220 Problems in Algebra

Author: Mohammad Jafari

[email protected]
Telegram channel : @jabr360

Telegram channel : @jabr360

1) Find all functions : � → � such that:

+ = + + ⋯+ + ∀ ∈ℕ .

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

2) Find all functions : ℝ → ℝ such that for all real numbers , :

+ = . +

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

3) Find all functions : � − { } → � such that:

= + ∀ , ∈ ℝ−{ }

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

4) Find all functions : → such that:

= ( ) ∀ ∈ℤ

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

5) Find all functions , : ℤ → ℤ such that:

= ( ) ∀ ∈ℤ

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

6) Find all functions : ℤ → ℤ such that:

= ( )+ ∀ ∈ℤ

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

7) Find all functions : ℚ → ℚ such that:

( + + + )= + ∀ , ∈ℚ

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

8) For all functions : ℝ → ℝ such that:

+ + = + + ∀ , ∈ℝ

Prove that is a bijective function.

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

Telegram channel : @jabr360

9) Find all functions : ℝ → ℝ such that:

+ + = + ( )+ ∀ , ∈ℝ

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

10) For all : ℝ → ℝ such that :

+ + = + + ∀ , ∈ℝ
Prove that = .

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

11) Find all functions : ℝ+ → ℝ+ such that, for all real numbers > > :

− = − . ( ).

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

12) Find all functions : ℝ → ℝ such that:

( + ) = + + + ∀ , ∈ℝ

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

13) Find all functions : ℝ+ ⋃{ } → ℝ+ ⋃{ } such that:

( + ) = + + ∀ , ∈ ℝ+ ∪ { }

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

14) Find all functions : ℝ → ℝ such that:

+ + = + + + ∀ , ∈ℝ

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

15) Find all functions : ℝ → ℝ such that:

( + )= + + + ∀ , ∈ℝ

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

16) Find all functions : ℝ → ℝ such that:

( + )= + + ∀ , ∈ℝ

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

Telegram channel : @jabr360

17) Find all functions : ℝ → ℝ such that:

i) ( + )= + ∀ , ∈ℝ
ii) + − = ∀ ∈ ℝ+
iii) The number of the elements of the set { ∣ = , ∈ ℝ } is finite.
(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

18) For all injective functions : ℝ → ℝ such that:

( + )= ∀ ∈ℝ
Prove that + is bijective.

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

19) Find all functions : ℝ → ℝ such that:

( + + )= + + ∀ , ∈ℝ

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

20) For all functions , , ℎ: ℝ → ℝ such that is injective and ℎ is bijective satisfying ( )=
ℎ ∀ ∈ ℝ , prove that is bijective function.

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

21) Find all functions : ℝ → ℝ such that:

+ = + + ∀ , ∈ℝ

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

22) Find all functions : ℝ+ ∪ { } → ℝ+ such that:

+�
+ = + ∀ , ∈ ℝ+ ∪ { }

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

23) Find all functions : ℝ+ ∪ { } → ℝ+ ∪ { } such that:

+�
( + )= + ∀ , ∈ ℝ+ ∪ { }

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

Telegram channel : @jabr360

24) For all functions : ℝ+ ∪ { } → ℝ such that :

i) + = + ∀ , ∈ ℝ+ ∪ { }
ii) The number of the elements of the set { ∣∣ = , ∈ ℝ+ ∪ { } } is finite.
Prove that is injective function.

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

25) Find all functions : ℝ+ ∪ { } → ℝ such that:

i) + + = + ∀ , ∈ ℝ+ ∪ { }
ii) The number of the elements of the set { ∣∣ = , ∈ ℝ+ ∪ { } } is finite.

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

26) Find all functions : ℝ → ℝsuch that:

i) + = + ∀ , ∈ℝ
ii) ∀ ∈ ℝ ; ∃ ∈ ℝ+
+
ℎ ℎ =

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

27) Find all functions : ℝ{ } → ℝ such that:

i) + = + ∀ , ∈ℝ
ii) The set { ∣ = − , ∈ ℝ} has a finite number of elements.

