CHAPTER 6

TRIANGLES

SYNOPSIS
➢ ELEMENTS OF A TRIANGLE :

B C

➢ The above figure shows a triangle ABC. The line segments AB, BC and CA are called
it’s sides. The angles A, B and C are called its interior angles or simply angles. The
points A, B and C are it’s vertices.
➢ The three sides and three angles are called the vertices of the triangle.

➢ CONGRUENCE OF A TRIANGLE :

1) Congruent triangles are equal in all respects ie they are the exact duplicate of each
other.
2) If two triangles are congruent then any one can be superposed on the other to cover
it exactly.
3) In congruent triangles , the sides and the angles which coincide by superposition are
called corresponding sides and corresponding angles.
4) The corresponding sides lie opposite to the equal angles and the corresponding
angles lie opposite to the equal sides.
5) The order of the letters in the names of congruent triangles displays the S
6) Thus when we write Δ ABC ≅ Δ PQR , it means that A lies on P , B lies on Q and C lies
on R ie ∟A = ∟P , ∟ B =∟ Q ,∟ C =∟ R and BC = QR , CA = RP , AB = PQ . Writing any
other correspondence ie Δ ABC ≅ Δ PRQ , Δ ABC ≅ Δ RPQ , etc. will be incorrect.
 ➢ CRITERIA FOR CONGRURENCE OF TRIANGLES
1) SAS axiom of congruency :
Two triangles are congruent if two sides and the included angle of one triangle are equal
to two sides and the included angle of the other triangle.
2) ASA CONGRUENCE RULE :
Two triangles are congruent if two angles and the included side of one triangle are equal
to two angles and the included side of the other triangle.
3) AAS CONGRUENCE RULE :
Two triangles are congruent if any two pairs off angles and a pair of corresponding sides
are equal.
4) SSS CONGRUENCE RULE :
Two triangles are congruent if the three sides of one triangle are equal to the three sides
of the triangle.
5) RHS CONGRUENCE RULE:
Two right triangles are congruent if the hypotenuse and one side of one triangle.

➢ SOME PROPERTIES OF TRIANGLES

1) A triangle in which lengths of two sides are equal is called an isosceles triangle.
2) The angles opposite to equal sides of an isosceles triangle are equal.
3) The sides opposite to equal angles of an isosceles triangle are equal.
➢ INEQUALITIES IN A TRIANGLE :
1) If two sides of a triangle are unequal, then the largest side has greater angle opposite
to it.
2) If two angles of a triangle are unequal, the greater angle has the longer side opposite to
it.
3) The sum of any two sides of a triangle is greater than the third side.
4) The difference between any two sides of a triangle is less than the third side.

➢ Of all the line segments that can be drawn to a given line from a point not lying on it,
the perpendicular line segment is the shortest.

A. MCQ Level
1. 1 If for a ABC and PQR , the correspondence BCA QRP is C
a congruence ,which of the following statements are correct

a) B Q b) C Q c) AB  QR d)
ACRQ
2. Let the correspondence YZX  RAP be congruence. Then ZX = U

a) RA b) AP c) RP d) none
In Δ ABC if A =36˚ and B = 64˚ ,find the longest side HOT

a) CA b) BC c) AC d)AB
3.

4. In ABC, BAC=40˚, and AB =AC, then ACB is HOT

a) 90 ˚, b) 100 ˚, c) 70˚ d) 130˚

5 In an isosceles ,ifA =100 ˚, and AB= AC ,then the measure of C
each equal angle will be

a) 60˚, 20˚ b) 40˚ , 40 ˚ c) 10 ˚ ,70˚ d)50˚ ,30˚

6 One of the base angles of an isosceles is of measure 50 ˚, find the C
measure of the vertical angle

a) 60 b) 70 c) 80 d) 90
7 The angles of a triangle are in the ratio 2:3:7. Find the measure of each U
angle of the triangle.

