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Numerical Modeling of A UHF Rfid Tag

This document summarizes a numerical simulation of a UHF RFID tag. [1] The tag operates at 915 MHz and is modeled using perfect electrical conductors and lossless materials. [2] A lumped port is used to excite the tag and evaluate the input impedance of the meander line antenna. [3] Results show the electric field is confined along the meander line and impedance matching strip, the radiation pattern resembles a half-wave dipole antenna, and the tag impedance is 18+j124 Ω with power reflection coefficient below -15 dB.

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Rahim Karim
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44 views5 pages

Numerical Modeling of A UHF Rfid Tag

This document summarizes a numerical simulation of a UHF RFID tag. [1] The tag operates at 915 MHz and is modeled using perfect electrical conductors and lossless materials. [2] A lumped port is used to excite the tag and evaluate the input impedance of the meander line antenna. [3] Results show the electric field is confined along the meander line and impedance matching strip, the radiation pattern resembles a half-wave dipole antenna, and the tag impedance is 18+j124 Ω with power reflection coefficient below -15 dB.

Uploaded by

Rahim Karim
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Numerical Modeling of a UHF

RFID Tag

Course No: EEE 4518


Name: Reduan Ahmed Tanim
ID: 160021110
Lab Group: B2
Project Group: RFID tag Design
Introduction
UHF RFID tags are widely used for identifying and tracking animals. This example simulates a passive radio-
frequency identification (RFID) tag for the UHF frequency range.

With respect to the chip transponder’s complex impedance, a reflection coefficient is computed. This is done using an
approach that differs from the conventional scattering parameter analysis method by a real reference impedance
value.

Figure 1: The RFID tag’s geometry consists of copper traces patterned on an FR4 board that is enclosed by a low
dielectric PTFE case. The surrounding air domain and perfectly matched layers, which are required for the
simulation, are not included in this figure.

Model Definition
In this example, the RFID tag’s operating frequency is 915 MHz. At this frequency, the metal part of the RFID tag can
be modeled as a perfect electrical conductor (PEC), because while the copper traces patterned on the FR4 board are
geometrically very thin, they are much thicker than the skin depth.

The entire circuit board is inserted inside a lossless PTFE casing. The tag is modeled in a spherical air domain, which
is enclosed by perfectly matched layers (PML) that absorb all outgoing radiation from the tag.
A lumped port with a reference impedance of 50 Ω is used on the location of an RFID chip. This is done to excite the
tag and evaluate the input impedance of the tag’s antenna part, which is modeled as a meander line. An additional
copper strip is placed adjacent to the meander line to control the impedance.

The conventional S-parameter works well only with a real reference impedance. However, the RFID chip's
impedance is complex and the calculated S-parameter is not physical when a complex port reference impedance is
used.

In Ref. 1, the power wave reflection coefficient term is introduced. It is applicable for evaluating the matching
properties of an RFID tag:
where Zl is the complex load impedance and Zref is the complex reference impedance.

Results and Discussion


Figure 2 shows the default E-field norm on the xy-plane. The field distribution plot indicates that the electric field is
symmetrically confined along the meander line, as well as in the area between the meander line and impedance
matching strip.

The far-field radiation pattern of the tag is shown in Figure 3. Noticeably, the tag's radiation pattern looks very similar
to the radiation pattern of a half-wave dipole antenna.

The evaluated impedance of the tag is around 18 + j124 Ω and the power wave reflection coefficient, in dB, is below
−15 dB.

The E-field norm

Figure 2: The E-field norm plot shows where the field is strongly confined in the tag. Figure 3:
Far Field radiation patter (2D)

The E-plane radiation pattern resembles that of a dipole antenna.

Far Field radiation patter (3D)

Figure 3: The far-field radiation pattern resembles that of a half-wave dipole antenna.

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