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

28) Find all functions : ℝ → ℝ such that:

( ( )+ + )= + + ( ) ∀ , , ∈ℝ

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

29) Find all functions : ℝ → ℝ such that:

+�
( + + )= − + + ∀ , , ∈ℝ

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

30) Find all functions : ℝ+ ∪ { } → ℝ+ ∪ { } such that:

+�
( + + )= − + + ∀ , , ∈ ℝ+ ⋃{ }

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

Telegram channel : @jabr360

31) (IRAN TST 2010) Find all non-decreasing functions : ℝ+ ∪ { } → ℝ+ ∪ { } such that:

+�
+ = − + ∀ , ∈ ℝ+ ∪ { }

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

32) Find all functions : ℝ+ ∪ { } → ℝ+ ∪ { } such that:

+ + = + ∀ , ∈ ℝ+ ∪ { }

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

33) Find all functions : ℚ → ℚ such that:

+ + = + ∀ , ∈ℚ

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

34) Find all functions : ℝ+ ∪ { } → ℝ+ ∪ { } such that:

+�
( + + )= − +� + ∀ , , ∈ ℝ+ ∪ { }

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

35) Find all functions : ℝ → ℝ such that:

( − )= − + ∀ , ∈ℝ

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

36) Find all functions : ℝ → ℝ such that:

− ( + )= + ( − ) ∀ , ∈ℝ

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

37) Find all functions : ℝ → ℝ such that:

− + = − + ∀ , ∈ℝ

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

38) Find all functions : ℝ → ℝ such that:

− + = + − ∀ , ∈ℝ

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

Telegram channel : @jabr360

39) Find all non-decreasing functions , : ℝ+ ∪ { } → ℝ+ ∪ { } such that:

= −

prove that and are continues functions.

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

40) Find all functions : { ∣ ∈ ℚ, > } → ℚ such that :

. + . = ∀ ∈{ ∣ ∈ ℚ, > }

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

41) Find all bijective functions : ℝ → ℝ such that:

( + + )= + ∀ , ∈ℝ

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

42) Find all functions : ℝ+ → ℝ+ such that:

+ + = + ∀ , ∈ ℝ+

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

43) Find all functions : ℝ+ ∪ { } → ℝ+ ∪ { } such that:

( + + )= + + ∀ , ∈ ℝ+ ∪ { }

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

44) Find all functions : ℝ+ ∪ { } → ℝ+ ∪ { } such that:

i) ( + + )= + + ∀ , ∈ ℝ+ ∪ { }
ii) =

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

45) Find all functions : ℝ+ → ℝ+ such that:

+ + = ∀ , ∈ ℝ+ , ∈ ℕ,

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

46) Find all functions : ℕ → ℕ such that:

− + + < ∀ ∈ ℕ,

Telegram channel : @jabr360

 (Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

47) Find all functions : {� ∣ � ∈ ℚ, � } → ℚ such that:

= . +

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

48) For all positive real numbers , , such that + + = prove that :
+ +
+ + + + + + + + +

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

49) For all positive real numbers , , such that + + = prove that :

∑√ ≦ , ∈ ℕ,
+ + √

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

50) For all real numbers , , ∈ , prove that:

+ + <
+ + + + + + + +
(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

51) For all positive real numbers , , prove that:

+ + <
+ + + + + +
(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

52) For all real positive numbers , , such that + <√ + prove that:
+ + + + √ + +
+ + < + +

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

53) For all real numbers , , such that and + + < prove that :
+ + + + + + +

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

�
54) For all real numbers < < <⋯< < prove that :
� + +…+ � + <

Telegram channel : @jabr360

 (Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

�
55) For all � ∈ , � = , ,…, prove that :

min{∑ � �. � + ,∑ � �+ . �} � + =�
= =

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

56) For all real numbers , , ∈ [ , ] prove that:

+ +
− − −

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

57) For all real numbers , , ∈ [ , ] prove that:

+ +
− − −

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

58) For all real positive numbers , , prove that:

+ +
+ + + + + +
(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

59) For all positive real numbers such that = prove that:

+ +
√ + √ + √ +
(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

60) For all positive real numbers , , such that + + = prove that:

+ + + + +
√ + √ + √ + √ + √ + √ +
(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

61) For all positive real numbers , , such that + + = prove that:

+ +
√ + √ + √ + √
(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

Telegram channel : @jabr360

62) For all positive real numbers , , such that + + = prove that:

+ +
√ + √ + √ + √
(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

63) For all positive real numbers , , such that + + = prove that:

+ +
+ + + + + +
(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

64) For all positive real numbers , , prove that:

+ + + + + +
+ + + +
+ + + + + + + + + + + +
(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

65) For all positive real numbers , , prove that:

+ + + + + +
+ +
+ + + + + +
(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

66) For all positive real numbers , , prove that:

+ + + + + +
+ +
+ + + + + +
(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

67) For all real numbers , , ∈ , prove that:

+ +
+ + + + + + + +
(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

68) For all positive real numbers , , such that + + + + + = prove that:
+ + +
+ + + +

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

Telegram channel : @jabr360

69) For all positive real numbers , , such that + + + + + = prove that:
√ + + + + +

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

70) For all positive real numbers , , prove that:

∑ ∑
+ +

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

71) For all positive real numbers , , prove that:

+
∑ ∑ ∑
+ +

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

72) For all positive real numbers , , prove that:

∑ ∑ ∑
+ + + +
(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

73) For all positive numbers , , prove that :

∑ ∑ ∑ ∑
+
(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

74) For all ∈ℕ � = , ,…, such that ≠ ,prove that:

+
+ + ⋯+
+ +⋯+

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

75) For all ∈ℕ prove that :

−
( − !) − ( − !) −
+ +⋯+ < + + ⋯+

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

Telegram channel : @jabr360

76) For all positive real numbers , , such that + + = prove that:

∑
+ +

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

77) For all positive real numbers , , such that + + = prove that:

∑
+ + + +

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

78) For all positive real numbers , , such that √ + √ + √ = + + prove that:

min{ , , }
+ + +
(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

79) For all positive real numbers , , such that + + = , ∈ ℕ prove

that:

min { , , } , ∈ℕ
+ + +

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

80) For all positive real numbers , prove that:

+ +
∑ − − −
∈ℕ
+ +⋯+

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

81) For all positive real numbers , , prove that:

+ +
∑ − −
( + )( + )… +

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

82) For all positive real numbers , , such that + + = prove that:
+ + +

+ + < .
+ + +

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

Telegram channel : @jabr360

83) Find minimum real number such that for all real numbers , , :
∑√ + + + ∑ +∑

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

84) (IRAN TST 2011) Find minimum real number such that for all real numbers , , , :
∑√ + + + + + + + + +

(Proposed by Dr.Amir Jafari and Mohammad Jafari)

85) For all positive real numbers , , prove that:

∑ + + ∑
+ ∑ +
∑ + + ∑

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

86) For all real numbers , , prove that:

+ +
∑ ∑
+ +
(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

Telegram channel : @jabr360

87) Find all polynomials and with real coefficients such that:

∑[ −� . −�− . −�− ] . − ∀ ∈ℝ
=

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

88) Find all polynomials and such that:

i) ( )= ( ) ∀ ∈ℝ
ii) − , − ∀ ∈ℝ

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

89) Find all polynomials and such that:

i) ∀ ∈ℝ ∶ >
ii) ∀ ∈ℝ ∶ . − = − .

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

90) Find all polynomials and such that:

+ = − . . ∀ ∈ ,√

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

91) The polynomial is preserved with real and positive coefficients. If the sum of its
coefficient's inverse equals 1, prove that :
4
. ∑√
=

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

92) The polynomial is preserved with real and positive coefficients and with degrees of .
If the sum of its coefficient's inverse equals 1 prove that :
+
√ +

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

93) The polynomial is increasing and the polynomial is decreasing such that:
( )= ( )+ ∀ ∈ℝ
Show that there is ∈ ℝ such that:
= =

Telegram channel : @jabr360

 (Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

94) Find all polynomials such that for the increasing function : ℝ+ ∪ { } → ℝ+
( )= ( )+ , =

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

95) Find all polynomials such that, for all non zero real numbers x,y,z that + =
ℎ :

+ =

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

96) is an even polynomial = − such that ≠ .If we can write as a

multiplication of two polynomials with nonnegative coefficients, prove that those two
polynomials would be even too.

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

97) Find all polynomials such that:

+ − + − + = ∀ ∈ℝ

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

98) If for polynomials and that all their roots are real:
� ( )= �
Prove that there is polynomial � such that =� .

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

99) For polynomials and :[ + ]=[ + ]

Prove that: � = .