a) 30,45and 90 b) 30.45and105 c) 30,45 and 60

d) 60,75 and 90
8 In a ABC , if 2A =3B =6C, calculate the measure of A. U

a) 30 b) 60 c) 90 d) 75

9 In a ABC ,A+B = 65 and B+C = 140. Find the measure U
of each angle of triangle.

a) 45,30and 115 b)40, 25, and115 c) 40,30and 60

d)15,25and 45
In a ABC ,A - B = 33 and B - C = 18. Find the measure
10 of each angles of triangle.

a)85,28and 60 b)23,55and 77 c)88,55and 37

d)90,25and 56
 11 In a PQR, if P - Q = 42 and Q - R = 21 .findP HOT

a) 45  b) 65 c) 75  d) 95
12 The sum of two angles of triangleis 116˚ and their difference is Level
24˚. Find the measure of greatest angle of triangle.

a) 40  b) 60  c) 70 d) 80
13 Two angles of triangle are equal and the third angle is greater than C
each one of them by18˚.Find the measure of each equal angles.

a) 36  b) 54 c) 68  d)34 
14 In aABC, if  A = 90.Which is the longest side? U

a) AB b) BC c) CA d)none
15 In aABC, if A = B = 45 , name the longest side. U

a) AB b) BC c) CA d)none
MD

FILL IN THE BLANKS

1. Two figures are ___________ if they are of the same shape and of HOT
same size.

2. Two triangles are congruent if ___________ sides and the HOT

____________ angle of one triangle are equal to the
___________ sides and the included angle of another triangle.
3. ____________ opposite to equal sides of a triangle are equal. MD

4. In a triangle, the difference of any two sides is ____________ HOT

than the third side.

5. In a triangle, the sum of any two sides is ____________ than the U

third side.
 6. In a triangle, side opposite to larger angle is____________. HOT

7. In a triangle, side opposite to the smallest angle is____________

8. In a right angles triangle, hypotenuse is the _____________ side.

TRUE OR FALSE

1) Two circles of the same radii are congruent.

2) Angles opposite to equal sides of a triangle are unequal.

3) Each angle of an equilateral triangle is 60.

4) If three sides of one triangle are equal to three sides of another

triangle, then two triangles are congruent.

5) If in two right triangles, hypotenuse and one side of a triangle

are equal to the hypotenuse and corresponding side of another
triangle, then the two triangles are congruent.

A. Very Short Answer Questions (VSA) 1 Mark Level

1. 1 In triangle ABC and PQR, ∟ A = ∟ P and ∟ B = ∟ R . Which side of C
Δ PQR should be equal to side AC of ΔABC so that the two triangles
are congruent.
2. It is given that ΔABC ≅ ΔPRQ . If ∟A = 40˚ and ∟ C = 60˚ , then find the U
measure of ∟ R
3. In the adjoining figure, AB = AC. If ∟ACD = 115˚ , then find HOT
the measure of ∟A
A

B C D
4. In the adjoining figure AB = AC and BD = CD. Then find ratio of HOT
∟ABD : ∟ACD

B C

a. level
Short Answer Questions I (SA) 2 Marks
5. AB is a line segment and line l is it’s perpendicular bisector . C
If P is a point on l , show that P is equidistant from A and B

6. In the adjoining figure, PQ = PR and ∟Q and ∟R. Prove that C

(i) ΔPQS ≅ ΔPRT (ii) QS = RT

S
T

Q R

7. P is a point on the bisector of ∟ABC. If the line through P, is parallel to U

BA meets BC at Q, prove that ΔBPQ is an isosceles triangle.
 A
P

B
C

8. ABCD is a quadrilateral in which AB = BC and AD = CD. Show that BD U

bisects both the angles ABC and ADC
9. Line segment AB is  to another line segment CD.O is the midpoint U
of AD .Show that AOB DOC
10. In the adjoining figure, MN is parallel to QR. PQ = PR and ∟ LPN = 65˚.
Find the measure of ∟QPR

