Scribd
Upload
288 views

Mutations WS

This document discusses different types of mutations that can occur in DNA, including deletions, insertions, and substitutions. It provides examples of each type of mutation and how they would affect the corresponding mRNA and amino acid sequences. Specifically, it notes that deletions and insertions can cause frameshift mutations, while substitutions can result in missense, silent, or nonsense mutations depending on if and how the amino acid is changed. The document also discusses sickle cell anemia, which is caused by a point mutation that results in a single amino acid substitution, changing the shape of hemoglobin and red blood cells.

Uploaded by

Nixonia
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
288 views

Mutations WS

This document discusses different types of mutations that can occur in DNA, including deletions, insertions, and substitutions. It provides examples of each type of mutation and how they would affect the corresponding mRNA and amino acid sequences. Specifically, it notes that deletions and insertions can cause frameshift mutations, while substitutions can result in missense, silent, or nonsense mutations depending on if and how the amino acid is changed. The document also discusses sickle cell anemia, which is caused by a point mutation that results in a single amino acid substitution, changing the shape of hemoglobin and red blood cells.

Uploaded by

Nixonia
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 3

Mutations Worksheet Name Date: ________ Per.

_____

There are several types of mutation:


DELETION (a base is lost)
INSERTION (an extra base is inserted)
Deletion and insertion may cause what’s called a FRAMESHIFT, meaning the reading “frame”
changes, changing the amino acid sequence. This will not happen if it is in a multiple of three.
SUBSTITUTION (one base is substituted for another)
If a substitution changes the amino acid, it’s called a MISSENSE mutation.
If a substitution does not change the amino acid, it’s called a SILENT mutation.
If a substitution changes the amino acid to a “stop,” it’s called a NONSENSE mutation.

Complete the boxes below. Classify each as a deletion, insertion, or substitution AND as a
frameshift, missense, silent or nonsense.

Original DNA Sequence: T A C A C C T T G G C G A C G A C T


mRNA Sequence:
Amino Acid Sequence:

Mutated DNA Sequence #1: T A C A T C T T G G C G A C G A C T


What’s the mRNA sequence? (Circle the change)
What will be the amino acid sequence?
Will there likely be effects? What kind of mutation is this?

Mutated DNA Sequence #2: T A C G A C C T T G G C G A C G A C T


What’s the mRNA sequence? (Circle the change)
What will be the amino acid sequence?
Will there likely be effects? What kind of mutation is this?

Mutated DNA Sequence #3: T A C A C C T T A G C G A C G A C T


What’s the mRNA sequence? (Circle the change)
What will be the amino acid sequence?
Will there likely be effects? What kind of mutation is this?

Mutated DNA Sequence #4: T A C A C C T T G G C G A C T A C T


What’s the mRNA sequence? (Circle the change)
What will be the amino acid sequence?
Will there likely be effects? What kind of mutation is this?
Mutated DNA Sequence #5: T A C A C C T T G G G A C G A C T
What will be the corresponding mRNA sequence?
What will be the amino acid sequence?
Will there likely be effects? What kind of mutation is this?

1. Which type of mutation is responsible for new variations of a trait?


2. Which type of mutation results in abnormal amino acid sequence?
3. Which type of mutation stops the translation of the mRNA? ______________________________________________

Sickle Cell Anemia


Sickle cell anemia is the result of a type of mutation in the gene that codes for part of the hemoglobin molecule.

Recall that hemoglobin carries oxygen in your red bloods cells. The mutation causes the red blood cells to become

stiff and sickle-shaped when they release their oxygen. The sickled cells tend to get stuck in blood vessels,

causing pain and increased risk of stroke, blindness, damage to the heart and lungs, and other conditions.

Analyze the DNA strands below to determine what amino acid is changed and what type of mutation occurred.

Normal hemoglobin DNA C A C G T G G A C T G A G G A C T C C T C

Normal hemoglobin mRNA

Normal hemoglobin AA sequence

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Sickle cell hemoglobin DNA C A C G T G G A C T G A G G A C A C C T C

Sickle cell hemoglobin mRNA

Sickle cell hemoglobin

1. What type of mutation was this and how will it affect the protein?

There are several types of whole chromosomal mutations as well:


Deletion - A piece of a chromosome is destroyed, broken off, or lost.

Duplication - A segment of a chromosome is doubled.

Nondisjuction - This is the result of uneven division of chromosomes during meiosis. There are two outcomes…

When one fewer chromosome is present, it is called a monosomy.

When one extra chromosome is present, it is called a trisomy.

Translocation - Pieces of chromosomes break of and attaches to a different chromosome.

Mutation 1 Mutation 2

_________________________ _________________________

Mutation 3 Mutation 4

_________________________ _________________________

Mutation 5
Go to http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/basics/outcomes/ and choose a
trait to write about.
What is the trait, the protein, the DNA gene, the mutation?

How does the gene/mutation affect the trait?


_________________________

Is it a disease, a variation, or both? Why?

Answer the EQ: How does a difference in a gene’s DNA sequence (or
genotype) lead to a difference in an observable trait (or phenotype)?

You might also like