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2K views58 pagesFive Canterbury Tales Dominoes One Geoffrey Chaucer GRBR
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© © All Rights Reserved
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/ 58
Five
Canterbury
Tales OXFORD
UNIVERSITY PRESS
Great Clarendon Street, Oxford ox2 6D?
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Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries
‘This edition © Oxford University Press 2010
‘The moral rights of the author have been asserted
Database right Oxford University Press (maker)
Fist published in Dominoes 2008
2016
15 1413,
ISBN: 9780 19 424758 0 BOOK
ISBN: 9780 19 463936 1 BOOK AND AuDIO PACK
‘No unauthorized photocopying
All rights reserved. No part ofthis publication may be reproduced,
stored ina retrieval system, oF transmitted, in any form or by any means,
‘without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press,
‘oras expressly permitted by law, or under terms agreed with the appropriate
reprographics rights organization, Enquiries concerning reproduction,
‘outside the scope of the above should be sent to the ELT Rights Department,
Oxford University Press, atthe address above
‘You must not circulate this book in any other binding or caver
and you must impose this same condition on any acquiter
‘Any websites referred to in this publication are in the public domain and
‘their addresses are provided by Oxford University Press for information only.
Oxford University Press disclaims any responsibility for the content
Printed in China
‘This book is printed on paper from certified and well-managed sources.
TMlustrations ky: Natalia Demidova[PiAtt, Moscow
‘The publisher would it to thank the folowing for permission to reproduce photographs:
Alamy Images pp iv (The Parthenon, Athens/Art Kowalsky), iv (Roman Baths, Bath/David
Ball) iv (Southwark Bridge/Ace Stock Limited}, 20 (Araglan Caste(Jon Arnold Images 1),
42 (Canterbury Cathedral/Earl Clendennen), 42 (Edward the Black Prince statue, Leeds)
[Frederick Fearn, 43 (Alhambra Palace/JLimages), 43 (Court of Lions, The Alhambra)
‘Travelshots.com), 44 (Makkah, Saudi Arabia/ArkReligion.com}: Aquarius Library pp 40
(A Knight's Tale 2001/Columbia}, 41 (Heath Ledger, A Knight’s TalejColumbia); Kobal
Collection p41 (Shannyn Sossamon, A Knight’ Tale 2001/Columbia(é.Endrenyi); Mary
Evans Picture Library pp iv (Pavia: La Certosa, Italy 1886), iv (All Souls, Oxford 1821/Michael
Rooker, engraved Joseph Skelton), iv (The Franklin, woodcut circa 1500, OUP pp iv (Houses,
‘of Parliament/Image Source), 38 (coast)Digital Vision), 44 (Machu Picchu/Photodisc);
PunchStock p 44 (Amritsar Golden Temple/Brand X Pictures); Robert Harding Picture
Library p iv (BrittanyjGuy Thouveniny; Robert Harding Picture Library p iv (Canterbury
Cathedraljjohn Millen, Series Editors: Bill Bowler and Sue Parminter
Five
Canterbury
Tales
Geoffrey Chaucer
Text adaptation by Bill Bowler
Illustrated by Natalia Demidova
Geoffrey Chaucer was born in 1343, His father was a rich wine merchant
and his mother owned twenty-four London shops. At fourteen he
left home to work as a page — or young servant ~ in the house of
a rich woman, the Countess of Ulster. In later life, Chaucer worked
for the English king. He was with the English army in France in
the 1360s and made two visits to Italy for the king in the 1370s.
In his free time he wrote stories and poetry, and he sometimes read
these aloud to friends, but his writings did not appear as books until
some years after his death in 1400. His ‘Canterbury Tales’ is one of the
most famous pieces of early English literature,
OXFORD
‘UNIVERSITY PRESS BEFORE READING
1 Find out about Geoffrey Chaucer's life.
Circle the correct information.
He was born in 1843 / 1743.
His parents were / weren't rich
He left home when he was /4/ 40.
He travelled to America| Italy a number of times for work.
He wrote his stories in Latin / English.
He was / wasn'ta very famous writer when he was alive.
h Oxford
e the Thames f Southwark € Pavia
It's a city in the south-east of England, with a famous cathedral.
It's a town in the north of Italy.
1
2
3 It's the capital of Greece.
4 It's a city in the south-west of England, famous for its waters.
5 It’s part of south London.
6
7
8
It's the river that runs through London.
It’s part of the north-east of France.
It's a famous old city for students to the west of London hen March finishes, the rains in April bring the
W first flowers of spring. At this time the sun is
warm and, in England, lots of people go to
Canterbury, to the tomb of Saint Thomas Becket. There
they thank the Saint for his past help when they were ill.
My name’s Geoffrey Chaucer. It was 1 oth April 1386, and
I was in London at an Inn in Southwark, south of the river
Thames. I was there with twenty-nine more people. We
wanted to go to Canterbury the next day. But before I say
more, I want to tell you about some of the people with me.
tomb where
people put a dead
person
saint avery good
person
inn an old name
for a hotel where
you can eat, drink
or stay knight someone
from a good old
family
fight (past
fought) to hit
someone again
and again; when
someone hits
people again and
again
clothes people
wear these
merchant a
person who buys
and sells things
beard the hair
on a man’s face
clerk an old
word for someone
who works for the
church
sad not happy
thin not fat
God an
important being
who never dies
and who decides
what happens in
‘the world
First there was a Knight. He was a good man, and he
fought well. He was never afraid. He knew many different
countries and was famous in all of them. He always spoke
nicely, and he never did any bad things. He was a true
friend to everyone, and always helped people when they
needed it. His clothes were old, dark, and dirty from many
years of fighting.
Then there was a Merchant with a dark beard, and
rich red and yellow clothes. He had an expensive hat on
his head and good shoes on his feet. ‘I’m doing very well,’
he always said. He talked about ships and the sea a lot. He
was interested in changing money from different countries
and was a very quick thinker. He looked richer than he
truly was.
Next to the Merchant there was a Clerk from Oxford.
He was a student and he loved reading books. He had sad
eyes, and he looked thin and hungry. His coat was old and
thin, too. He wasn’t very good at finding work. When his
friends gave him money, he thanked God for their help
and went at once to the shops for more books. He didn’t
speak much, but he always said the right thing. He loved
learning, and teaching too. After the Clerk came a Franklin with a white beard and
ared, happy face. He liked eating and drinking and having
a good time. He asked people from near and far to visit him
at home. Summer or winter, his table was always ready
for them with lots of good things to eat on it. He was an
important man, he knew right from wrong, and people
listened to him.
There was a woman from Bath, too. Everyone called her
‘The Wife of Bath’. Her face was open, and nice-looking,
but she couldn't hear very well. In her red dre:
a big woman with a big smile, big teeth, and a big red hat
on her head. She laughed a lot and talked easily, and she
she was
knew all about love.
So there we were, all thirty of us, at the Inn. We all
sat down at the table, and the landlord, a tall fat man,
brought us the best dinner in London. After we finished
eating, the landlord smiled, and said: ‘We're going to
Canterbury tomorrow, and that’s four days from here. One
by one, let's all tell a story on the road. When you listen to
a story, the time goes quicker. And to the teller of the best
story we can give a free dinner here at my inn when we get
back. What do you say?”
