INTERNATIONAL IATG

AMMUNITION TECHNICAL 06.10

GUIDELINE
Second edition
2015-02-01

Control of explosives facilities

IATG 06.10:2015[E]
© UN ODA 2015
 IATG 06.10:2015[E]
2nd Edition (2015-02-01)

Warning
The International Ammunition Technical Guidelines (IATG) are subject to regular review and
revision. This document is current with effect from the date shown on the cover page. To
verify its status, users should consult the UN SaferGuard IATG project through the United
Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs (UNODA) website at:

www.un.org/disarmament/un-saferguard/.

Copyright notice
This document is an International Ammunition Technical Guideline and is copyright protected
by the United Nations. Neither this document, nor any extract from it, may be reproduced,
stored or transmitted in any form, or by any means, for any other purpose without prior
written permission from UNODA, acting on behalf of the United Nations.

This document is not to be sold.

United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs (UNODA)

United Nations Headquarters, New York, NY 10017, USA
E-mail: [email protected]
Tel: +1 917 367 2904
Fax: +1 917 367 1757

 UN 2015 – All rights reserved

i
 IATG 06.10:2015[E]
2nd Edition (2015-02-01)

Contents
Contents .................................................................................................................................................. ii
Foreword ................................................................................................................................................. v
Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ vi
Control of explosive facilities................................................................................................................... 1
1 Scope ............................................................................................................................................ 1
2 Normative references ................................................................................................................... 1
3 Terms and definitions ................................................................................................................... 1
4 Personnel employed in explosives facilities (LEVEL 2) ................................................................ 1
4.1 Training and supervision ......................................................................................................................... 1
4.2 Special conditions of employment (LEVEL 2) ......................................................................................... 2
4.2.1. Disabled personnel .......................................................................................................................................... 2
4.2.2. Young people .................................................................................................................................................. 2

4.3 Specific employment conditions (LEVEL 2) ............................................................................................ 2

5 Security ......................................................................................................................................... 3
5.1 Patrolling and guarding (LEVEL 1).......................................................................................................... 3
5.2 Control of entry (LEVEL 1) ...................................................................................................................... 3
5.3 Contraband (LEVEL 1)............................................................................................................................ 3
5.3.1. Example of a contraband notice....................................................................................................................... 3
5.3.2. Smoking materials and designated smoking areas (LEVEL 1) ......................................................................... 4
5.3.3. Firearms (LEVEL 1) ......................................................................................................................................... 4
5.3.4. Food and drink (LEVEL 1) ............................................................................................................................... 4
5.3.5. Battery powered devices (LEVEL 1) ................................................................................................................ 4

5.4 Searching of personnel (LEVEL 1).......................................................................................................... 4

5.4.1. Footwear ......................................................................................................................................................... 5

5.5 Magnetic therapy products (LEVEL 1) .................................................................................................... 5

5.6 Spark, flame or heat producing items (LEVEL 1) .................................................................................... 5
5.7 Lighting of fires (LEVEL 1) ...................................................................................................................... 5
5.8 Vehicle tracker devices (LEVEL 2).......................................................................................................... 6
5.9 Other controlled items (LEVEL 1) ........................................................................................................... 6
5.9.1. Vehicle radio key fobs (LEVEL 2)..................................................................................................................... 6

6 Estate management...................................................................................................................... 6
6.1 Site plans (LEVEL 1)............................................................................................................................... 6
6.2 Works services (LEVEL 2) ...................................................................................................................... 7
6.3 Surplus facilities (LEVEL 2) .................................................................................................................... 7
6.4 Roads and drainage (LEVEL 2) .............................................................................................................. 7
6.5 Railway lines (LEVEL 2) ......................................................................................................................... 7
6.6 Vermin control LEVEL 1) ........................................................................................................................ 7
6.7 Vegetation and crops (LEVEL 1) ............................................................................................................ 7
6.7.1. Control measures and a three area plan (LEVEL 1) ......................................................................................... 8
6.7.1.1. Area 1................................................................................................................................................... 8

ii
 IATG 06.10:2015[E]
2nd Edition (2015-02-01)

6.7.1.2. Area 2................................................................................................................................................... 8

6.7.1.3. Area 3................................................................................................................................................... 8
6.7.2. Site risk assessment (LEVEL 1)....................................................................................................................... 8

6.8 Control of trees and shrubs (LEVEL 1) ................................................................................................... 9

