Page 1 of 5

CHAPTER

6 Chapter Summary

WHAT did you learn? WHY did you learn it?

Identify, name, and describe polygons. (6.1 ) Lay the foundation for work with polygons.
Use the sum of the measures of the interior Find an unknown measure of an angle of a
angles of a quadrilateral. (6.1) quadrilateral. (p. 324)
Use properties of parallelograms. (6.2) Solve problems in areas such as furniture design.
(p. 333)
Prove that a quadrilateral is a parallelogram. (6.3) Explore real-life tools, such as a bicycle derailleur.
(p. 343)
Use coordinate geometry with parallelograms. (6.3) Use coordinates to prove theorems. (p. 344)
Use properties of rhombuses, rectangles, and Simplify real-life tasks, such as building a
squares, including properties of diagonals. (6.4) rectangular frame. (p. 350)
Use properties of trapezoids and kites. (6.5) Reach conclusions about geometric figures and
real-life objects, such as a wedding cake. (p. 357)
Identify special types of quadrilaterals based on Describe real-world shapes, such as tents. (p. 367)
limited information. (6.6)
Prove that a quadrilateral is a special type of Use alternate methods of proof. (p. 365)
quadrilateral. (6.6)
Find the areas of rectangles, kites, parallelograms, Find areas of real-life surfaces, such as the roof of
squares, triangles, trapezoids, and rhombuses. (6.7) a covered bridge. (p. 378)

How does Chapter 6 fit into the BIGGER PICTURE of geometry?

In this chapter, you studied properties of polygons, focusing on properties
of quadrilaterals. You learned in Chapter 4 that a triangle is a rigid structure.
Polygons with more than three sides do not form rigid structures. For
instance, on page 336, you learned that a scissors lift can be raised and
lowered because its beams form parallelograms, which are nonrigid figures.
Quadrilaterals occur in many natural and manufactured structures.
Understanding properties of special quadrilaterals will help you analyze
real-life problems in areas such as architecture, design, and construction.

STUDY STRATEGY Lesson 6.3

How did your Parallelograms have the follow
ing properties. You can
use them in proofs or to find
study group help parallelograms.
missing measures in
you learn?
• opposite sides are congruen
The notes you made, following t
• opposite angles are congru
the Study Strategy on page 320, ent
may resemble this one about
• consecutive angles are suppl
ementary
order of operations. • diagonals bisect each other

381
 Page 2 of 5

CHAPTER

6 Chapter Review

• polygon, p. 322 • equiangular polygon, p. 323 • square, p. 347 • legs of a trapezoid, p. 356
• sides of a polygon, p. 322 • regular polygon, p. 323 • trapezoid, p. 356 • isosceles trapezoid, p. 356
• vertex, vertices, p. 322 • diagonal of a polygon, p. 324 • bases of a trapezoid, p. 356 • midsegment of a trapezoid,
• convex, p. 323 • parallelogram, p. 330 • base angles of a trapezoid, p. 357
• nonconvex, concave, p. 323 • rhombus, p. 347 p. 356 • kite, p. 358
• equilateral polygon, p. 323 • rectangle, p. 347

Examples on
6.1 POLYGONS pp. 322–324

EXAMPLES Hexagon ABCDEF is convex and equilateral. It is A

not regular because it is not both equilateral and equiangular. F 70 70 B
Æ 110 110
AD is a diagonal of ABCDEF. The sum of the measures of the
interior angles of quadrilateral ABCD is 360°. 110 110
E 70 70 C
D

Draw a figure that fits the description.

1. a regular pentagon 2. a concave octagon

Find the value of x.

3. 67 115 4. 5x 5. 6x 
75

x 63 3x  9x  90

Examples on
6.2 PROPERTIES OF PARALLELOGRAMS pp. 330–333

EXAMPLES Quadrilateral JKLM is a parallelogram. J K

Opposite sides are parallel and congruent. Opposite 5 4
angles are congruent. Consecutive angles are 4 5
supplementary. The diagonals bisect each other.
M L

Use parallelogram DEFG at the right. E D

6. If DH = 9.5, find FH and DF. H
10
7. If m™GDE = 65°, find m™EFG and m™DEF.
8. Find the perimeter of ⁄DEFG. F 12 G

382 Chapter 6 Quadrilaterals

 Page 3 of 5

Examples on
6.3 PROVING QUADRILATERALS ARE PARALLELOGRAMS pp. 338–341

Æ Æ Æ Æ
EXAMPLES You are given that PQ £ RS and PS £ RQ. P q
Since both pairs of opposite sides are congruent, T
PQRS must be a parallelogram.
S R

Is PQRS a parallelogram? Explain.