We all said ‘yes’ happily to the Landlord. The question
now was: Who goes first?
franklin an old
‘word for someone
who doesn’t
come from an old
important family,
but who now has
money and a big
house
landlord aman
who has an inn N
READING CHECK
Choose the correct words to complete the sentences about the story.
a It's Spring) summer | autumn.
b Geoffery Chaucer isin Canterbury — London — Oxford.
© He's with two friends — thirty people _ his wife.
d They're waiting to goto. Canterbury | London » Oxford.
e The landlord wants all the people to finish eating tell a story have a free dinner.
What are the people in the story like? Match two phrases with each picture.
1 always helps people 6 laughs and talks a lot
2 asks a lot of people to his house 7 loves eating and drinking
3 can't hear very well 8 reads a lot
4 hasn't got much money 9 talks about ships and the sea
5 is a good person 10 wears expensive clothes WORD WORK
Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words on the table.
Chaucer and his friends are going to visit the ....t9°..... ofa
a .
b They're staying for a night at an before they leave for Canterbury.
© The Clerk doesn't look happy; he's got .... eyes.
The Merchant and the Franklin both have on their faces
e The Wife of Bath's .......... are all red
f Two knights are... in this picture.
g He'sa man, he doesn't eat much, and he's always hungry.
h The . at the Inn gave them a good dinner.
GUESS WHAT
The Knight tells the first story. It begins in Greece a long time ago.
Which three things do you think happen in the story?
Yes No
‘a Two cousins fight because of a woman oO oOo
b Abad knight takes a beautiful woman away from her home, Oo
© Two knights fall in love with one woman Oo
d Awoman’s five husbands die, one by one. oO oO
e The Roman gods help three of the people in the story. Oo
f Ayoung knight marries an old woman. Oo war fighting
between countries
or people
duke the most
important man in
a big old town
win (past won)
to be the best in
a fight
marry to make
someone your
husband or wife
queen the most
important woman
ina country
city (plural
cities) a big and
important town
king the most
important man in
a country, or an
ld town
bury to put a
dead body under
‘the ground
enemy someone
who is not your
friend
CHAPTER TWO
THE KNIGHT'S TALE
“reson the end, the Knight spoke first. ‘I'm not very
© good at this,’ he said. ‘But I have a wonderful,
f= old story to tell. It’s all about love and war between
men and women, two friends, and different countries —
but it's very long. So I’m going to tell you only the most
important things. I’m not going take a lot of time answering
all those little questions: What clothes did they wear? What did
they eat? How did they fight? and Was the weather good or bad?
But let's begin. Are you all ready?’ We all said, ‘Yes!’ at once
—and he began to tell his story happily:
8
Long ago in Greece, Duke Theseus fought to make Athens
bigger. For many years he made war with different people.
One of these wars was with the Amazons. These women
were very good fighters, and not afraid of Theseus or
the people of Athens. When Theseus won the war, he
married the Amazon Queen, Hippolyta. After that, he
wanted to take his wife, and her sister, Emely, to Athens.
On the road, they came to the city of Thebes. There they
saw lots of women with their heads in their hands.
‘Why are you crying?’ asked Theseus.
‘Our city fought a war with Creon,’ the women told him.
‘He took the city. Now he’s King of Thebes. And we can’t
bury the dead bodies of our husbands, fathers, and sons,
because they were Creon’s enemies.’
Then Theseus told his wife and her sister, “You must go
to Athens without me. I must fight Creon before | come
home.” So Hippolyta and Emely went
to Athens, and Duke Theseus fought
Creon. In the end, Theseus killed him. When he was dead,
the women of Thebes could bury their men.
In the war, Theseus’s men hurt two of Creon’s knights.
Later they brought these two men to the Duke. Their
names were Arcite and Palamon. They were cousins and
good friends. Because they were good fighters the Duke
didn’t kill them.
“You're coming with me to Athens,’ he said. ‘There you
must live in prison. And in the end, you must die in prison
too, because you were friends of King Creon — and he was
my enemy.’
So Arcite and Palamon went with Theseus to Athens,
and for many months they lived in a prison next to the
Duke's castle.
One day, when Palamon sat by the window, he saw
beautiful Emely in the castle garden. He fell in love with
her at once and cried, ‘Oh help! I’m hurt!”
hurt (past hurt)
to do something
bad to someone,
feeling bad
cousin the son
(or daughter) of
your father's (or
mother’s) brother
(or sister)
prison a place
where people
must stay when
they do something
wrong
castle a big old
building; a rich
person lives here
fall in love with
(past fell) to
begin to love
someone become (past
became) to
begin to be
‘Are you ill, Palamon?’ asked Arcite from his bed.
‘No, I'm not. But come and look through the window,
answered Palamon.
Arcite looked through the window. When he saw Emely,
he fell in love with her, too.
‘Emely!’ called Hippolyta from the castle. ‘Come here. I
need you!”
‘I'm coming, sister,’ answered Emely, and she went at
once.
‘What a beautiful girl!’ cried Arcite. ‘She’s Queen
Hippolyta’s sister, Emely, and I love her!’
“You can't love her,’ said Palamon angrily. ‘I saw her and
fell in love with her first — so I’m her lover, not you.’
‘Cousin,’ answered Arcite, ‘Emely doesn’t know us, and
we're never going to meet her. So [can love her too, I think,
and you can’t stop me.’
The two cousins, once the best of friends, now became
the worst of enemies. Some time later, Duke Perotheus visited Athens. He was.
Theseus’s friend and Arcite’s friend too.
‘Theseus,’ said Perotheus when they met, ‘Can Arcite go
back to Thebes with me?’
‘Of course,’ answered Theseus, ‘But he must never come
back to Athens, or I’m going to kill him.’
Arcite left prison and Athens very sadly. He was very
angry about Palamon.
‘I'm never going to see Emely again, but Palamon is
going to see her from his prison window every day.’
%
Back in Thebes, Arcite was ill for a long time with love
for Emely. When, after many months, he was well again
and could leave his bed, his face was thinner and he had a
beard. ‘I’m very different to look at,’ he thought. ‘No one
is going to know me in Athens now.’ So he changed his
name to Philostrate, changed his clothes, and went back
to Athens.
There he went at once to Theseus’s castle, and soon
became the Duke's good friend.
All this time Palamon stayed in prison and watched
Emely through his window every day. But one night, soon
after Arcite was back in Athens, Palamon climbed out of
the prison window and ran to a forest near the castle.
The next day, Arcite went for a walk in the forest. He
saw nobody near him, so he spoke freely. But behind a tree
Palamon listened carefully.
‘Every day Palamon watches Emely far away through
his prison window,’ began Arcite, And, some months ago,
I too nearly died of love for her. But now I can meet her
and speak with her in the castle when I want. These days
climb to go up or
down, or through
something using
your hands and
feet
forest a place
with lots of trees I have a new beard, and I'm thinner
than I was. So no one here knows
me. That's good! Because now I can
be Philostrate, and Duke Theseus’s
good friend. And before I was only his
enemy, Arcite.’