6.9 Cut vegetation (LEVEL 1) ....................................................................................................................... 9
6.10 Agriculture and agricultural chemicals (LEVEL 1) ................................................................................... 9
6.11 Livestock (LEVEL 1) ............................................................................................................................. 10
7 Fire and first aid .......................................................................................................................... 10
7.1 Fire (LEVEL 1) ...................................................................................................................................... 10
7.2 First aid equipment (LEVEL 1) .............................................................................................................. 10
8 Aircraft overflight (LEVEL 2) ....................................................................................................... 10
8.1 Helicopters (LEVEL 2) .......................................................................................................................... 10
9 Potential explosion sites (PES) .................................................................................................. 11
9.1 Cleanliness (LEVEL 1) .......................................................................................................................... 11
9.2 Action on vacating a PES (LEVEL 1) .................................................................................................... 11
9.2.1. Normal vacation............................................................................................................................................. 11
9.2.2. Temporary breaks.......................................................................................................................................... 11

9.3 Emergency evacuation ......................................................................................................................... 12

9.4 Thunderstorms (LEVEL 2) .................................................................................................................... 12
9.5 Tools, materials and equipment permitted in a PES (LEVEL 2)............................................................ 12
9.5.1. Articles in use list (AIU) .................................................................................................................................. 12
9.5.2. Tools and equipment ..................................................................................................................................... 13

10 Operations in PES ...................................................................................................................... 13

10.1 Explosive storehouses (ESH) and open bay storage (LEVEL 2) .......................................................... 13
10.2 Ready use ammunition (LEVEL 2) ........................................................................................................ 13
10.3 Captured enemy ammunition and foreign explosives (LEVEL 3) .......................................................... 14
10.4 Process buildings (LEVEL 3) ................................................................................................................ 14
10.4.1. Receipt and issue (R&I) bays......................................................................................................................... 14
10.4.2. Handling or testing of EED............................................................................................................................. 15

11 Storage ....................................................................................................................................... 15
11.1 Covered storage (LEVEL 2) .................................................................................................................. 15
11.2 Open storage (LEVEL 2)....................................................................................................................... 15
11.3 Explosive items ..................................................................................................................................... 16
11.4 Non-explosive items.............................................................................................................................. 16
11.5 Dangerous goods and explosive stores filled with dangerous goods (LEVEL 3) .................................. 16
11.5.1. Items excluded from UN Class 1 .................................................................................................................... 16

11.6 Ammunition and ammunition packaging (LEVEL 2) .............................................................................. 16

11.6.1. Examination of stocks before entry into a PES............................................................................................... 16
11.6.2. Serviceability of ammunition and its packaging .............................................................................................. 17

11.7 Commercial explosives and fireworks (LEVEL 2) ................................................................................. 17

11.7.1. Commercial explosives .................................................................................................................................. 17
11.7.2. Civilian fireworks ............................................................................................................................................ 17

iii
 IATG 06.10:2015[E]
2nd Edition (2015-02-01)

11.8 Experimental explosives (LEVEL 3) ...................................................................................................... 17

11.9 Special stores (LEVEL 3) ...................................................................................................................... 18
11.9.1. Gaseous tritium light source (GTLS) .............................................................................................................. 18
11.9.2. Depleted uranium (DU) .................................................................................................................................. 18

11.10 Isolation and segregation of stocks (LEVEL 3) ..................................................................................... 18

11.10.1. Fault and defect reporting .............................................................................................................................. 18
11.10.2. Isolated storage ............................................................................................................................................. 19
11.10.3. Segregated storage ....................................................................................................................................... 19
11.10.4. Isolated storage requirements – QD and CG ................................................................................................. 19
11.10.5. Disposal of isolated explosives ...................................................................................................................... 20

11.11 Rail and vehicle transit and staging facilities (LEVEL 2) ....................................................................... 20
11.11.1. Rail yards ...................................................................................................................................................... 20
11.11.2. Vehicles ......................................................................................................................................................... 20
11.11.3. Security ......................................................................................................................................................... 20

11.12 Storage conditions (LEVEL 3)............................................................................................................... 21

11.12.1. Chemical stability ........................................................................................................................................... 21
11.12.2. Temperature restrictions ................................................................................................................................ 21
11.12.3. Movement...................................................................................................................................................... 22
11.12.4. Temperature recording .................................................................................................................................. 22

11.13 Ventilation and relative humidity (RH) ................................................................................................... 22

