LEARNING

MODULE
21st Century Literature
from the Philippines G11/12 Q1M2
and the World

Graphic, Linguistic, And Ethnic

Dimensions of Philippine Literary
History

AYALA, CMA, LPT, 21ST CENTURY LITERATURE FROM THE PHILIPPINES AND THE WORLD 1
For the Parents and Learner;

Welcome to the Learning Module (LM) Module on, 21 st Century

Literature from the Philippines and the World.

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is often used to depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands
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opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace
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The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises if the space
provided is not enough.
2. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
3. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
4. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
5. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.

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 If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful

learning and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You
can do it!

LEON GU LEON GUINTO MEMORIAL COLLEGE, Inc

443 Mabini Street Atimonan, Quezon
(Recognized by the Government)
Q1M2
No. 010 s. 1986

…teaching minds …changing lives …moving forward

Name: _____________________________________________________ Subject: 21st Literature

Grade and Section: ___________________________________________ Date Deploy:

Date Returned:

Philippine Literature in Spanish Period

I. LEARNING COMPETENCIES
Most Essential Learning Competencies
Writing a close analysis and critical interpretation of literary texts and doing an adaptation of these
require from the learner the ability to identify:

1. the geographic, linguistic, and ethnic dimensions of

: Philippine literary history from pre-colonial to the
contemporary

2. representative texts and authors from each region (e.g. engage in oral history research with focus on
key personalities from the students’ region/province/ town)

 Overview (Optional)

Hello Learners! Let us now have our Module 2 for this subject. You are going to read and learn 21 st
Century literature from the region where our school is based in relation to the literature of other regions in
various genres and forms in consideration of the various dimensions of Philippine literary history from
pre-colonial to contemporary.

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 Spanish culture has deeply infiltered our culture after three centuries of colonization. This profound
culture impact is reflected in the transformation of our literature during the Spanish period. With the
advent of written literature and the rise of the Christian faith during this period, Philippine literature has
entered a new phase.

In this module, the students understand and appreciate the elements and contexts of 21st century
Philippine literature from the regions through: a written close analysis and critical interpretation of a
literary text in terms of form and theme, with a description of its context derived from research; and an
adaptation of a text into other creative forms using multimedia.

DISCUSSION
EXPLORE

What I Know
Multiple Choice. Choose the best answer. Write the letter of your
answer on the blank before the number.

_________1. Work of poetry written in octosyllabic verse.

a. Duplo b. Corrido c. Balagtasan d. Awit

_________2. A poetic competition in speaking and reasoning.

a. Duplo b. Corrido c. Balagtasan d. Awit

_________3. A poetic competition which debates a particular topic or issue.

a. Duplo b. Corrido c. Balagtasan d. Awit

_________4. The most popular composition of Dr. Jose P. Rizal.

a. Doctrina Cristiana c. Noli Me Tangere

b. Florante at Laura d. La Solidaridad

_________5. The most popular verses written by Francisco Balagtas.

a. Doctrina Cristiana c. Noli Me Tangere

b. Florante at Laura d. La Solidaridad

What’s In
Activity 2.

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Arrange the jumbled letters below to form the different genres and other forms of literature during the
pre-colonial period.

Jumbled Words Correct Words

1. SYMHT _________________________

2. AELFB _________________________

3. EELDGN _________________________

4. LLLAIEUB _________________________

5. VRPBSOE _________________________

FIRM UP
What’s New
Hello Learners! Let us now journey Lesson 2 for this Module.

Activity 3.
Arrange the jumbled letters below to identify some of the Philippine
literatures which were influenced by the Spanish.

1. O R C R R D O _______________________

2. A O Y R R S _______________________

3. S N K L I A U O _______________________

4. S S W L R A A E _______________________

5. PULDO _______________________

What Is It
There were many changes occurred during the Spanish period. The
Spanish have a strong influence on our literature. They introduced the
Roman alphabet. The teaching of the Christian Doctrine became the
basis of religious practices. Many Filipinos embraced the Catholic
religion. Our periodicals gained religious tone. The Spanish language
became the literary language. But they collected and translated our ancient literature to Tagalog. Many
grammar books they have were printed in Filipino.