9. PQ = QR, RS = SP 10. ™SPQ £ ™QRS, ™PQR £ ™RSP
Æ Æ Æ Æ
11. PS £ RQ, PQ ∞ RS 12. m™PSR + m™SRQ = 180°, ™PSR £ ™RQP

Examples on
6.4 RHOMBUSES, RECTANGLES, AND SQUARES pp. 347–350

EXAMPLES ABCD is a rhombus since it has 4 congruent sides. D C

The diagonals of a rhombus are perpendicular and each one bisects
a pair of opposite angles.
ABCD is a rectangle since it has 4 right angles. The diagonals
of a rectangle are congruent. A B
ABCD is a square since it has 4 congruent sides and 4 right angles.

List each special quadrilateral for which the statement is always true. Consider
parallelograms, rectangles, rhombuses, and squares.
13. Diagonals are perpendicular. 14. Opposite sides are parallel. 15. It is equilateral.

Examples on
6.5 TRAPEZOIDS AND KITES pp. 356–358

EXAMPLES EFGH is a trapezoid. ABCD is an isosceles trapezoid. Its base angles

and diagonals are congruent. JKLM is a kite. Its diagonals are perpendicular, and
one pair of opposite angles are congruent.
E 9 F A B K

12
J L
P
15
H G D C M

Use the diagram of isosceles trapezoid ABCD.

16. If AB = 6 and CD = 16, find the length of the midsegment.
17. If m™DAB = 112°, find the measures of the other angles of ABCD.
18. Explain how you could use congruent triangles to show that ™ACD £ ™BDC.

Chapter Review 383

 Page 4 of 5

Examples on
6.6 SPECIAL QUADRILATERALS pp. 364–366

EXAMPLES To prove that a quadrilateral is a rhombus, you can use any one of the
following methods.
• Show that it has four congruent sides.
• Show that it is a parallelogram whose diagonals are perpendicular.
• Show that each diagonal bisects a pair of opposite angles.

What special type of quadrilateral is PQRS ? Give the most specific name,
and justify your answer.

19. P(0, 3), Q(5, 6), R(2, 11), S(º3, 8)

20. P(0, 0), Q(6, 8), R(8, 5), S(4, º6)

21. P(2, º1), Q(4, º5), R(0, º3), S(º2, 1)

22. P(º5, 0), Q(º3, 6), R(1, 6), S(1, 2)

Examples on
6.7 AREAS OF TRIANGLES AND QUADRILATERALS pp. 372–375

EXAMPLES B C

Area of ⁄ABCD = bh = 5 • 4 = 20
4
1 1
Area of ¤ABD = bh =  • 5 • 4 = 10
2 2
A 5 D

M 6 L
1
Area of trapezoid JKLM = h(b1 + b2)
2 7
1
=  • 7 • (10 + 6)
2
= 56 J 10 K

1 X
Area of rhombus WXYZ = d1d2
2 2
1 W Y
=  • 10 • 4 5 2 5
2
Z
= 20

Find the area of the triangle or quadrilateral.

23. 24. 3 ft 25.
3 3
7 in. 4
3 ft

1
8 2 in.
6 ft

384 Chapter 6 Quadrilaterals

 Page 5 of 5

CHAPTER

6 Chapter Test

1. Sketch a concave pentagon.

Find the value of each variable.

2. 3. 5x  6 4. y x 5.
100
x 1 7 10
2
y 4
2y
3x x6
70 75 110

Decide if you are given enough information to prove that the quadrilateral
is a parallelogram.
6. Diagonals are congruent. 7. Consecutive angles are supplementary.
8. Two pairs of consecutive angles are congruent. 9. The diagonals have the same midpoint.

Decide whether the statement is always, sometimes, or never true.

10. A rectangle is a square. 11. A parallelogram is a trapezoid. 12. A rhombus is a parallelogram.

What special type of quadrilateral is shown? Justify your answer.

13. 11 14. 15. 24 16.
9 6
10 6
9
12 12 6
9 24 6
19

17. Refer to the coordinate diagram at the right. Use the Distance Formula y
to prove that WXYZ is a rhombus. Then explain how the diagram can be X (0, b)
used to show that the diagonals of a rhombus bisect each other and are
perpendicular. Y (a, 0) W (a, 0)
x
18. Sketch a kite and label it ABCD. Mark all congruent sides and angles
Æ Æ
of the kite. State what you know about the diagonals AC and BD and
Z (0, b)
justify your answer.

19. PLANT STAND You want to build a plant stand with three equally 6 in.
spaced circular shelves. You want the top shelf to have a diameter of
6 inches and the bottom shelf to have a diameter of 15 inches. The x in.
diagram at the right shows a vertical cross section of the plant stand.
What is the diameter of the middle shelf? 15 in.

20. HIP ROOF The sides of a hip roof form two trapezoids 22 ft
and two triangles, as shown. The two sides not shown are 15 ft
congruent to the corresponding sides that are shown. Find
the total area of the sides of the roof. 17 ft

20 ft
32 ft

Chapter Test 385