12 Issuing of ammunition ................................................................................................................. 22
12.1 Stock turnover (LEVEL 2) ..................................................................................................................... 22
12.2 Prevention of deterioration of explosives (LEVEL 2) ............................................................................. 23
13 Underground storage (LEVEL 2) ................................................................................................ 23
13.1 General ................................................................................................................................................. 23
13.2 Stacking ................................................................................................................................................ 23
13.3 Repair and maintenance ....................................................................................................................... 23
13.4 Records ................................................................................................................................................ 23
13.5 Prohibited storage ................................................................................................................................. 23
13.6 Limitations in storage ............................................................................................................................ 24
13.7 Mechanical handling equipment (MHE) ................................................................................................ 24
13.8 Humidity ................................................................................................................................................ 24
13.9 Non-Explosive Dangerous Goods ......................................................................................................... 24
Annex A (normative) References .......................................................................................................... 25
Annex B (informative) References ........................................................................................................ 26
Annex C (informative) Suggested contraband notice (LEVEL 1) ......................................................... 27
Annex D (informative) EOD recoveries – storage and transport .......................................................... 28
Appendix 1 to Annex D (informative) UXO recoveries – classification list (LEVEL 3) .......................... 33
Annex E (informative) Ventilation – equipment and procedures (LEVEL 3) ........................................ 34

iv
 IATG 06.10:2015[E]
2nd Edition (2015-02-01)

Foreword
Ageing, unstable and excess ammunition stockpiles pose the dual hazards of illicit proliferation and
accidental explosion, which have caused destabilization and humanitarian disaster in all regions of
the world.

Crucial for adequate stockpile management is the identification of surpluses – that is, the portion of
weapons and ammunition that does not constitute an operational need. When surpluses are not
recognized, the entirety of the stockpile may continue to be seen as of operational value. Although
not used, weapons and ammunition surpluses thus continue to fill warehouses and can thus pose a
significant risk to safety and security.

Defective stockpile management has been assessed as the norm rather than the exception in
many countries. Often it is not only surplus stocks that should be the focus of attention, but the lack
of appropriate policy for stockpile management. Governments remain unaware of surpluses; their
national stockpiles remain a risk to public safety; and diversion from warehouses feed into crime
and armed violence.

In 2011, the United Nations developed the International Ammunition Technical Guidelines (IATG)
to ensure that the United Nations as a whole consistently delivers high-quality advice and support
in ammunition management. Many stakeholders, including international organizations, non-
governmental entities and national authorities, use these guidelines.

The IATG, along with other conventional ammunition issues, are managed through the United
Nations SaferGuard programme.

Taking into account the diversity in capacity of States, three levels of ascending
comprehensiveness are offered in the IATG, referred to as “risk-reduction process levels” (RRPLs).
These are indicated within each IATG as either LEVEL 1 (basic), LEVEL 2 (intermediate) or LEVEL
3 (advanced).

The aim of implementing partners should be to maintain stockpile management processes at RRPL
1 as a minimum. This will often reduce risk significantly. Ongoing and gradual improvements could
then be made to the stockpile management infrastructure and processes as staff development
improves and further resources become available. These additional actions would equate to
RRPLs 2 and 3.

The RRPLs are determined by calculating a weighted score of questions about a particular
ammunition stockpile. A checklist is available at: https://www.un.org/disarmament/un-
saferguard/risk-reduction-process-levels/.

The IATG are reviewed on a regular basis to reflect developing ammunition stockpile management
norms and practices, and to incorporate changes due to changing international regulations and
requirements. The IATG are also available in multiple languages.

The latest version of each guideline, together with practical IATG implementation support tools, can
be found at https://www.un.org/disarmament/un-saferguard/.

v
 IATG 06.10:2015[E]
2nd Edition (2015-02-01)

Introduction
Explosives facilities, by their very nature, present special hazards and these hazards must be
uppermost in the minds of those responsible for their administration and who work in them. This
IATG outlines the control regime that should be implemented in explosives facilities. It is strongly
recommended that the information contained in this IATG should be the minimum standard of
national technical authority regulations.

vi
 IATG 06.10:2015[E]
2nd Edition (2015-02-01)

Control of explosive facilities

1 Scope

This IATG introduces the principles and requirements for the routine control of activities within
ammunition and explosive areas and facilities during the storage, handling, processing and internal
transportation of ammunition and explosives.

2 Normative references

The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For
dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

A list of normative references is given in Annex A. Normative references are important documents
to which reference is made in this guide and which form part of the provisions of this guide.
A further list of informative references is given at Annex B in the form of a bibliography, which lists
additional documents that contain other useful information on the routine control of activities in
explosives facilities.