Suddenly Palamon came out from
behind his tree.
‘Fight me, Arcite, you dog!’ he cried
angrily.
And the two cousins fought.
Just then, Duke Theseus arrived with
some knights. Hippolyta and Emely
came after them.
‘What's all this noise? Philostrate,
my friend, why are you fighting?’ Palamon told the Duke everything.
‘So, you are my old enemy Arcite!’ said Theseus angrily.
‘Arcite, Palamon, the two of you must die for this!’
But Emely and Hippolyta cried, ‘Please don’t kill them!’
So the Duke said to the cousins, ‘Very well. I'm not
going to kill you. You're free to leave Athens now, but you
must come back in a year’s time. Arcite, bring with you
a hundred knights, and, Palamon you bring a hundred
knights, too. There's going to be a big fight between you,
and the winner can marry Emely.
So Arcite and Palamon promised to come back with
their knights, and left Athens.
Theseus began to make everything in the city ready for
the big fight. Soon there were new buildings everywhere,
and the people of Athens felt excited. ‘We're going to have
a good time next year,’ they thought ‘with lots to eat, and
lots of drinking and singing — and all because Arcite and
Palamon and their knights are coming. It’s wonderful.’
After a year, Arcite and Palamon came back to Athens
with their best knights. They were ready to fight for
Emely.
The night before the fight, Palamon asked Venus for help.
‘Goddess of love, help me to marry Emely,’ he said.
At the same time, Emely asked Diana for help. ‘Goddess
of women without husbands,’ she said, ‘I don’t want to
marry. So stop this fight between Arcite and Palamon.
But perhaps you can’t do that. So then help me to marry
well. Which of these two knights loves me more? I want
him for my husband.’
That evening Arcite asked Mars for help. ‘God of war,
help me to win the fight,’ he said.
promise to say
to someone that
you are going to
do something;
something you
say that you are
Boing to do
goddess 2
woman god a2
a)
‘
In Olympus, the home of the gods, Diana spoke angrily
with Venus and Mars.
“What can we do?’ she said. ‘Palamon, Emely, and Arcite
all want different things. They can’t all be happy in the
end.’
‘The answer’ aid the old god Saturn. ‘Palamon
can win Emely, and Arcite can win the fight. Listen to me.
What's going to happen tomorrow is this. .. .’
Back in Athens, it was the day of the big fight. Before
things began, Duke Theseus spoke to Arcite, Palamon, and
all their knights.
‘When a Knight is hurt,’ he said to them, ‘He must leave
e fight. Do you understand?’
and Palamon. Then the fight began.
Alter some time, Palamon was badly hurt, and his men
took him away. Arcite was happy when he saw Palamon go. He stayed
on his horse, put his hands over his head, and cried to the
people of Athet
The people of the city cried back excitedly, ‘Arcite’s the
winner! Arcite’s the winner!’ When Arcite’s horse heard
, it became afraid. Suddenly it stood up on its
back legs, and Arcite fell from its back and was badly hurt.
Doctors ran to him, but they couldn't help him, and so he
died.
In the end, Palamon married Emely, and the two of them
buried Arcite very sadly.
Duke Theseus was excited about the wedding between
Palamon and Emely.
‘This is an important day for Athens and Thebes,’ he said
. ‘I’m the winner!’
all this noi:
on their wedding day.
Palamon loved Emely and she loved him, and they were
husband and wife for many long and happy years.
wedding the day
when two people
marry READING CHECK
Put these sentences in the correct order to tell the Knight’s story.
Number them 1-10.
Emely and Palamon marry.
Theseus fights the King of Thebes, Creon.
Theseus and the women see Arcite and Palamon fighting
Arcite and Palamon fall in love with Emely.
Theseus marries the Queen of the Amazons.
Arcite wins the fight but he dies.
Arcite begins hating Palamon, and Palamon hates Arcite
Theseus puts Arcite and Palamon in prison in Athens.
Theseus tells Arcite and Palamon, ‘Come back to Athens
“sm reno oD
and fight in a year’s time.
i LJ arcite leaves prison in Athens with a friend
WORD WORK
1 Use the pictures to complete the crossword.
Across 4 Down 2 Complete Palamon’s letter to a friend.
Dear friend,
I'm writing to you from Athens, Why? It’s a long story.
After the war of Thebes, Creon by 9) ) 9. The women of
Thebes wanted to by) their dead men, but Creon said, ‘No!’
Then Theseus fought Creon and ww, His knights bus) Arcite
and me, and Theseus took us to prison in Athens,
1 saw Emely from our prison window, but Arcite f7
with her too, And so my cose and I became es.
Theseus was very angry when 1 co) out of prison and
fought Arcite in the forest. We po) him to come back
to Athens with one bundred knights. Now it’s a year later
and I'm going to fight Arcite, The winner can my) Emely,
Your friend,
Palamon
GUESS WHAT
The Wife of Bath tells the next story. Look at the picture from
the beginning of the story. What happens in the story?
a It’s about
1 King Arthur and Queen Guinevere.
2 asad Italian king and his daughter.
3 one of King Arthur’s knights and a woman
b What happens to the man?
1 A beautiful young woman falls in love with him.
2 He falls in love with a woman from a bad family.
3 Queen Guinevere asks him a difficult question.
How does the story end?
1 The man marries an old woman, but they are happy.
2 The beautiful woman falls in love with a different knight.
3 The man marries the young woman, but they aren't in love. ride (past rode)
to go on a horse
treat to do
something to
someone with
800d or bad
feelings
punishment
when you do
something bad
to someone after
they do something
bad to you
CHAPTER THREE
THE WIFE OF BATH’S TALE
igs gow it was time for the Wife of Bath's story
‘i : But before she began, she told us all about her
“a= five past husbands. ‘My rich old husbands were
the best,’ she said. ‘They did everything for me. Women
are more important than their husbands,
pilgrims laughed openly when they heard about all her
different past lovers, young and old. But when she began
her story, we all listened interestedly.
nt
&
fter all.’ Some
In King Arthur's time, the king and his knights lived in
the castle of Camelot. One of Arthur’s knights —Tarquin —
loved Lucretia, a beautiful young woman with long black
hair. But she didn’t love him. One day she sat under a tree
by the river, when suddenly Tarquin rede his horse out of
the forest and took her in his arms.
‘Help!’ cried Lucretia, but Tarquin carried her away
quickly on his horse to an old house on a hill far from
Camelot. There he put her in a dark room and closed the
door behind her.
At once, King Arthur called his knights to him. ‘Find
Tarquin and Lucretia,’ he said, ‘and bring them to me.’
They soon brought Tarquin and Lucretia to the king. He
was angry with Tarquin. ‘When a knight from Camelot
treats a woman badly, he must die,’ said Arthur.
But Queen Guinevere felt sorry for Tarquin. So she
asked her husband, ‘Can I give a different punishment
to him?” ‘Of course,’ said the king.
Then she said to Tarquin,
‘Tell me the answer to this
important question: what
do women want most of
all?”
Tarquin didn’t know. So
he said nothing.