The Christian Doctrine (Doctrina Cristiana) was the first book printed in the Philippines in 1593. It
was written by Fr. Juan de Placencia and Fr.Domingo Nieva in Tagalog and Spanish. It contained the Our

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Father (Pater Noster), Hail Mary (Ave Maria), Hail Holy Queen (Regina Coeli), The Ten Commandments
of God, the Commandments of the Catholic Church, the Seven Mortal Sins, How to Confess, and the
Catechism.

The Passion is another book printed which is about the life and sufferings of Jesus Christ that is still
read during Lenten season nowadays by devout Catholics. This book is an example of a narrative poetry.

Religious lyric poems included complimentary verses and meditative verses. Complimentary
verses were intended to attract readers to read a certain book by giving praises. It served a double
purpose: to draw readers and to teach the Spanish language to the Filipinos. Meditative verses were found
in novenas and catechisms. Examples of meditative verses were Francisco de Salazar’s “Dalit sa
Caloualhatian sa Langit na Cararatnan nang mga Banal” and Pedro Suarez Ossorio’s “Salamat nang
Ualang Hoyang.” Verses in novenas and catechisms tended to be written in the poetic form dalit, an early
form that resembles free verse, in that there is no fixed rhyme or meter, save for some octosyllabic four-
line stanzas.

The Spaniards brought a variety of dramatic forms to enrich Philippine theater. These forms
included sarswela, the sinakulo and the komedya. It is evident that even in the genre drama, religious
themes continued to be dominant. The sinakulo, for one, dramatized the pasyon, in that it was a live
action simulation of Christ’s passion and death. Even battles between Christian and Muslims-itself a
longstanding issue-was dramatized in the moro-moro or comedia de capa y espada (Simoun Victor D.
Redoblado, Brilliant Creations Publishing, Inc., 2017:12-14).

Other contributions of the Spanish were: Duplo, it is a poetic joust in speaking and reasoning.
Balagtasan is another poetic joust of skills in debate on a particular topic or issue. This replaced duplo and
is held in honor of Francisco “Balagtas” Baltazar. Folksongs became widespread in the Philippines. Each
region had its song. It manifests the artistic feelings of the Filipinos. Examples which are sting sang today
are: Leron-Leron Sinta from the Tagalog, and Dandansoy, a Bisaya song. There was also a Corrido. It is
in octosylllabic verse. Example to this is Ibong Adarana. Awit is another work which is dodecasyllabic.
Florante at Laura of Francisco Balagtas is an example.

It was in this period that our national hero, Dr. Jose Rizal made many compositions which are still
known today. Like the Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo. His two masterpieces that portrayed the
colorful characteristics of Philippine society. Before he died, he wrote the Mi Ultimo Adios.

Source: Alicia H. Kahayon and Celia A. Zulueta, Philippine Literature: Through the Years, Cacho
Hermanos, Inc., 2010:31-43)

The Spanish Colonial Period (1565-1897)

Sixteenth Century was the start of the deprivation of the indigenous Philippine literature. Spanish
colonial government finally got in the scene. They were able to manipulate literature by monopolizing it

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under the religious orders. Literature evolves mainly on the themes of Spanish/ European culture and of
course, the Roman Catholic religion.

Literary Influences during Spanish colonization

a. Christian Doctrine or Doctrina Christiana was the first book ever printed in the Philippines in 1593
by the Dominican press.
b. Libro de la Lengua Tagala by Fernando Bagongbanta .Tagalog translations to the Spanish lines,
still the superiority of the Spanish language.
c. Pasyon influenced by the Spanish contexts of Christianity, at least they embodied several Filipino
sentiments and values (the feeling of Filipino mother towards a suffering son).

