Uploaded by

Hüseyin x
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CE 423

MECHANICAL BEHAVIOUR OF
CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS

Introduction
What do Engineers do?
Design and Build ....
As Civil Engineers we design and build civil
structures (residental buildings, hospitals, dams,
roads, towers, bridges ...)
What do Materials Engineers do?
Materials Science and Engineering forms the
bedrock for the engineering disciplines because
the structures, components, and devices that
engineers design and use must be made out of
something, and that is a material.
 Materials engineers are responsible for the
selection, specification and quality control of
materials to be used in a job.
 The properties of the materials that are available
define and limit the capabilities that the device or
structure can have, and the techniques that can be
used to fabricate it.
 Reinforced Concrete Bridges... ~5-10 m in span
 Prestressed Concrete Bridges... ~ 30-40 m in span

 Steel Bridges... ~ 60-70 m in span


 Selecting the best material is usually a difficult task,
requiring tradeoffs between different material
properties. Materials must meet certain classes of
criteria or materials properties:
 Economic (cost) factors
 Mechanical properties

 Non-mechanical properties

 Production/construction considerations

 Aesthetic properties
 Cost of a residential building:
 65-75% materials cost
 5% technical personel

 Rest is the labor cost


Therefore, an appreciation of the
 important materials characteristics,

 the connection between the behavior of the


material in its intended design setting,
 and the stuff the object is made from (and how it
is made)
is important to every engineer, even if they will never
create a new material but simply choose from
standard and widely available ones.
 As civil engineers our job is to:
 To make sure that the structure is functional during its
service life (it should be strong)
 To make sure that the structure should withstand the
environment (it should be durable)
 To make sure that the structure is aesthetic and
economic (it should be feasible)
 We need to know the properties of constructional
materials.
 Physical, chemical and mechanical properties
 Manufacturing processes

 Its behavior in its final form


 The service life of a civil engineering structure
does not ONLY depend on
 How good its design is
 How good its labor is

 You have to consider other factors such as:


 How good the material that you pick is
 How good the quality control is

 How you maintain the structure!

 Think about the maintenance requirements of


 your car !
 your house !
 To conclude:

Why do we need to know materials?


 Every engineer, whether mechanical, civil,
chemical or electrical, will at some point deal
with a design problem involving materials.
Examples might include a transmission gear, the
superstructure of a building, an oil refinery
component, or an integrated circuit chip.
Materials Science
 Materials Science: The study of the nature,
behavior and use of materials.
The purpose of this course is to:
 Learn the mechanical properties of materials
(strength, ductility, impact resistance, ...)
 Learn how the internal structure geometrical shape
of a material affects its properties
 Metals: Metallic bonding  ductility
 Ceramics: Ionic and covalent bonds  brittleness

 Plastics: Covalent and Van der Waals bondsmoisture


resistance
Properties of Materials
 Mechanical : Define the behavior of the materials under
loads. (Strength, elasticity, plasticity, ductility, hardness,
etc.)
 Physical : Density, porosity, moisture content, shape,
surface texture, etc.
 Chemical : Oxide or compound composition
 Physico-chemical : Shrinkage, swelling
 Thermal : Conductivity
 Acoustical : Sound transmission or absorption
 Optical : Color
Classification of
Civil Engineering Materials
This classification can be done in so many
different ways:
 According to their state

 According to their chemical composition and


internal structure
 According to their intended use

 According to their mechanical behavior


1. According to Their State
 Gases (CO2, O2)
 Liquids (Water, Chemical Admixtures)
 Solids (Concrete, Steel)
 Semi-solids (Fresh Pastes, Mortar, Concrete)
2. According to Their Chemical
Composition and Internal Structure
 Metals → Metallic bond
 Ferrous (Iron, steel)
 Non-ferrous (Aluminum)
 Polymers → Long chain molecules
 Natural (rubber, resin, wood)
 Artificial (plastics)
 Ceramics → Alumino silicates
 Structural clay products
 Porcelains
 Composite Materials → combination of several materials
 Concrete
 Cement sandstone
 Reinforced Composite Materials
 Reinforced concrete
 Fiber reinforced plastics
3. According to Their Intended Use
 Structural Materials (concrete, steel, wood)
 Architectural Detailing Materials (glass, paint,
heat and sound insulators)
 Preservatives (paint)

 But some materials fall into all of the above


groups for example wood.
• Load carrying member
• Architectural
• Coating of chipboard
4. According to Their Mechanical
Behavior
 Elastic Materials
They deform under some load and when the
load is removed they return back to their
original position
Load

Deformation
 Plastic Materials
They deform under some load, but when
the load is removed there will be some
permanent deformation
P

δ
δperm: Permanent Deformation
 Viscoelastic Materials
The load-deformation depends on the rate of
loading
Load

Deformation

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