Then the queen said,
‘Tarquin, you can leave
Camelot now, but you must
come back in a year with a
good answer to my question, X
or you die.”
So Tarquin went from village to
village and town to town. And alwa’
he
question.
In one village they answered, ‘We
want money.’
In the next village they said, ‘We
want to be happy.’
In one town, they told Tarquin,
“We want to hear nici
ed different women Guine’
things from
our lovers.’
Camelot. He felt bad becau:
he didn’t have a good answe
Guinevere’s question. On the road to Camelot, Tarquin
rode his horse through a forest. It was
dark and not easy to see there. After
some time, he got off his horse and
began to walk. Just then, he saw twenty-
four beautiful young women in front of
him. They were all in green dresses, and
they sang beautifully, laughed, and moved in
and out of the trees. But when Tarquin came
near, they suddenly left — and the only thing
there in front of him was an ugly old woman.
Tarquin told his story to her, and asked her
Guinevere’s question.
‘T can tell you the answer,’ she said. ‘But first
you must promise me something.’
‘What?’ asked Tarquin.
“You must pay me back later for my help.’
‘Of course, old woman,’ laughed Tarquin.
%
In Camelot, Tarquin went at once to the queen.
‘What do women want most of all?’ asked Guinevere,
‘To rule their husbands,’ answered Tarquin.
Guinevere asked the women in the room, ‘Is that right?’
ugly not beautiful
pay back (past ‘Yes,’ they all said.
emo good ‘Tarquin, you're a free man,’ said Guinevere,
orgie money to Just then, the ugly old woman from the forest came into
someone after
they do something the room.
00d to you
rule to tell Wait!’ she cried. ‘That young man’s answer came from
someone or mel’
the people ina
country whatthey ‘It's true,’ said Tarquin.
must or mustn't
do ‘And now you must pay me back,’ said the old woman. ‘How much money do you want?’ asked Tarquin.
‘I don’t want money,’ she said. “You must marry me!’
So Tarquin married the old woman that afternoon. That
night, before they went to bed, his new wife was sad.
‘What's the matter, husband?’ she asked. ‘Why don't you
look at me?”
‘Wile,’ he said. ‘I feel ill when I see your fa
‘But my ugly face is a good thing,’ she answered. ‘No
man is going to want to take me to bed, and so I'm always
going to be faithful to you. What do you want — a quiet
faithful but ugly wife, or a beautiful but not faithful wife?
‘I don’t know,’ said Tarquin. “You choose for me.’
When she heard this, the old woman felt happy. She now
ruled her husband.
‘Kiss me,’ she said. ‘I'm going to be your faithful and
beautiful wife
So Tarquin kissed the ugly old woman, and at once she
became young and beautiful.
And alter that, Tarquin lived very happily with his
beautiful, faithful wife for many years.
faithful true to
your husband
or wife and not
having lovers
choose (past
chose) to think
which thing, of a
number of things,
you want
kiss to touch
lovingly with your
mouth READING CHECK
Correct the mistakes in these sentences.
isn’t
a Lucretia js’in love with Tarquin.
b Tarquin takes Lucretia to a castle far away from Camelot.
°
King Arthur feels sorry for Tarquin
2
Queen Guinevere asks Tarquin a question about men:
Twenty-four young women tell him the answer to the question
Tarquin comes back to Camelot after a week with the answer to the question.
0,
Tarquin marries the old woman because he is in love with her.
=
The old woman is happy because she loves her husband.
i When Tarquin marries her, she becomes young and beautiful
WORD WORK
1 Find seven more words from The Wife of Bath’s Tale in the wordsquare.
A/T A|T/I]N]P
PA K/N/B|T|O]fF
Als 1/H/E]RI|TI/A
R|T S|Cc]Y]EIN||1
U|N S|H|M/E|N||T
L|G A/O/E|S]s |/H
E/E T/O}U|HIE]F
U|F y|s|T]u]a|ju
Ga|ERY UJE|P/Ale fl 2 Use the correct form of the words from Activity 1 to complete the sentences.
a Guinevere is a loving and ... Qt EUL.. wife to King Arthur.
b King Arthur was a good king and .................. England for many years
© When Tarquin . his wife, he doesn't become ugly.
d Guinevere's for Tarquin is to answer a question
e King Arthur wants to kill Tarquin because he .. Lucretia badly earlier.
f The old woman in the forest is very
g The Wife of Bath to tell a story about a knight perhaps because the
Knight’s story is about two knights
h Tarquin «sss... his horse from village to village and asks women everywhere
his question
GUESS WHAT
The Clerk of Oxford tells the next story about a husband and wife. Tick the boxes.
a The husband Yes No
1 isn't faithful to his wife.
2 is an Italian king
3 does some very bad things to his wife.
b The wife Yes No
1 always wants to please her husband
2 is from a rich family.
3 doesn’t see her children for many years.
2 poor not rich
or something you
say when you feel
sorry for somone
obedient doing
what people tell
you to do
recognize to see
‘someone and to
know who it is
perfect with
nothing wrong
decide to think
about something
and then do it
22
CHAPTER FOUR
THE CLERK OF OXFORD'S TALE
phe quiet Clerk looked sad when the Landlord said
© to him: ‘Forget your books and your long face,
and tell us a story. Remember, lots of interesting
things must happen in it, and please make it easy for us to
understand.”
‘Very well,’ answered the poor Clerk. ‘It’s an old Italian
story, and — with God’s help — we can all learn something
from it about strong husbands and faithful wives.’ Then
he began:
nt
&
King Walter ruled Saluzzo in Italy. His people loved him,
but he was sad because he had no wife and no son.
‘Tcan only be happy with an obedient wife,’ he said, but
it wasn't easy to find an obedient woman in Saluzzo.
From time to time, King Walter went into town in dirty
old clothes. He liked visiting his people when they didn't
recognize him.
One day, in his old clothes, Walter met a poor man,
Janicula, and his beautiful daughter — Griselda. Every
day Griselda brought water home for her father, and
Walter watched her at work. She was a good and obedient
daughter. ‘She’s the perfect wife for me!’ he decided.
So Walter — in his old clothes — visited Janicula.
‘Can I marry your daughter?’ he asked.
‘Of course,’ answered Janicula.
Then Walter spoke to Griselda. ‘I want to marry you,’ he
said. ‘I asked your father and he said “yes”. But before we
marry, promise me something.’ ‘What?’ asked Griselda.
‘When we are husband
and wife, you must always
be obedient. Sometimes it's
going to hurt you, but you
must never question me.’
‘I promise,’ said Griselda.
Then Walter said to
Griselda, ‘Now I can tell
you my secret. I am King ee
Walter!’
After the wedding, Griselda
became famous in Saluzzo.
‘What a good, beautiful woman!’
people said. And what an obedient
wife!’
Soon she had a daughter. When
the child was very little, the king
decided to test his wife.
‘Our daughter can’t stay with us.
he said. ‘She must go and live in a
house far away.’
Griselda remembered her promise
before the wedding. ‘Of course,’ she
said.