Filipino writers in Spanish became conscious for the search for freedom

a. Pasyon Dapat Ipag-alab ng Puso by Marcelo H. del Pilar expressed his rebellious writing style was
identified.
b. Pascual Poblete’s Patnubay sa Binyagan associated Filipinos’ struggle for independence with Jesus’
life.
c. Jose Rizal’s Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo made very powerful contributions among the
Filipinos the introduction of rejecting Spanish rule. He also influenced the succeeding writers.
d. The narrative poems Awit and Corrido talked about world of royals, warriors and lovers (the basic
concept in Florante at Laura).
e. Komedya. Francisco Baltazar’s Florante at Laura embodied the concept of colonization and
oppression which gave voice to their revolutionary action towards freedom.

ACTIVITY
DEEPEN

What’s More

Being colonized by the Spanish government for more than three

centuries, Jose Rizal expressed his feelings towards them
published in La Solidaridad in 1890. Examine carefully how he
voiced out his mind fearlessly against a notion held by the
Spaniards in his write up “The Indolence of the Filipinos”.

THE INDOLENCE OF THE FILIPINOS

(An Excerpt)
Jose P. Rizal

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 The word indolence has been greatly misused in the sense of little love for work and lack of
energy, while ridicule has concealed the misuse. This much-discussed question has met with the
same fate as certain panaceas and specifies of the quacks, who by ascribing to them impossible
virtues, have discredited them. In the Middle Ages, and even in some Catholic countries now, the
devil is blamed for everything that superstitious folk cannot understand or the diversity of mankind
is loath to confess. In the Philippines one’s own and other faults, the shortcomings of one, the
misdeeds of another, are attributed to indolence. And just as the Middle Ages, he who sought the
explanation of phenomena outside of infernal influences was persecuted, so in the Philippines
worse happens to him who seeks the origin of the trouble outside of accepted beliefs.

The consequence of this misuse is that there are some who are interested in stating it as a dogma
and others in combating it as a ridiculous superstition, if not a punishable delusion. Yet it is not to
be inferred from the misuse of a thing that it does not exist.

Some act in bad faith, through levity, through want of sound judgment, through limitation in
reasoning power, ignorance of the past or other cause. Some repeat what they have heard, without
examination of reflection; other speak through pessimism or are impelled by that human
characteristics which paint as perfect everything that belongs to oneself and defective whatever
belongs to another. But it cannot be denied that there are some who worship truth, or it not truth
itself at least the semblance thereof which is truth in the mind of the crowd.

The Filipinos, who can measure up with the most active peoples in the world, will doubtless not
repudiate his admission for it is true there one works and struggles against the climate, against
nature and against men. But we must not take the exception for the greater rule, and should rather
seek the good of our country by stating what we believe to be true. We must not confess that
indolence does actually and positively exist there, only that, instead of holding it to be the cause of
the backwardness and the trouble we regard it as the effect of the trouble and the backwardness, by
fostering the development of lamentable predisposition.

We know of no one who has studied its causes. Nevertheless, those who admit its existence and
exaggerate it more or less have not therefore failed to advise remedies taken from here and there,
from Java, from India, from other English or Dutch colonies, like a quack who saw a fever cured
with a dozen sardines and afterwards always prescribed these fishes at every rise in temperature that
he discovered in his patient.

A hot requires of the individual quiet and rest, just as cold incites to and action. For this reason,
the Spaniard is more indolent than the Frenchman; Frenchman more so than the German. The
Europeans themselves who the residents of the colonies so much (and I am not speaking of the
Spaniards countries? Surrounded by a numerous train of servants, never - going a foot riding in a
carriage, needing servants not only to take off their shoes for them get rich with the hope of the
future, free and respected, while the poor colonist the indolent colonist, is badly nourished, has no
hope, toils for others, and works not under made force and stand compulsion! Perhaps the reply to
this will a that white men are not made to stand the severity of the climate if he will himself to its