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

100) For polynomials � and with the degree of more than the degree of the
polynomial , we have :

[ ]=[ ] ∀ ∈{ ∣ ≠ , ∈ ℝ+ }

Prove that: = .

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

Telegram channel : @jabr360

101) The plain and desert which compete for breathing play the following game :
The desert choses 3 arbitrary numbers and the plain choses them as he wants as the
coefficients of the polynomial … + ⋯ + ⋯ .If the two roots of this polynomial are
irrational, then the desert would be the winner, else the plain is the winner. Which one has
the win strategy?

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

102) The two polynomials and have an amount in the interval [ − , ] ∈ℕ

for ∈ [ , ].If is non-increasing such that: ( )= ,prove that there is ∈
[ , ] such that = .

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

Telegram channel : @jabr360

103) Solve the following system in real numbers :
+ =
{ + =
=
(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

104) Solve the following system in real numbers :

=
+
=
+

{ =
+
(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

105) Solve the following system in positive real numbers : , ∈ℕ

+ + =
{
+ − =

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

106) Solve the following system in real numbers :

= − +
{ = − +
= − +
(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

107) Solve the following system in real numbers :

= + + +
{ = + + +
= + + +
(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

Telegram channel : @jabr360

108) Solve the following system in real numbers :
. � + = � . �
{ . � + = � . �
. � + = � . �

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

109) Solve the following system in real numbers :

+ . + . + =
{
+ + . + + . + + =

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

110) Solve the following system in real numbers :

+ = +
{ + = +
+ = +
(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

111) Solve the following system in positive real numbers :

( + )( + ) = +

( + )( + ) = +

{( + ) ( + ) = +

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

�
112) Solve the following equation for ∈ , :
√
+√ � +√ = +√ +√
� √

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

113) Find all functions , : ℝ+ → ℝ+ in the following system :

+ − + − = + ∀ , , ∈ ℝ+
{
− + + = + + − − ∀ , , ∈ ℝ+

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

Telegram channel : @jabr360

114) Solve the following system in real positive numbers :
− + + = + +
{ − + + = + +
− + + = + +
− + + = + +
(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

115) Solve the following equation in real numbers :

+ + =
+ + +

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

Telegram channel : @jabr360

116. (Iran TST 2013) Find all functions , : ℝ+ → ℝ+ such that:

( + + )= + + ∀ , ∈ ℝ+
{
( + + )= − + + ∀ , ∈ ℝ+

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

117. Find all functions : ℝ+ → ℝ+ such that:

+ + = + + ∀ , ∈ ℝ+

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

118. (Iran TST 2012) is a polynomial of degree ∈ ℕ and with real positive coefficients.
Find all functions : ℝ → ℝ+ such that:
+

+ + = + + ∀ , ∈ ℝ+

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

119. (Longlist 2012) Find all functions : ℝ+ ⟶ ℝ+ such that :

+ + = + + ∀ , ∈ ℝ+

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

120. For the function : ℝ+ → ℝ+ such that:

( + + )+ ( + + )= ( )+ + ∀ , , ∈ ℝ+

Prove that the function is injective.

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

121. Find all functions : ℝ+ → ℝ+ such that:

( + + )+ ( + + )= ( )+ + ∀ , , ∈ ℝ+

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

122. Find all functions : ℝ+ → ℝ+ such that:

( + + )+ ( + + )= ( )+ + ∀ , , ∈ ℝ+

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

Telegram channel : @jabr360

123. Find all surjective functions : ℝ+ → ℝ+ such that:

( + )+ + = + ∀ , ∈ ℝ+

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

124. Find all functions , : ℝ+ → ℝ+ such that is injective and:

+ = + ∀ , ∈ ℝ+

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

125. Find all functions , : ℝ+ → ℝ+ such that is injective and we have:

+ = + + ∀ , ∈ ℝ+

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

126. Find all functions , : ℝ+ → ℝ+ such that is injective and we have:

+ + = + + ∀ , ∈ ℝ+

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

127. Find all functions , : ℝ+ ∪ { } → ℝ+ ∪ { } such that is injective and we have:

+
+ = + ∀ , ∈ ℝ+ ∪ { }

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

128. Find all injective functions : ℝ+ ∪ { } → ℝ+ ∪ { } such that for all surjective functions , ℎ: ℝ+ ∪
{ } → ℝ+ ∪ { } we have:

( )+ ℎ
( +ℎ )= + ( ) ∀ , ∈ ℝ+ ∪ { }

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

129. Find all functions : ℝ → ℝ such that:

( + + )= + − + + ∀ , , ∈ℝ

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

130. Find all functions : ℝ+ → ℝ+ such that:

Telegram channel : @jabr360

 ( + + )= − + + ∀ , , ∈ ℝ+

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

131. Find all functions : ℝ+ → ℝ+ such that:

+ + = − + + ∀ , ∈ ℝ+

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

132. Find all functions , : ℝ+ → ℝ+ such that for all positive real numbers and we have:

( + )= +
{
( + )= − + −

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

133. Find all functions : ℝ+ → ℝ such that for all positive real numbers , , that = , we have:

+
+ . + =( . ) +

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

134. is a polynominal with non-negative real coefficients and of degree ∈ ℕ and : ℝ → ℝ+.
Find all and such that:

= ( ). ( )+ ∀ , , ∈ℝ

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

135. is a polynomial with positive real coefficients. Find all functions : ℝ → ℝ+ such that:

. . = ( ). ( )+ ( ) ∀ , , ∈ℝ

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

136. Find all functions , : ℝ+ → ℝ+ such that:

( + + )= + + ∀ , ∈ℝ+
{
( + )= − + ∀ , ∈ℝ+

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

Telegram channel : @jabr360

137. Find all functions , : ℝ+ → ℝ+ such that:

( + + )= + + ∀ , ∈ℝ+
{
( + )= − + − ∀ , ∈ℝ+

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

138. Find all functions , : ℝ → ℝ such that:

( + + + )= + + ∀ , ∈ℝ
{
( + )= + − ∀ , ∈ℝ

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

139. Find all functions , : ℝ+ → ℝ+ such that:

( + + )= − + + ∀ , ∈ℝ+

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

140. Find all functions , : ℝ+ → ℝ+ such that:

+ + = + + ∀ , ∈ℝ+
{
− + = − + ∀ , ∈ℝ+

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

141. Find all functions , : ℝ+ → ℝ+ such that is a non-decreasing function and we have:

+ + + = + + + ∀ , ∈ℝ+
{
+ + + = + + ∀ , ∈ℝ+

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

142. Find all functions , : ℝ+ → ℝ+ such that:

− + + + = − + + ∀ , ∈ℝ+

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

143. Find all functions , : ℝ+ → ℝ+ such that:

+ = + ∀ , ∈ℝ+
{
+ = − + − ∀ , ∈ℝ+

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

Telegram channel : @jabr360

144. For the functions , : ℝ+ → ℝ+ such that for all positive real numbers we have:

( )= +
{
( )= −

Prove that the functions + , , , + , − are surjective.

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

145. Find all functions , : ℝ+ → ℝ+ such that:

+ + = + + + ∀ , ∈ℝ+
{
+ = − ∀ , ∈ℝ+

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

146. Find all functions , : ℝ+ → ℝ+ such that:

( + )= + + ∀ , ∈ℝ+
{ ( + )= + + ∀ , ∈ℝ+
=

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

147. Find all functions , : ℝ+ → ℝ+ such that:

+ = + + + ∀ , ∈ℝ+
{
+ = + + ∀ , ∈ℝ+

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

148. Find all functions , : ℝ+ → ℝ+ such that:

+ + = + + + ∀ , ∈ℝ+
{
+ = + + ∀ , ∈ℝ+

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

149. Find all injective functions , : ℝ+ → ℝ+ such that:

+ + + = + + ∀ , ∈ℝ+
{
+ = + ∀ , ∈ℝ+

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

Telegram channel : @jabr360

150. Find all non-decreasing functions : ℝ+ → ℝ+ such that:

+ + = + + ∀ , ∈ℝ+

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

151. Find all functions : ℝ+ → ℝ+ such that:

( + + + )= + + + + ∀ , , ∈ℝ+

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

152. For all functions : ℝ → ℝ such that:

+ + = + + ∀ , ∈ℝ

Prove that the functions are surjective.