So Walter took their young daughter to a good family in score ing shat
a house far away, and left her there. you don't tell to
After two years, Griselda had a son. Everyone in Saluzzo oe
was happy. But when the boy was two years old, Walter something to
fn enrif someone to see
tested his wife again. what they do
23 false not true
Pope the most
important man
in the Catholic
church; he lives in
Rome
24
‘Our son can’t stay with us,’ he said. ‘He must go and live
in a house far away.’
Again Griselda remembered her promise before the
wedding. ‘Of course,’ she said.
So Walter went back to the family in the house far away
and left their young son there, with their daughter,
When their daughter was sixteen years old, and their
son fourteen, the king decided to test Griselda one more
time. He sat down at his writing-table and wrote a false
letter. It said:
0 King Walter of Saluzz0,
You can leave your first wife Griselda and marry again —
this time to a woman from a good family.
Your friend,
Pope Urban VI
Walter took the false letter to Griselda and said, “This
is from the Pope. Now I can leave you and marry a rich
young wife.”
Griselda felt very sad, but she remembered her
promise. ‘Of course,’ she said. ‘I can go back to live with
my father.’
Then the king brought his son and his daughter back
home in rich clothes. He didn’t tell Griselda their true
names, and — after twelve years away — she didn’t recognize
them.
‘This is my new wife and her young brother,’ said
Walter. Then he asked Griselda, ‘Before you leave, can you help my
new wife into her wedding dress?”
‘Of course,’ she said, and she went to her daughter's
room and helped the young girl into the beautiful dress.
After that, Griselda took off her rich queen's clothes, put
on a poor woman’s dress, and went back to her father’s
house.
“What a perfect wife!’ said Walter.
At once, he took his children to Janicula’s house. There
he spoke to his wife.
‘Griselda,’ he said, ‘the Pope’s letter was false. There
was no wedding today. I have no new wife. This is your
daughter, Vera, and this is your son, Fidelio. I took them
from you many years ago, but now they are back with us
again.’
‘Can this be true?’ Griselda cried, with a smile on her
fac
“Yes, mother, it’s us,’ said Vera and Fidelio.
At once, Griselda took her two children in her arms. All
three of them cried happily.
Then they went back home with Walter. After that, the
King stopped testing his wife, and they and their children
lived happily in Saluzzo for many years. READING CHECK
Match the sentence parts to tell the Clerk’s story.
King Walter is sad because
He wants to find
Sometimes he wears old clothes
to be obedient at all times.
the king brings his children home
an obedient wife
she is a good young woman.
1
2
3
King Walter wants to marry Griselda because \ 4
5 he doesn't have a wife and children
6
7
8
9
a
b
c
d
e When they marry, Griselda promises
f After their daughter is born, King Walter
The king takes their two children away
h When their daughter is sixteen
Walter is going to marry a rich young woman,
never to test his wife again
wants to test his wife.
and visits people in the town.
but his wife doesn't say a thing
j Inthe end King Walter promises 10 Griselda thinks.
WORD WORK
1 Put the letters on the books in order to make words from the Clerk’s story.
G.
a obedient October rat
My mother was from a (2). 290%. family
before she married my father, the king, He
visited fner louse every day but she didn't
O) him in his old clothes,
. beard, too.
only after she.
‘Sometimes he wore a (@)
He told her his @).
promised to marry hirn
My mother was a (2)...
father wanted to (9.
wo wife, but ey
fer, When they
GUESS WHAT
The Merchant tells the next story. It has a rich old knight in it.
What do you think the story is about? Tick four things.
d a small house
2 Complete Princess Vera’s diary with the words from Activity 1 in the correct form.
got married, she promised to be always
© and never to question
him. When { vas a small gir, my father
® 4o take me away from
my mother. That was fourteen years ago!
Tomorrow my father is going to take me
and my brother home +o our mother.
We're very excited!
e C1] aservant
f CO a goddess
QT problem
something that
makes you feel
bad
alone with
nobody
28
CHAPTER FIVE
THE MERCHANT’S TALE
er the Clerk finished, the Merchant said: ‘T
married my wife two weeks ago, and she’s not an
obedient Griselda. She's a very bad young woman.
She's always angry with me, and she never stops talking.
I'm tired of it. For me, all wives are only punishments for
their husbands.’ He said no more about his wife after that,
but began his story:
%
January was a rich old knight. He lived in the town of
Pavia, in the north of Italy.
When he was younger, he had a good time. Now he was
sixty, he wanted to marry a woman from his home town
and have a son.
‘My wife can help me when I'm very old and ill, and my
son can have my house and everything in it when I die,’
he thought.
In the end, January decided to marry a very young
woman. Her name was May. Before the wedding, he asked
his friends, ‘Is she right for me?”
Most said, ‘She's perfect!"
But his best friend, Justinius, said, ‘It isn’t good for an
old man to marry a young girl. You're going to have
problems.’
January didn’t listen, and married May.
After the wedding dinner, he told his friends, ‘Go now. |
want to be alone with my young wife.’
They left at once, and January and May went to bed.
“e
& Damian was a young servant in
January's house. He fell in love with May
when he first saw her. He soon became ill with this
love — but told his secret to nobody.
‘What's the matter with Damian?’ January said to May.
‘Wife. go and look after him.’
So May went and sat by Damian's bed.
6
Damian soon began to feel better. Once, when they were
alone, he gave May a short letter. She read it:
Then May looked up at
May, . :
\ \ Damian. ‘I love you too,’ she
\ love you a lot. A
y said.
Your servant, Damian soon got out of bed servant a person
Damian who works for
after that. someone rich
Some time later, January suddenly became blind. He eae to
jo things for
was now very jealous of May. someone when
; , se : they need help or
‘Where are you? Stay next to me. Give me your hand,’ he _ are ill
said. “You must look after me.’ blind when you
can't see
It wasn't easy for May. She wanted to be with Damian, jealous feeling
but all the time her jealous old husband stopped her. angry or unhappy
because someone
ing a akfast Damia i z ay you like is
One morning at breakfast Damian quietly gave May Stele
a longer letter. January was there, but he couldn’t see a someone else
29 pear along
green or yellow
fruit with a round
bottom
foolish not
thinking well
30
thing. May said nothing, but she read Damian's letter at
once. It said:
May, j
Let's meet in the garden. | can go there before you, climb up
into the pear tree, and wait for you. When you and January §
arrive, climb up into the tree, and we can kiss there.
Damian
XXX
‘Shall we go for a walk in the garden?’ May asked January
after breakfast.
‘Yes,’ he answered. He took May's hand blindly, and
walked with her into the garden.
8
At the same time, in the country of the dead, the god Pluto
— King of Hades — spoke to his wife, Queen Proserpina.
‘I'm angry with May,’ said Pluto. ‘She’s not faithful to
January. Poor blind January. I’m going to help him. He's
going to see again. That's going to stop May.’
‘I'm not sorry for January,’ said Proserpina. ‘He's a
foolish old man. He married a young girl for her face and
body, and didn’t see any problem in that. I’m going to help
May. When January sees his young wife in the tree with
Damian, she’s going to be ready with a quick answer for
her husband.’
ae
if
Back in Italy, May and January sat under the pear tree in
the garden. Damian waited up in the tree.
‘Husband, are you hungry?’ asked May.