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 requirements and conditions. What kills the European in hot countries is the abuse of liquors, the
attempt to live according to the nature of his own country under another sky and another sun. We
inhabitants of hot countries live well in northern Europe whenever we take the precautions of the
people there too. Europeans can also stand the torrid zone only if they would get rid of their
prejudices. The fact is that in tropical countries violent work is not a good thing as it is in cold
countries; there it is death, destruction, annihilation. Nature knows this and fake a just mother has
therefore made the earth more fertile, more productive as compensation. An hour's work under that
burning sun, in the midst of pernicious influences springing from nature in activity, is equal to a
day's work in temperate climate; it is, then just that the earth yields a hundred-fold! Moreover, do
we not see the active European, who feels the fresh blood of spring boil in his veins, do we not see
him abandon his labors, during the few days Of his variable summer, close his office — where the
work is not violent and amounts for many talking and gesticulating in the shade beside a lunch
stand, -- flee to watering places, sit in the cafes or stroll about. What wonder then that the inhabitant
of tropical countries, worn out and with his blood thinned by the continuous and excessive heat is
reduced to inaction? Who is the indolent one in the Manila offices? Is it the poor clerk who comes
in at eight and in writes the morning and works leaves for at himself one in the afternoon with only
his parasol, who copies and for his chief, or is it the chief, who come in the carriage at ten o'clock,
leaves before twelve, reads his newspaper while smoking and with his feet cocked up on a chair or
on a table, or gossiping about all his friends? Who is indolent, the native coadjutor, poorly paid and
badly treated, who has to visit all the indigent sick living in the country, or the friar curate who gets
fabulously rich, goes about in a carriage, eats and drinks well, and does not put himself to any
trouble without collecting an excessive fee?

Without speaking further of the Europeans in what violent labor does than the Chinaman engages
in tropical countries, the industrial Chinaman, who flees from his own country driven by hunger
and whose whole ambition is to amass a small fortune? With the small exception of some porters,
an occupation that the natives also follow, he nearly always engages in the trade, in commerce; so
rarely does he take up agriculture that we do not know of a single case. The Chinaman who in other
colonies cultivates the soil does so only for a certain number of years and then retires.

We find, then, the tendency to indolence very natural, and have to admit and bless it, for we
cannot alter natural laws, and without it the race would have disappeared. Man is not a brute, he is
not a machine; his object is not merely to produce, in spite of the pretensions of some Christian
whites who would make of the colored Christian a kind of motive power somewhat more intelligent
and less costly than steam. Man's object is not to satisfy the passions of another man, his object is to
seek happiness for himself and his kind by travelling along the road of progress and perfection.

The evil is not that indolence exists more or less latently but that it is fostered and magnified.
Among men, as well as among nations, there exist not only aptitudes but also tendencies good and
evil. To foster the good ones and aid them, as. well as correct the evil and repress them, would be
the duty of the society and government, if less noble thoughts did not occupy their attention. The
evil is that the indolence in the Philippines is a magnified indolence, an indolence of the snowball
type, if we may be permitted the expression, an evil increase in direct proportion to the periods of
time, and effect of misgovernment and of backwardness, as we said, and not a cause thereof. Others

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 will hold the contrary opinion, especially those who have a hand in the misgovernment, but we do
not care: we have made an assertion and are going to prove it. Indolence in the Philippines is a
chronic malady, but not a hereditary one. The Filipinos have not always been what they are,
witnesses whereto are all historians of the first years after the discovery of the Islands.

Before the arrival of the Europeans, the Malayan Filipinos carried on an active trade, not only
among themselves but also with all the neighboring countries. A Chinese manuscript of the 13th
century, translated by Dr. Hirth (Globus, September 1889), which we will take up at another time,
speaks of China's relations with the islands. The first thing noticed by Pigafetta who came with
Magellan in 1521, on arriving at the first island of the Philippines, Samar, was the courtesy and
kindness of the inhabitants and their commerce. "To honor our captain," he says, "they conducted
him to their boats where they had their merchandise, which consisted of cloves, cinnamon, pepper,
nutmegs, mace, gold and other things; and they made us understand by gestures that such articles
were to be found in the islands to which we were going."