3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this guideline the following terms and definitions, as well as the more
comprehensive list given in IATG 01.40:2015[E] Terms, definitions and abbreviations, shall apply.

The term 'national technical authority' refers to the government department(s), organisation(s) or
institution(s) charged with the regulation, management, co-ordination and operation of conventional
ammunition stockpile management activities.

In all modules of the International Ammunition Technical Guidelines, the words 'shall', 'should',
'may' and 'can' are used to express provisions in accordance with their usage in ISO standards.

a) 'shall' indicates a requirement: It is used to indicate requirements strictly to be followed in

order to conform to the document and from which no deviation is permitted.

b) 'should' indicates a recommendation: It is used to indicate that among several

possibilities one is recommended as particularly suitable, without mentioning or excluding
others, or that a certain course of action is preferred but not necessarily required, or that (in
the negative form, 'should not') a certain possibility or course of action is deprecated but not
prohibited.

c) 'may' indicates permission: It is used to indicate a course of action permissible within the
limits of the document.

d) ‘can’ indicates possibility and capability: It is used for statements of possibility and
capability, whether material, physical or casual.

4 Personnel employed in explosives facilities (LEVEL 2)

4.1 Training and supervision

Before being employed in an explosives facility all personnel shall receive training, to a national
technical authority approved syllabus, on explosives safety, fire prevention, fire fighting and
security. This training shall be repeated at regular intervals, as laid down by the national technical
authority, for all staff members regardless of rank or position and shall be recorded.

1
 IATG 06.10:2015[E]
2nd Edition (2015-02-01)

In addition to the above, task-specific training shall be provided to personnel who operate
specialized equipment (cranes, forklifts, truck drivers, etc.,)

Personnel employed in an explosives facility shall work under strict supervision until they have
acquired a working knowledge of all safety requirements. This applies to anyone training to be an
1
explosives worker or an explosives area support worker. Any training within an explosives area
shall take place only when it cannot reasonably take place elsewhere. This training shall be the
subject of a risk assessment. Such training may include but not be limited to training in the
storage, handling, processing and inspection of explosives and explosives facilities.

Before entering an explosives area a trainee shall receive appropriate instruction on explosives and
explosives area safety. The number of trainees and other workers in the explosives area and their
5
distribution shall be controlled to take account of individual and societal risks.

Supervisors shall not oversee any task involving the handling, processing or storage of explosives
until such time as they are considered by the head of the establishment to be thoroughly familiar
with all the relevant regulations relating to the task.

4.2 Special conditions of employment (LEVEL 2)

4.2.1. Disabled personnel

Disabled personnel may be employed within an explosives facility and each case shall be
considered on its merits. The head of the establishment shall be satisfied that the nature of the
disability does not present an unacceptable risk. However within these parameters, and where
circumstances permit, disabled personnel may be employed.

A major consideration to consider regarding the hiring of a disabled person to work in an explosives
operation is their ability to evacuate, or to be evacuated, safely in the event of an explosive event
or other serious situation, and without putting others at risk.

4.2.2. Young people

Best practice and experience has shown that persons under the age of 18 years, or persons over
18 years when there is reason to suspect that they are immature or irresponsible, should not be
employed in, or permitted access to, any facility where explosives are stored or handled, except
under appropriate supervision. A person under the age of 16 years should not be employed in any
2
such facility.

There may also be national legislation that applies to the hiring of persons under 18 years of age to
perform hazardous operations.

4.3 Specific employment conditions (LEVEL 2)

Individuals employed to work in an explosives area shall be responsible and of sound mind. The
following shall not be employed to work in explosives areas:

a) persons addicted to excessive consumption of alcoholic liquors or to controlled substances;

and

1
See IATG 06.60:2015[E] Works services (construction and repair).

2
In line with the principles contained within United Nations General Assembly Resolution 263 Session 54, Optional
Protocols to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict and on the sale of
children, child prostitution and child pornography. 25 May 2000.

2
 IATG 06.10:2015[E]
2nd Edition (2015-02-01)

b) users of illegal substances.

5 Security3

5.1 Patrolling and guarding (LEVEL 1)

Explosives facilities should be patrolled in accordance with national technical authority regulations
and the requirements of IATG 09.10:2015[E] Security principles and systems. Each entrance to an
explosives area, except when closed and secured, shall be guarded by sentries who shall:

a) prohibit entry by unauthorised personnel and personnel disqualified by these guidelines;

b) scrutinise or search all personnel and personal vehicles before admitting them;

c) challenge personnel if they possess controlled articles or contraband as defined below; and

d) operate the control of entry system as described below.