‘Yes,’ said January.
“Would you like a nice pear from the tree? ‘Yes.’
So May climbed up into the tree. Quietly Damian began
kissing and hugging her.
Just then, January could suddenly
see again. He looked up and saw
Damian and May.
‘What are you doing?’
he said. ‘I can see you.
You're hugging and
kissing Damian!’
cried January
angrily.
‘What are you
talking about?’ said
May. “Yesterday an
old woman told me,
“Fight with a man
in a pear tree, and
your blind husband
is going to see again.”
Damian fought with me in
the tree because I asked him.
And you can see again, so it
worked! So don’t be angry with me.
Say “thank you”.’
‘Perhaps you're right.’ said January, ‘I can see now
because you fought with Damian in the pear tree. Thank
you, wife, for that.’
May climbed quickly down from the tree. She smiled
up at Damian, hugged January, and took her foolish old hug to take
lovingly in your
husband back into the house. arms
31 32
READING CHECK
1 Are these sentences true or false? True False
a January marries for love. oOo WW
Damian works in January's house.
Damian becomes ill because of his love for May. oO
May looks after Damian in secret.
May writes a love letter to Damian.
Damian and May decide to meet in the garden. oO
The gods Pluto and Proserpina help May and Damian.
January sees May and Damian kissing in a tree
In the end January is angry with May. oO
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
i
2 Who says what? Match the speech bubbles with the people.
January Damian The Merchant
| can see now because you
fought with Damian in the pear tree
My wife’s a
very bad young woman
| married my
wife two weeks ago
May, | love you a lot.
Let's meet
in the garden
Shall we go for
a walk in the garden?
Would you like a
nice pear from the tree?
You must
look after me. WORD WORK
Replace the yellow words with words from the Merchant's story.
a Damian and May kiss in a bear tree pear.
b January is jeans of May. He doesn't like it when men look at her.
January needs May's help because he’s find and can't see.
d_ January sees May and Damian kissing and hungry in the tree
Old January was finish to marry young May, thinks Proserpina
f January has lots of programs with his wife
g Damian is a serpent in January's house.
h It isn’t easy for May to be along with Damian because she likes him
GUESS WHAT
The Franklin tells the last story. Complete the sentences with the names.
a
b
c
d
is a good knight.
and are married.
- falls in love with ..
is faithful and doesn’t love
33 lonely unhappy
because you are
alone
rock a very big
stone
34
CHAPTER SIX
THE FRANKLIN'S TALE
<« efore the Franklin began his story, he said: ‘T
never learnt much from books because I didn’t go
to a good school. My story’s about a husband and
. too. But — for me — when a man and woman marry,
the two of them must rule in their home — differently, of
course — for it to be a happy one.’ And, with that, he began:
%
Arveragus was a good, rich knight. He lived in a castle on
a black hill near the sea in Brittany in France. One day he
decided to marry.
He chose for his wife a beautiful young woman, Dorigen.
Before the wedding he said to her, ‘When we are husband
and wife, I'm always going to think well of you, and I'm
never going to be angry when you say or do foolish things.
Can you promise me this, too?”
‘Of course,’ said Dorigen, and she promised.
Soon after the wedding, Arveragus went away to a
different country. Dorigen felt lonely. She often went
down to watch the sea. It hit the black rocks for hours.
Dorigen watched it sadly, and waited for her husband to
come home.
Arich man, Aurelius, lived near Arveragus’s castle. Day
after day he saw Dorigen from his window, and he fell in
love with her. He began to go for walks by the sea. One day
he spoke to Dorigen.
“Would you like to come to my castle for dinner?’
‘I'm sorry,’ said the faithful Dorigen, ‘I can't. I'm waiting
for my husband.” Day after day Dorigen watched the sea. Day after day picnic a meal
that people eat
Aurelius came and spoke to her. outside in the
ony 5 ria country, often
‘Would you like a drink? siting on the
‘Would you like to meet my friends?” Broun
a tee Joke to say
Always Dorigen’s answer was, ‘No. things that are
not serious, or
But one morning in May, Aurelius said, ‘Dorigen, would pe funny
you like to come on a picnic?’
And this time Dorigen said, ‘Yes.’
Aurelius ran home at once. He put lots of good things to
eat in a picnic box, took it back to Dorigen, and opened it.
He gave a red apple to Dorigen. She sat on a little rock near
him, and ate it.
%
Soon Aurelius said, ‘Dorigen, I love you. Your husband's
away. You can come to my castle in secret. I want you.’
‘No,’ she said.
‘Dorigen, think again. You're alone. Come to my
castle. I need you.’
Dorigen laughed. ‘Aurelius, I promise you
something. First take away all the rocks from
the sea near Brittany. Then you and I can
meet in your castle,’ she joked. magician
‘somebody that
makes things
happen in a way
that you don't
understand
After the picnic, Aurelius went home to his castle, and
Dorigen stayed and watched the sea.
One day, Arveragus came home after many months. He
and Dorigen hugged and kissed when they met.
‘I'm happy to be back,’ he said.
‘I'm happy to have you here again,’ said Dorigen.
But on that day — at the same time — Aurelius met a
magician. He told the man about Dorigen’s promise.
‘For £1,000 I can take away all the rocks from the sea
near Brittany,’ the magician said.
‘Do it, and I can give you the money the day after
tomorrow,’ said Aurelius.
Early the next morning the rocks weren't there. Aurelius
came at once to see Dorigen.
‘Remember your promise. I'm waiting for you tonight,’
he said. Then he went back to his castle.
Dorigen remembered her foolish joke and felt sad.
‘What's the matter?’ asked Arveragus at breakfast. Dorigen told him all about the picnic and her foolish
promise.
Arveragus said, ‘Dorigen, I'm sorry. It was a joke, I know,
but a promise is a promise. It’s going to hurt me a lot, but
there are no rocks in the sea today. So you must go to
Aurelius tonight.’
8
Aurelius smiled when he opened his door to Dorigen
that night. But then he saw her sad face. ‘What did your
husband say?’ he asked.
When Dorigen told him, Aurelius said, “Your husband's
avery good man, and I feel very bad. A joke'’s a joke after
all. Look, I'm going to bed, and you must go back to
Arveragus!”
So Dorigen went home to her husband.
The next day, the magician visited Aurelius.
‘Where's my money?” he said. ‘And what happened with
Dorigen?”
Aurelius told him about the night before.
“You poor man!’ said the magician. ‘After all that, you
didn’t get the girl. Well, Arveragus is a good husband,
Dorigen’s a good wife, and I'm a good magician. So let's
forget the £1,000."
‘Thank you very much, my friend,’ said Aurelius.
at
8
n the end, after all these interesting stories and
z | more — we pilgrims arrived in Canterbury. There
= we visited Saint Thomas's tomb and said our ‘thank
yous’ to God. But things didn’t finish there, because we
told lots more stories on the road back from Canterbury, Pilgrim @ person
too.
who visits a holy
place
37 READING CHECK
Correct ten more mistakes in the summary of the Franklin’s story.
anar
Before Arveragus marries Dorigen, they make a promise never to be hagey When
Arveragus goes away to a different city, Dorigen is sad. She sits and watches the sky,
waiting for her husband to come home.