Further on he speaks of the vessels and utensils of solid gold that we found in Butuan where the
people work on mines. He describes the silk dresses, the daggers with long gold hilts and scabbards
of carved wood, the gold set of teeth, etc. Among cereals and fruits, he mentions rice, millet,
oranges, lemons etc.

All the histories of those years, in short, abound in long accounts about the industry and
agriculture of natives: mines, gold-washings, looms, farms, barter, naval construction, raising of
poultry and stock, weaving of silk and cotton, distilleries, manufacturers of arms, pearl fisheries, the
civet industry, the horn and hide industry, etc. are things encountered at every step, and considering
the time and the conditions in the island, prove that there was life, there was activity, there was
movement.

Accordingly, the Filipinos in spite of the climate, in spite of their few needs (they were less then
than now), were not the indolent creatures of our time, and as we shall see later on, their ethics and
their mode of life were not what is complacently attributed to them.

Translated by Charles Derbyshire

Process Questions

Activity 4
Instruction: Based on the given preceding excerpt, briefly answer the following questions:

1. Whose idea was Dr. Rizal responding to? What exactly was the notion held about Filipinos
during Rizal’s time?
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2. How did Rizal defend the identity of his countrymen? What arguments, conditions, and
examples did he cite to substantiate his case?
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3. Among Rizal’s arguments, which was the most helpful to his defense of Filipinos? Explain.
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4. In your own experience and perspective, how can you prove that the Filipinos are, in
actuality, hardworking? Cite concrete examples to make your case.
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What I Have Learned

Activity 5

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Fill in the blanks with the correct literary works during the Spanish period.

1._______________was a debate in poetic delivery during the Spanish time which is still done today.

2._______________is recited during Lenten season by Catholic devotees.

3._______________is written by Dr. Jose P. Rizal before he died.

4._______________the first book printed which consisted the rosary and commandments.

5._______________means lazy.

ASSESSMENT
TRANSFER

What I Can Do
Activity 6
Write a reflective essay to prove that Filipinos are one of the most
industrious people in the world. Provide specific examples or
instances.

Essay Rubrics:

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Assessment
Multiple Choice. Choose the best answer. Write the letter of your
answer on the blank before the number.

_____________1. It has a religious theme which dramatizes the passion of Christ.

a. Sarswela b. Sinakulo c. komedya d. moro-moro

_____________2. A book which is about the life and sufferings of Jesus Christ.
a. Christian Doctrine c. Complimentary Verse
b. The Passion d. Meditative Verse

_____________3. A religious lyric poem were novenas and catechisms are found
a. Christian Doctrine c. Complimentary Verse
b. The Passion d. Meditative Verse

____________4. What did Rizal believe can cure the cause of indolence among Filipinos.
a. revolution b. peace c. education d. slavery
____________5. What was the situation of the Filipinos based on “The Indolence of Filipinos” essay.
a. They lived lazily in their homes b. They worked so hard with less pay.
c. They worked but not appreciated. d. They lived without work.

FEEDBACK

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 Questions:

1.How do you find the activity?

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2.What are the important details you find out about the topic?

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3.Do you find it helpful to know about the details of the topic?
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RESOURCES

Redoblado, Simoun Victor D., (2017), 21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the
World, Brilliant Creations Publishing, Inc. Manila Philippines
Uychoco, Marikit Tara A (2016), 21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the World,
Rex Bookstore, Manila Philippines
Source: Rodrigo M. Martinez, Philippine’s Literary: GEMS An Anthology, (Mindshapers.
Co. Inc, 2016:99-102).
Adopted: https://catlintucker.com/2018/08/middle-school-writing-rubrics/

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 ______________________________
Signature Over Printed Name

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