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

153. Find all functions : ℝ+ → ℝ+ such that:

( + )= ( ) ∀ , ∈ℝ+

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

154. Find all functions : , +∞ → , +∞ such that:

( + )= ( + ) ∀ , ∈ , +∞

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

155. Find all functions : ℝ+ → ℝ+ such that:

= + ∀ , ∈ℝ+

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

156. Find all functions : ℝ+ → ℝ+ such that:

( . )= + . ∀ , ∈ℝ+

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

Telegram channel : @jabr360

157. is a polynomial of degree greater than two with positive real coefficients. Find all functions
: ℝ → ℝ+ such that:
+

( . )= + . ∀ , ∈ℝ+

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

158. For the functions , : ℝ+ → ℝ+ such that:

+ = + ∀ , ∈ℝ+
{
+ = + ∀ , ∈ℝ+

prove that:

= ∀ ∈ℝ+

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

159. Find all functions , , ℎ: ℝ+ → ℝ+ such that:

( + +ℎ )= + +ℎ ∀ , ∈ℝ+
{ (ℎ +ℎ )= + ∀ , ∈ℝ+
ℎ(ℎ + )= − ℎ + − ∀ , ∈ℝ+

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

160. For all functions : ℝ+ → ℝ+such that:

( + + )= − + + ∀ , ∈ℝ+

Prove that is an injective function.

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

161. Find all polynomials with real coefficients such that:

+ = + + + ∀ ∈ℝ

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

162. Find all polynomials with real coefficients such that:

+ = + + ∀ ∈ℝ

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

Telegram channel : @jabr360

163. Find all polynomials with real coefficients such that:

+ = + + + ∀ ∈ℝ

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

164. is a polynomial with positive real coefficients and and ℎ are non-constant polynomials
with positive real coefficients. Find all functions : ℝ → ℝ such that:

+ ( � ) = ( ). (ℎ ) ∀ ∈ℝ
{
=ℎ . ∀ ∈ℝ

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

165. � and are polynomials with real coefficients such that:

+ = .( ( )+ ) ∀ ∈ℝ
{ ∀
>

Prove that has at least one real root.

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

166. Find all polynomials with positive real coefficients and with real coefficients such that:

= .

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

Telegram channel : @jabr360

167) Final all functions f : R   R  such that:

f (x 4  2x 1)3  f (x 4  x 3  x)  f (x 4  x 3  x)2 (x  R  )

 

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

168) Final all functions f : R   R  such that:

f (x 4  2x 1)2n  f (x 4  x 3  1)2n 2  ...  1 f (x 4  x  2)2n 1  ...

 

 f (x 4  x  2)  (x  R  , n  N)
 

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

169) Final all functions f : R   R  such that:

f (x 4  5x2  2015)3   f (x 4  5x2  2015)    x 4  x2  1 (x  R  )

     

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

170) Final all injective functions f : R   R such that:

f (x)3  f (x)  f (x 4  5x2  2015)  f (x 4  5x2  2015)2 (x  R  )

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

 
171) Let g : R  R is an injective functions. Final all function f : R  R such that:

g(x)3  g(x)  f (x2  1)  f (x 2  8x  17) (x  R  )

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

172) Final all functions f : R  R such that:

f (x 3  3x  1)   f (x) 2   1397 (x  R)

   

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

Telegram channel : @jabr360

173) Let g(x) be a polynomial with real coefficients.

Final all functions f : R  R such that:

f (x g(x2))   f (g(x))2 1397 (x  R)

   

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

174) Let a,b be nature numbers. Find all functions f, g, h : N  N such that:

(a  b) f (h(m)  g(n))  a h(m)  b g(n) (m, n  N)

(a  b) g(f (m)  h(n))  a f (m)  b h(n) (m, n  N)

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

175) Let a,b be nature numbers. Find all functions f, g, h : N  N such that:

(a  b) f  h(n)  g(m)   h(n)2 g(m)2  a h(n)  b g(m)  (m, n  N)

5

(a  b) g  h(m)  f (n)   h(m)2 f (n)2  a h(m)  b f (n)  (m, n  N)

5

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

176) Let h :R  R be an injective functions. Final all functions h, f, g : R  R such that:

f (x)  h(x)2  h(x) (x  R)

f (x)  g(x 5  1)  g(3x) (x  R)

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

177) Final all functions f , g :N  N such that:

f  g(n)   n 13962017 (n  N)

g  f (n)   n  20171396 (n  N)

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

Telegram channel : @jabr360

178) Let f :N  N be an injective functions. Final all functions f, g : N  N such that:

 
f f  g  g(n)    n 1397 (n  N)