Aurelius is a poor man and he falls in love with Dorigen. He asks her to his garden, but
she never goes with him. One day they go on a ship. There Dorigen promises to visit
Aurelius after he takes away all the water from the sea. Aurelius meets a magician and
asks for his help.
Arveragus comes home, but Dorigen is only happy for a short time. The next day there
are no ships in the sea. She tells her husband about her promise. ‘You mustn't go to
Aurelius,’ he says. When Dorigen tells Aurelius about her husband, he feels bad. ‘Go to
my bed,’ he tells her. Then Aurelius tells the story to the magician, and the magician
takes money from Aurelius for his help
WORD WORK
Complete the sentences on page 39 with words from the sea. a The .A2J!C/O/. took some interesting things out of his hat.
b They had a nice with lots of good things to eat in the country.
c He felt without his wife and children
d His wasn't very good but she laughed at it.
e The ship hit some ....... and began to go down
GUESS WHAT
There are many more Canterbury Tales. Match the summaries with the pictures.
a Constance has lots of problems, but she’s always OK in the end.
b Two students from Oxford play jokes on a bad miller.
e Some bad people kill a young boy after he sings a song.
d_ A student falls in love with the wife of a foolish man
Ahen’s husband tells people about bad things that are going to happen.
iller’s Story The Reeve’s Story
LOO
39 au(xaaew Planning a film
1 Read a character card for a
film of The Knight’s Tale.
Which character is it for?
Name:
age: 19 or 20
build: tall, thin
looks: fair hair, beautiful
character: nice, friendly
Notes:
Hippolyta’s sister
Arcite and Palamon are in love with her
2 Complete the character card marries Palamoniinl tena
for Palamon.
Name: Palamon
age: early 20s
build: ————— ———~
looks: __—_—— > ——_ a
character: __—— ? >
Notes:
good ————
Arcite’s ————
becomes Theseus’s ————= 3 Make cards for the other main characters
in the story.
Name: Theseus
age: ————
_ =
build: ———’ __
looks: _——as =
character: aa
Notes:
Nee Oe
—_
——
Nam
age:
build:
looks:
character:
Notes:
Name: Arcite
age;
build: =e
looks: ___aa
character: —___
Notes:
4 You want to make a film of The Knight’s Tale.
Decide which actors and actresses are going to
play the main characters. Compare your ideas. ss
5 Choose a different Canterbury Tale. Make cards
for the main characters. Choose actors
and actresses to be in the film.
'e: Hippolyta au(xaam@ Describing a holy place
1 Read the texts below and match the events with the dates on page 43.
PRTC Return
BU a@renccir le a@r toast ETUC hea Coe ee OCU a at yall
Oren es ADE NOME Leelee aE Me amen e orem icone Reale On mren Cyne
In aa rota YO Least en ae ence ROE Tarts Oe Cae EL Sates meal
eee)
PER ere een Ts tael
Oita enw ster cea aa a
; F F De Coa em Berney
PN ened cei i RG mCCe cn me WA)
Peres ce a MUS y
pote ae eet
TO eLar te
(errant me Cie
The tomb of The Black Prince
— son of Edward III — is here.
Te died in 1376
important sight for tourists
S41 from all round the world.
aN The cathedral is famous for
its stained glass windows.
apicture of Dates Events
a 597
1 Building of Trinity Chapel
b 1070 2 People begin travelling to the cathedral
3 The cathedral burns down
© 1170
4 Building of the first cathedral begins
a Hes 5 Thomas Becket dies in the cathedral
f 1176 6 Chaucer begins writing The Canterbury Tales
7 Saint Augustine starts a Christian church in Canterbury
g 1576 8 First stained glass window
h 1386 8 The Black Prince dies
2 Use the notes to complete the text about the Alhambra on page 44.
em val il
Place: The Alhambra History
Description: large, beautiful palace 1248 - 1354 Building of Alhambra by
— gardens, fountains and courtyards Muslim king Mohammed Ibn Al-Ahmar
a Importance: once main Islamic centre 1492 Christian kings - Ferdinand and
"in Europe; home of Muslim kings for Isabella — take Granada from Muslim king
more than two hundred years 1516-1556 Charles V makes many changes ys
Geography: in Granada, south eastern 4° to buildings
Spain, on hill next to River Darro 1700-1746 Philip V builds Italian palace
: 2 1812 Napoleon nearly destroys Alhambra
4821Earthquake hits many buildings
1828 Rebuilding work starts
1832 Washington Irving writes ‘Tales
of the Alhambra’ in Granada
43 The Alhambra
The Alhambra in eee Mise i isa
beautiful It was the centre in Europe,
and the home of Muslim for over years.
King ...... ... Started the palace in
Building finished in 1354. The palace had green with lots of noisy
in them, beautiful open , and a mosque.
In 1492 the Ferdinand and Isabella took Granada and the
Alhambra from the king, Boabdil
: (1516 — 1556) made a lot of to the Alhambra buildings.
Later Philip V (1700 — 1746) built an there. In 1812
nearly destroyed it and in an earthquake hit many of the
buildings. Work to rebuild the Alhambra began in
wrote‘ of the "in Granada
in 1852. Many people were interested in the palace after they read the book.
Now more than 8,000 people from all round the world visit the Alhambra every day.
3 Find out about one of these places, or a holy place in your country. Write notes.
Place Description Importance Geography | History|
Mecca, Saudi Arabia
4 Use your notes to write about your holy place.
44 GRAMMAR CHECK
Present Continuous
We use the Present Continuous to talk about things happening now.
We make the Present Gontinuous with the verb be + the -ing form of the verb.
The Clerk's wearing dark blue.
When short verbs end in consonant + vowel + consonant, we double the final
consonant and add —ing.
begin — The Wife of Bath’s face is beginning to go red.
When verbs end in consonant + —e, we remove the e and add —ing.
take — The Merchant is taking his time over breakfast.
We put n’t (not) with the verb be to make the Present Continuous negative.
The landlord isn’t sitting. The pilgrims aren't standing.
1 Complete the text about the Canterbury pilgrims with the Present Continuous
form of the verbs in brackets.
In this picture five pilgrims a) Qe. sitting (sit) at the table in the Inn in
Southwark. They b) (have) something to eat and drink. The Wife of Bath
c) .. (talk) to the Franklin. She d)....... (put) up her hand and
she e)......... (smile). She f) (wear) a hat, and a red dress. The
Franklin g) (move) nearer to her, and he h) (laugh). The
landlord i) (stand) in front of the table. He j) (give) the
Merchant something to drink. The Knight and the Clerk k)..... * (look) down.
They I) (not smile). The Clerk m) (read) a book. A knife
Woo (sit) on the table in front of him. A little dog 0) -... (watch) the
pilgrims hungrily.
45 46
N
GRAMMAR CHECK
Going to Future
We make the going to future with the verb be + going to + the infinitive form.
We can use the going to future to talk about plans and intentions.
I'm going to be famous.
We can also use the going to future to make predictions.
They aren't going to win the war:
Imagine it is the night before the big fight in The Knight's Tale. Write predictions
with these words in the going to future.