5.2 Control of entry (LEVEL 1)

No one shall be permitted to enter an explosives facility during normal working hours unless he or
she produces a current official pass applicable to the area in question authorised by, or on behalf
of, the head of the establishment or has been specifically authorised to do so by the head of the
establishment in person. During non-working hours, no one shall be permitted to enter an
explosives facility unless he or she is specifically authorised to do so by, or on behalf of, the head
of the establishment. Such entry into explosives facilities shall be via recognised entrances only.
No person who shows signs of intoxication or drug abuse is to be allowed to enter an explosives
facility.

The head of the establishment shall ensure that a system for the mustering of all staff in the event
of an incident in the explosive area is in place. This system may take the form of a swipe card,
numbered disc, etc. The custody, issue and return of discs or the control of swipe cards shall be
strictly controlled and the building in which this function is carried out should be one that is unlikely
to be destroyed or seriously damaged in the event of a fire or explosion. The use of barricades for
protection should be considered. For small explosives facilities, for example a single potential
explosion site (PES) or small group of PES, consideration should be given for the adoption of this
or a suitable similar system such as a log book.

5.3 Contraband (LEVEL 1)

The entry of certain items into explosives facilities is strictly controlled. These are known as
controlled articles or contraband and are described below. Cases of doubt regarding the status of
a particular item shall be referred to the head of the establishment and if necessary the national
technical authority.

5.3.1. Example of a contraband notice

An example of such a notice is at Annex C. It shall be prominently displayed at all of the entrances
to all explosives facilities. This notice is to be produced locally to the required size as designated
by the head of the establishment or national technical authority.

3
Also see IATG 09.10:2015[E] Security principles and systems.

3
 IATG 06.10:2015[E]
2nd Edition (2015-02-01)

5.3.2. Smoking materials and designated smoking areas (LEVEL 1)

Smoking shall be strictly prohibited in an explosives area or PES except in places designated as
smoking areas. These areas are known as designated smoking areas (DSA) and shall operate as
required by the head of the establishment. All smoking and smoking related materials shall be
declared at the control building. Means of ignition, including the removable portions of car lighters,
shall be handed in. The owner may then take cigarettes or tobacco direct to the DSA. In order to
avoid taking means of ignition into the area, a non-removable electric cigarette lighter may be fixed
to the wall in the DSA.

Where such lighters are not provided, then the means of ignition shall be taken to and from the
DSA in a locked red box observing the appropriate requirements detailed below. A separate red
box shall be used to transport the smoking materials. The ‘Red Box’ containing smoking materials
should always be locked and the key shall be in the physical possession of a designated person.

5.3.3. Firearms (LEVEL 1)

Firearms are prohibited within an explosives area or facility with the following exceptions:

a) controlled weapons required in proof, test or trials facilities;

b) firearms carried by authorised personnel on guard, defence and operational duties, or for
authorised tactical exercises. Although these persons should normally patrol within a fenced
boundary area;

c) firearms held in authorised locations for rapid deployment of defence force personnel. The
keys for these weapons shall be held under secure arrangements, separate from the
explosives area keys; and

d) firearms used for sports shooting or vermin control, in organised events that have been
subjected to a formal risk assessment and which have been authorised by the head of the
establishment.

5.3.4. Food and drink (LEVEL 1)

No alcoholic drinks shall be taken into an explosives area. Food and non-alcoholic drinks may be
admitted subject to the prior approval of the head of the establishment. For reasons of hygiene
and health, the consumption of food or drink is not permitted inside a PES, and such items shall
only be consumed in designated locations.

5.3.5. Battery powered devices (LEVEL 1)

Battery powered devices of any description, including mobile telephones and MP3 players, shall
not be taken into an explosives facility unless specific authority has been obtained from the head of
the establishment and the requirements of IATG 05.40:2015[E] Safety standards for electrical
installations have been met.

5.4 Searching of personnel (LEVEL 1)

Before entering an explosives facility all personnel shall search their pockets and bags and deposit
outside the entrance any controlled articles that they have with them. A suitable, secure personal
container should be provided for the reception of such articles. All persons employed in or visiting
an explosives facility may, if they consent, be subjected to a thorough search at the entrance
before entering and when leaving, or at any time whilst they are in the explosives area. The search
is to be made in accordance with national technical authority regulations. Should they not consent
then they should be prevented from entering or leaving until the head of establishment makes a
decision on the appropriate next steps.