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

179) Final all functions f , g :N  N such that:

f  g  g(n)   1  n  2018 (n  N)

g  f  f (n)   1  n 1396


(n  N)

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

180) Final all functions f :R   R  such that:

f (x  f (x)  y)  x  f (x)  3y  2f (y) (x, y  R  )

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

181) Let a,b,c be positive real numbers such that a  b  c and f :R   R  be a non- decreasing

function. Final all functions f , g :R   R  such that:

f  (a x  b g(x)  (a  b)g(y)   bx  a g(x)  c g(y)  (a  b  c)y (x, y  R  )

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

182) Final all functions f , g :R   R  such that:


f (x  y)  g(x).g(y)  g(y).g(x) (x, y  R  )

2 2


g(x  y)  f (x).f (y)  f (y).f (x)
2 2 (x, y  R  )

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

183) Final all functions f , g :R  R such that:

    f f  x  3y   xy
f x  3y  g xy3 (x, y  R  )

g  x  3y  f  xy    g  g  x  3y    xy
3

3 3
(x, y  R  )

Telegram channel : @jabr360

 (Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

184) Final all functions f :R   R  such that:

f  x  2f (x)  3y   f (3x)  y  2f (y) (x, y  R  )

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

185) Final all functions f , g :R   R  such that:

g  f (x)  y  g(y)   f (x)  2g(y) (x, y  R  )



f  g(x)  f (2y)   g(x)  y  g(y) (x, y  R  )

f (1)  g(1) 1

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

186) Final all functions f , h :R   R  such that:

f  x  f (x)  h(2y)   f (2x)  h(y)  f (y) (x, y  R  )



h  f (x)  h(y)  f (y)   f (x)  f (y)  y (x, y  R  )

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

187) Final all functions f , g :R  R such that:

f  f (x)  g(x)  f (y)  y   x  f (x)  g(y)  y (x, y  R  )



g  f (x)  g(x)  f (y)  y   x  g(x)  f (y)  y (x, y  R  )

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

 
188) Final all functions f , h :R  R such that

g(x) is an injective function and we have:

f  g(x)  g(2y)   g(x)  3f (y)  y (x, y  R  )



g  2f (x)  2g(y)   3f (x)  x  g(2y) (x, y  R  )

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

Telegram channel : @jabr360

189) Final all functions f :R   R  such that:

f  f (x)  2y   f (2x  y)  2y (x, y  R  )

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

190) Final all functions f , g :R   R  such that:

f  x  g(x)  y   g(x)  f (x)  f (y) (x, y  R  )



g  x  f (x)  y   f (x)  g(x)  g(y) (x, y  R  )

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

191) For all functions f , g :R   R  such that:

f  g(x)  y   f (x)  g(y) (x, y  R  )



g  f (x)  y   g(x)  f (y) (x, y  R  )

f (1)  g(1)

Prove that: f (x)  g(x) (x  R  )

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

192) Let x , y , z be positive real numbers. Prove that:

  
x 3y y3z z 3x 3
x 4  y4 y4  z 4 z4  x 4 2

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

193) Let x , y , z be positive real numbers. Prove that:

  
x3 y3 3 z3
x 6  y2  1 y6  z2  1 z6  x2  1 2 2

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

Telegram channel : @jabr360

194) Let a , b , c be positive real numbers such that abc=1 . Prove that:

  2
c a b
b(a  bc  2) c(b  ac  2) a(c  ab  2)

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

195) Let a , b , c , d be positive real numbers such that 0  2b  a, 0  2c2  b 2 , 0  2d 4  c 4 . Prove

that:

(2b  a) (2c2  b2) (2d4  c4) 

d8
a

196) Find minimum real numbers K such that for all real numbers n  a , b , c  n 1 we have:

(b  c) (a  1) (c  a) (b 1) (a  b) (c  1)
   0 and n is a natural number.
bck ca k a bk

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

 
197) Let a , b , c be positive real numbers Prove that:

4abc(a  b) (b  c) (c  a)  max a 3 (b  c) 3 , b 3 (c  a) 3, c 3 (a  b) 3

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

198) Let a , b , c be nonnegative real numbers such that:

(a + b) (b + c) (c + a) = 2

if a  b  c 2then prove that:

a  b  c  a 3  b 3  c3

and if a  b  c 2then prove that:

a  b  c  a 3  b 3  c3

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

Telegram channel : @jabr360

199) Find minimum real number K such that for all real numbers a,b,c we have:

a d bd cd   a  d 2 bd cd 

2
   k     
  b  c   
2

bc c a a  b  ca  a b 

 

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

200) For all nonnegative real numbers a,b,c,d such:

that a  b  c  d 2 Prove that

(a  c)2 (b  d)2  a  b  1 c  d  1
  4  4  
ad  bc ac  bd  c  d  1 a  b  1

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

201) For all positive real numbers a,b,c,d,x,y and z such that:

a b bc ca
    
2x 2y 2z
bc ca a  b c a b

Prove that:

 x z 
3 3  3  3    a  b  c  (   )
y 1 1 1
 2a 2b 2c  a b c

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

202) Let a , b , c be positive real numbers. Prove that:

  2
a b c
a 3  b3 b 3  c3 c3  a 3
  
3 c 3 a 3 b
2 2 2 2 2 2

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

203) Let a , b , c be positive real numbers such that a  b  c  3 prove that:

8 8 8

  
a10 b10 c10 3
a 8  3 b 8  3 c8  3 4abc

Telegram channel : @jabr360

 (Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

204) Let a , b , c2, 3 be real numbers. Prove that:

972 a2 (2b3  c3)  b2(2c3  2a 3)  c2(2a 3  2b3)  a(b  c)3

b(c  a)3  c(a  b)3  0

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

205) For all positive real numbers a,b,c,d such that:

   1
1 1 1 1
ab bc cd da

Prove that:

(abcd  16)  8 (a  c) (  )  8 (b  d) (  )
1 1 1 1
a c b d

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

Telegram channel : @jabr360

Elementary problemes

206) Final all functions f, g : R   R  such that:

f(x+y) + g(x-y) = f(4y) ( x, y  R  , x  y)

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

207) Final all functions f, g : R  R such that:

f(2x+y) = f(x) + x + g(y) ( x, y  R)

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

208) Final all functions f, g : R  R such that:

f(2x+y) = f(x) + 2y - g(y) ( x, y  R)

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

209) Final all functions f, g : R   R  such that:

f(x-f(y)) + g(x-f(y)+y) = f(2y) ( x, y  R  )

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

210) Final all functions f, g : R  R such that:

f(x+f(x)+2y) = x + f(f(x)) + f(2y) ( x, y  R)

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

211) Final all functions f : R   R  such that:

f(x + y) = f(x) + f(y) + x2 + y2 ( x, y  R  )

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

 
212) Final all functions f : R  R such that:

f(xy) = f(x) + f(y) + x2 + y2 ( x, y  R  )

Telegram channel : @jabr360

 (Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

213) For all functions f : R   R  such that:

f(x + y) = 2f(x) - x + f(f(y)) ( x, y  R  )

Prove that f(x) is an injective function.

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

214) For all functions f : R   R  such that:

f(x + 2f(x) + f(3y)) = 3f(x) + (y) + 2f(y) ( x, y  R  )

Prove that f(x) is an injective function.

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

215) For all functions f : R   R  such that:

f(3x + f(y)) = f(2x) + x + 2f(y) - y ( x, y  R  )

Prove that f(x) is an injective function.

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

216) For all functions f : R   R  such that:

f(3xy) = 2f(xy) + xf(y) ( x, y  R  )

Prove that f(x) is an injective function.

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

 
217) For all functions f : R  R such that:

f(f(3x) + 3f(y)) = x + 2f(x) + f(3y) ( x, y  R  )

Prove that f(x) is an injective function.

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

Telegram channel : @jabr360

218) For all functions f : R   R  such that:

f(f(x) + f(y)) = f(2x) – f(x) + f(2y) – y ( x, y  R  )

Prove that f(x) is an injective function.

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

219) For all functions f : R   R  such that:

f(x + 2f(x) + 2y) = 3f(x) + y + f(y) ( x, y  R  )

Prove that f(x) is an injective function.

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

220) For all functions f,g : R   R  such that:

f(x + g(x)) = 3x - g(x) ( x, y  R  )

Prove that f(x) + g(y) and f(x) + x are surjective functions.

(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)

Telegram channel : @jabr360