Arcite / win / the fight ... Arcite’s going, +o. win. the
People / cry / Arcite’s name
Arcite’s horse / be / afraid
It / stand / on its back legs
Arcite / fall / from his horse
He / die
He / not / marry Emely
He / be / very famous
Palamon and Emely / marry
They / live / in Thebes
They / have / lots of children
They / not be / poor
ight.
a e) w
GRAMMAR CHECK
Past Simple: Yes/No questions and short answers
We use auxiliary verbs and be (main verb) In the short answer we re-use the
in Yes/No questions. auxiliary verb and be (main verb).
Did the Wife of Bath have five husbands? Yes, she did.
Was she happy with her poor young No, she wasn't. (was not)
husbands?
Do you remember The Wife of Bath’s Tale? Write short answers for the
questions about the story.
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
i
J
=
Was Tarquin one of King Arthur's knights? Yes, Ne, was,
Was he a good knight?
Did he treat Lucretia badly?
Did he kill her?
Did the knights of Camelot come to Arthur when he called them?
Could they find Tarquin quickly?
Did they kill Tarquin?
Was Arthur angry with Tarquin?
Did Guinevere say to Arthur, ‘Tarquin must die!"?
Did Guinevere ask Tarquin a question?
Could Tarquin answer her question at once?
Could he answer it after a year?
Were the young women in the forest ugly?
Was the old woman in the forest beautiful?
Were Tarquin and his wife happy in the end?
47 48
=
GRAMMAR CHECK
Past Simple: questions
In Past Simple questions most verbs take did + subject + the infinitive without to.
Where did King Walter live? Saluzzo.
What did his people think of him? They loved him.
The verbs be and can are different. With them, we put the subject
after the past verb to make past questions.
Why was he sad? Because he had no wife.
Where could he find a wife? In town.
Do you remember The Clerk of Oxford’s Tale? Write Past Simple questions for the
answers about the story. Use the words in brackets.
a tow did King Walter go into town?.. In dirty old clothes.
(how / King Walter / go into town)
b.. So his people couldn't recognize him.
(why / he / wear / these)
c Always to be obedient.
(what / Griselda / promise Walter)
d : gnnoseneoe LI)
(how many children / they / have)
e : seoseess Vera and Fidelio.
(what / be / their names)
f To a house far away
(where / Walter / take / them)
g .. When Vera was 16, and Fidelio was 14.
(when / be / Walter's last test of Griselda)
h eer secsseeess His ‘new wife’ and her brother.
(who / he / bring / home)
‘These are your children.’
(what / Walter / say / to Griselda)
i. voce -scs:s1-+. Walter stopped testing Griselda.
(how / the story / end) a
GRAMMAR CHECK
Past Simple: affirmative
With regular verbs we usually add —d/—ed to the infinitive without to.
The Merchant loved money. He talked about ships and the sea a lot.
With regular verbs that end in consonant + -y we change y to i and add -ed.
marry — He married a young wife.
Some verbs are irregular. You must learn their past forms.
wear — He wore rich red and yellow clothes.
Do you remember The Merchant's Tale? Complete the text about the story with
the Past Simple form of the verbs in brackets.
January a)... WS (be) a rich old man. He b)........ (live) in Pavia. He
c) (marry) a young woman. He d) (choose) May, a very young
woman for his wife. Damian e) (work) for January. He f) (fall)
in love with May when he )............ (See) her, and he soon h).. se. (feel) ill
because of it. May i) (go) and j) (visit) him. He k)..... (give)
her a short love letter and she |) (read) it. May and Damian m)
(be) soon in love, At about that time, January n).... ... (become) blind and very
jealous. May cannot do a thing without him. But she and Damian o) (want)
to kiss and hug. So one day Damian p) (wait) in a pear tree in the garden.
Later May q) (climb) up into the tree, too, for some pears for January. Then
suddenly — because the god Pluto r) (help) him — January s) -... (can)
see again, and he t) (see) his young wife up in the tree in Damian’s arms.
But with some help from the goddess Proserpina, May u).... ... (have) a quick
answer ready for him.
49 50
GRAMMAR CHECK
Time clauses with before, after, and when
before links a later action with an earlier action.
Before Dorigen married Arveragus, she promised always to think well of him.
Dorigen promised always to think well of Arveragus before she married him.
after links an earlier action with a later action.
After they married, Arveragus went away.
Arveragus went away after they married.
when links two actions close in time, where the
first action is the reason for the second action.
When Dorigen felt sad, she went down to the sea.
Dorigen went down to the sea when she felt sad.
We can put before, after and when clauses at the start of the sentence or at the end.
When we write the time clause first, we must use a comma.
Do you remember The Franklin’s Tale? Complete the sentences with before,
after, or when.
a Aurelius fell in love with Dorigen ,..4+¥-,.. he saw her from his window.
b Aurelius went for a number of walks by the sea he spoke to Dorigen
© he asked Dorigen to a picnic, she said ‘yes’
d Aurelius went to see a magician Dorigen joked about taking the rocks
away from the sea.
e Arveragus and Dorigen hugged and kissed Arveragus came back home.
f Arveragus came home, the rocks went from the sea.
g Dorigen had breakfast with her husband, Aurelius came to see her.
h Dorigen told her husband about her foolish promise, Arveragus said,
‘You must go to Aurelius!”
i Aurelius had a smile on his face he saw Dorigen’s sad face.
i Dorigen told Aurelius about her husband, Aurelius felt bad
k Dorigen went home ............ Arveragus said, ‘I'm going to bed!”
1 the magician visited Aurelius the next day, he asked for his money.
m The magician said, ‘Let's forget it!” he heard Aurelius’s story. ~
GRAMMAR CHECK
Past Simple: negative
In the Past Simple negative we use didn’t (did not) + infinitive without to.
Chaucer didn't watch TV.
The verb be has two past negative forms — wasn’t (was not) and weren't (were not).
Chaucer wasn't famous in those days. (singular)
His stories weren't on the radio. (plural)
Some of these sentences about England in Chaucer’s time are false. Correct
them.
People drove cars. ......,, People didn't drive cars...
People ate hamburgers.
People had telephones.
People saw films at the cinema
People wore hats.
People took photos with cameras.
People drank cola.
People rode horses.
There were lots of supermarkets. .
England was very expensive.
People went to different countries by plane.
zo sm me oe oe
51 || DOMINOES SE" |\
Read Dominoes for pleasure, or to develop language skills. Its your choice,
Each Domino reader includes:
© agood story to enjoy
integrated activities to develop reading skills and increase vocabulary
« task-based projects — perfect for CEFR portfolios
© contextualized grammar activities
Each Domino pack contains a reader, and an excitingly dramatized
audio recording of the story
If you liked this Domino, read these:
Macbeth
William Shakespeare
A dark, rainy day in Scotland, long ago. Returning from battle,
‘Macbeth and his fiend Banquo meet three witches.’Macbeth, the
king! they say, but Macbeth is not a king, he is just a simple soldier.
Macbeth and Banquo cannot forget the witches words, Soon
Macbeth is king, but his wife walks in her sleep at night, and