4
 IATG 06.10:2015[E]
2nd Edition (2015-02-01)

Personnel shall only be searched by personnel of the same gender. Any body search policy should
be determined by the national technical authority. Searches shall be carried out at random
intervals and a record maintained. Personnel unwilling to consent to search shall not be admitted
to an explosives facility.

Visitors are also liable to be searched if this is considered desirable by access control personnel.
Visitors who do not submit to this liability are to be refused admittance. Before any visitor is
searched, reference is to be made to the head of the establishment.

5.4.1. Footwear

Metal shod footwear is prohibited in a PES.

5.5 Magnetic therapy products (LEVEL 1)

The wearing or carrying of magnetic therapy products such as bracelets, ‘spot’ magnets and joint
bandages are expressly forbidden within an explosives area.

5.6 Spark, flame or heat producing items (LEVEL 1)

Spark, flame or other heat producing items shall not be permitted inside an explosives facility
unless required for a specific reason, such as a works service. Any item required shall be
4
authorised using the permit to work system.

5.7 Lighting of fires (LEVEL 1)

The unauthorised lighting of fires in explosives facilities is strictly prohibited. Authority for the
lighting of fires shall be given by the head of the establishment in special circumstances only. Such
authority shall be subject to a formal risk assessment.

When authority has been given for a fire to be lit only a means of ignition approved by head of the
establishment shall be used. The means of ignition are to be taken into the facility in a lockable red
box by the person authorised to use them. The user is to keep the key to the box in his or her
possession and is to allow no other person to have access to the means of ignition and is to use
them only for the purpose for which they have been authorised. Means of ignition are not to be left
in the facility when unoccupied but are to be brought out by the authorised person.

Authorisation is to be given in writing by the head of the establishment and shall state the purpose
for which the means of ignition are required.

The appropriate numbers/types of fire extinguishers shall be readily available and present.

The fire department should be present during the fire.

A safety monitor appointed by the head of establishment shall verify that the fire has been
completely extinguished after its use. The safety monitor should normally be a member of the fire
department.

4
See IATG 06.60:2015[E] Works services (construction and repair).

5
 IATG 06.10:2015[E]
2nd Edition (2015-02-01)

5.8 Vehicle tracker devices5 (LEVEL 2)

Many vehicles are now fitted with anti-theft tracking devices or stolen vehicle recovery systems.
The driver may not be aware of this; as such it must be assumed that all vehicles entering an
explosive storage area (ESA) have them fitted. It has been assessed that the probability of
accidental initiation of electro-explosive devices (EED) is negated by maintaining a distance of 5m
between the vehicle and the exterior walls of any building containing explosives.

However to ensure that the risk of the presence of tracker devices to unscreened or unshielded
EEDs or guided weapons is as low as is reasonably practicable (ALARP) heads of establishment
shall establish a control mechanism that routes any vehicle fitted with a tracker device in such a
manner that it will not approach, or pass no closer than 25m to an ammunition process building
(APB), explosive storehouse (ESH), building or area where affected EEDs or guided weapons are
or may be present.

5.9 Other controlled items (LEVEL 1)

In normal circumstances, many other items are not permitted to enter explosives facilities.
However, there are occasions when the following normally prohibited items may be authorised for
entry of a facility by the head of the establishment. For example:

a) cameras which are compliant with IATG 05.40:2015[E] Safety standards for electrical
installations;

b) fuels, oils and lubricants not in sealed approved containers;

c) lanterns, oil lamps and stoves; and

d) unauthorised tools.

5.9.1. Vehicle radio key fobs (LEVEL 2)

These are battery powered devices to lock and unlock vehicles and should not be permitted inside
explosives buildings unless authorised by the national technical authority. If these items are
approved to EN 300 220-1 or other legislation of comparative standard they generate only low level
of Radio Frequency (RF) energy. If the head of the establishment authorises their access, they
may be permitted inside explosives areas where protected EEDs are present. Where exposed
EEDs are present they shall not be permitted.

6 Estate management

Good estate management is important in promoting the maintenance, safety and serviceability of
PES and their contents. In order to promote this, heads of establishment shall liaise with the
responsible authorities to ensure all appropriate measures are put in place. Areas of responsibility
are to be clearly defined.

6.1 Site plans (LEVEL 1)

The head of the establishment shall ensure that accurate, scaled site plans are drawn up. These
plans shall be held at the facility control office and by the fire focal point. Each PES shall be
uniquely numbered to ease identification.