N 65˚ P M HOT

R Q

11. In the figure, bisectors of < B and< C of an isosceles HOT

triangle ABC with AB = AC intersect each other at O. BO is
produced to a point M. Prove that ∟MOC = ∟ABC

M
O

B C
 a. Short Answer Questions II (SA) 3 Marks Level

12. In the adjoining figure, BA ⊥ AC, DE⊥ DF such that BA = DE and BF = C

EC. Show that ΔABC ≅ Δ DEF A

C E
B F

D
13. D is a point on the side BC of ABC such that AD =AC .Show that U
AB>AD
14. In the given figure, it is given that AD=BC and AC=BD. Prove that U
 ADB =  BCA and  DAB =  CBA.
A B

D C

15. ABCD is a rectangle, X and Y are points on sides AD and BC respectively MD

such that AY= BX . Prove that BY = AX and < BAY = < ABX

Hint Δ ABX ≅ Δ BAY

16. Prove that the sum of lengths of altitudes of a triangle is less than the HOT
perimeter of the triangle.

17. In the given figure, it is given that BC = CE and  1 =  2. Prove HOT

that  GCB   DCE
 G D

C
1 2
B E
A F

18. In a quadrilateral ABCD , show that AB + BC + CD + DA < 2 ( AC + BD ) MD

19. l ∥ m and M is the midpoint of a line segment AB. Show that M is the HOT
midpoint of any line segment CD , having it’s endpoints on line l and line
m respectively.

Long Answer Questions (LA) 4 Marks Level

20. ΔABC is an isosceles triangle with AB=AC. Side BA is produced to U
D such that AB = AD. Prove that  BCD is a right angle.
D

B C

21.  ABC and  DBC are two isosceles triangles on the same base HOT
BC and vertices A and D are on the same side of BC. If AD is
extended to intersect BC at P, Show that.

(i)  ABD   ACD

(ii)  ABP   ACP
(iii) AP bisects  A as well as  D
(iv) AP is the perpendicular bisector of BC
22. In the adjoining figure , D is the midpoint of BC , DE and DF are HOT
perpendiculars to AB and AC respectively such that DE = DF . Prove that
ABC is an isosceles triangle.
A

B
C
D

23. In the figure given below, CDE is an equilateral triangle formed on a side HOT
of a square ABCD. Show that ADE ≅ BCE and hence, AEB is an isosceles
triangle.
A B

D
C

E
24. In the adjoining figure, ABC is a right triangle and right angled at B such MD
that ∟ BCA = 2 ∟BAC. Show that hypotenuse AC = 2BC

C D
B

25. In the adjoining figure, AB = AD, BAP = QAD and PAC = CAQ. Prove that MD
AP = AQ D
Q

A C

P
B

26. ABC is a right triangle and right angled at B such that ∟BCA = 2 ∟BAC. U

Show that hypotenuse AC = 2 BC.

Hint: Produce CB to a point D such that BC = BD and join AD
 ANSWERS (MCQ)

1.a 2.b 3d 4.c 5.b 6.c 7.b 8c 9 b 10.c 11.d 12 c 13. b 14.b 15 a

ANSWERS (FILL IN THE BLANKS)

1)Congruent 2)Two, included,two 3)Angles 4)Less 5)Greater 6)Larger 7)Smallest
8)Greatest

ANWERS(TRUE OR FALSE)
1)true 2)false 3)true 4)true 5)true

Triangles

Answers

1) AB = PR
2) ∟R = 80
3) ∟A = 50
4) 1: 1
5) Hint : Join P to A and B
6) ----
7) Hint :Extend PQ ║ BA
8) Hint : Join BD
9) Hint : Join A to C , B to D use properties of a parallelogram
10) ∟QPR = 50

11)Hint : Use isosceles triangle property and exterior angle property

18)Hint : Join AC and BD