5
See IATG 05.60:2015[E] Radio frequency hazards.

6
 IATG 06.10:2015[E]
2nd Edition (2015-02-01)

6.2 Works services (LEVEL 2)

Works services in, on or in the vicinity of a PES shall be carried out in accordance with IATG 06.60
Works services (construction and repair).

6.3 Surplus facilities (LEVEL 2)

The national regulations pertaining to explosives clearance and certification of surplus explosives
facilities shall be followed. The regulations should ensure that all buildings and land are
6
decontaminated and Certified as Free from Explosives (CFFE). IMAS may be used as the basis
for the development of national plans.

6.4 Roads and drainage (LEVEL 2)

Roads in and leading to explosive facilities should be maintained in a good state of repair. This will
lessen the risk of accidents. Drain covers in road surfaces should be serviceable and correctly
fitted. Traffic flow systems should be clearly marked. Good drainage of the land in explosives
facilities is essential to the proper maintenance of roads, railways and buildings. All streams,
ditches and culverts should be kept clear and free of obstruction.

6.5 Railway lines (LEVEL 2)

The head of the establishment should ensure that there is no obstruction to the view of road users
or locomotive drivers at junctions of roads and railway lines. Warning notices should be
prominently displayed at the approaches to all such junctions and the normal road traffic rules
should be observed. If rail lines run between an explosives building and its associated traverse
their use should be confined to traffic serving that building.

6.6 Vermin control LEVEL 1)

Vermin are a source of damage to buildings and services. Rabbits and other burrowing or boring
animals such as termites can cause severe damage to barricades, undermine buildings and roads
or damage ammunition and its associated packaging. Control measures should be taken to
eliminate vermin and burrowing or boring animals from explosives facilities. However national
legislation may protect some of these creatures as they may be ‘endangered or protected species’
and the head of the establishment should take note of any such legislation when considering
solutions.

Regular or periodical inspection should be carried out to ascertain any signs of attack or damage.
The soil conditions at the facility will have an impact on the damage that vermin or pests can
cause. Pesticides can be permanently imbedded before the construction of buildings or they can be
temporarily deployed inside buildings to prevent damage to the buildings and their contents.

6.7 Vegetation and crops (LEVEL 1)

This section describes the minimum recommended standards that should be implemented for the
control of grass, trees and vegetation in and around explosives facilities. Grass, trees and
vegetation shall be subject to control to ensure that they do not present a hazard to explosives in
storage. Uncontrolled growth presents a major fire risk particularly during dry weather conditions.
Close liaison should be maintained between the facility and local fire fighting services.

6
International Mine Action Standards.

7
 IATG 06.10:2015[E]
2nd Edition (2015-02-01)

Other hazards will be dependent upon the topography and seasonal changes but include the
undermining of foundations, the blockage of underground services by tree and shrub roots,
blocking of drains by leaves and grass, and damage to buildings and facilities that could occur if
trees fall on them. Trees and vegetation can also provide cover for intruders, particularly around
perimeter fences.

Cut vegetation should be removed from the explosive facility on the day that it is cut, and cutting
activities should be limited to ensure that the resulting waste vegetation may be removed from the
explosive facility on the same day.

6.7.1. Control measures and a three area plan (LEVEL 1)

Vegetation, undergrowth, dead leaves and other growth creates a serious fire risk particularly
during extended periods of dry weather. To reduce the risk of fire, a three area plan should be
implemented.

6.7.1.1. Area 1

In this area no vegetation shall be permitted within 1m of a PES unless it is grass on earth covered
buildings.

6.7.1.2. Area 2

Whenever possible no vegetation over 50mm in height shall be allowed within a further 5m of a
PES i.e. within 6m. No vegetation longer than 50mm on, or within 5m of, earth-covered buildings,
or on barricades within 5m of a PES shall be allowed. This requirement allows emergency
personnel to identify ejected unexploded articles in the event of an explosion. It also permits staff
to easily identify damage to barricades caused by burrowing animals.

6.7.1.3. Area 3

Beyond the 6m boundary line the length of vegetation shall to be in accordance with the site locally
assessed risk (see below).

6.7.2. Site risk assessment (LEVEL 1)

Local assessment of the risks facing the facility is the responsibility of the head of the
establishment. A risk assessment team should be formed and its membership should consist of
specialists such as:

a) the explosives safety representative;

7
b) the fire focal point;

c) the security officer;

d) estate management staff; and

e) any other personnel considered necessary by the head of the establishment.

7
See IATG 02.50:2015[E] Fire safety.

8
 IATG 06.10:2015[E]
2nd Edition (2015-02-01)

6.8 Control of trees and shrubs (LEVEL 1)

Trees and shrubs may be permitted within explosives facilities provided that they do not provide a
means by which a fire can bridge a firebreak as per the three-area plan. Conifers and spruce trees
should not be allowed closer than 30m to explosives facilities. Other types of trees should not be
allowed closer than 5m. Trees should be regularly maintained by a competent person to ensure
that they remain healthy. The proximity of trees to a PES should be controlled so that in the event
of them being blown over they will not hazard the PES or its contents.

6.9 Cut vegetation (LEVEL 1)

Cut vegetation such as grass, branches and hay should be removed from the short grass areas
around PES defined by the three-area plan immediately after cutting. If the cuttings are removed to
a distance of not less than 50m from a PES, for example stacks of hay and cereal crops, they may
be temporarily stacked to await their removal. Such removal should be completed within three
days from the date of cutting. The head of the establishment is responsible for ensuring that any
grass cutting or vegetation control contract tendered includes the requirement to remove all
cuttings in accordance with this paragraph. Burning of cut vegetation shall not be permitted within
an ammunition area, without the specific approval of the head of establishment.

6.10 Agriculture and agricultural chemicals (LEVEL 1)

Agricultural operations, excluding the grazing of livestock, may be permitted in explosives facilities
subject to the following conditions. These conditions shall be formalised in a written contract
between the head of the establishment and the operator carrying out the agricultural operations:

The number of exposed personnel shall be kept to the minimum required.

People and vehicles entering may be subject to search as previously described.

a) agricultural personnel involved in the agricultural operation shall be given the same
8
protection as if they were contractors;

b) any agricultural operation which is within the area encompassed by the inhabited building
distance (IBD) shall not involve more man-days than would normally be required to maintain
the area, e.g. grass cutting;

c) the crops grown shall not create a significant fire risk. The unit fire focal point shall advise if
increased fire precautions are required, particularly increased fire breaks. These
recommendations shall be implemented before agricultural operations commence; and

d) the contract with the operator shall include the stipulation that when agricultural operations
cease, the ground is returned to short grass.

Only chemicals and fertilisers whose residue does not produce or cause a significant fire risk shall
be used to control vegetation in explosives facilities. Any chemicals used shall be chlorate free.

8
See IATG 06.60:2015[E] Works services (construction and repair).

9
 IATG 06.10:2015[E]
2nd Edition (2015-02-01)

6.11 Livestock (LEVEL 1)

The grazing of livestock within explosives facilities should not normally be permitted because of the
amount of access time to the area normally required by the farmer or his or her employees and its
consequential effect on the overall man limits and exposure time in the facility. However, should
the head of the establishment consider such grazing feasible, a risk assessment should be carried
out and the results submitted to the national technical authority for consideration. This shall be
done before any contractual obligation is undertaken. Even if the livestock is the property of the
facility the same procedure shall be followed.

7 Fire and first aid

7.1 Fire (LEVEL 1)

All personnel shall have a responsibility to do all in their power to prevent fires, report any
occurrence of fire, to take immediate and appropriate fire fighting measures to stop/control a fire
before it impacts a PES and to co-operate in any larger fire fighting effort. The head of the
establishment shall be responsible for the production of fire orders, the establishment of fire
prevention measures and a pre-fire plan. Detailed instructions for fire pre-planning and fire fighting
are given in IATG 02.50:2015[E] Fire safety.

7.2 First aid equipment (LEVEL 1)

First Aid equipment to a national technical authority approved scale shall be available at an
accessible point in or at the entrance to all PES and in each process building. Details of first aid
treatment for white phosphorous (WP) and other hazardous substances and the precautions to be
taken when handling these substances are in IATG 06.50:2015[E] Specific safety precautions.

8 Aircraft overflight (LEVEL 2)

Major explosives areas shall be protected from the potential hazards of aircraft crashes by national
technical authority measures, which shall designate these areas as avoidance zones. These
zones should preclude aircraft from over-flying such sites at heights of less than 1000m above
ground level. Persistent incursions of these avoidance zones should be reported to the national
technical authority. Local military air traffic at military airfields with explosives facilities is not
generally restricted by such avoidance zones. In this case, the facility explosives safety
representative should contact the senior air traffic control officer to request a suitable entry in the
aircraft unit standing orders, which highlights the danger of potential disaster at large co-located
explosives storage sites. In this way, aircrew can avoid such explosives facilities.

Conversely, explosives areas and facilities shall not be intentionally constructed in locations that
would be over flown by existing or planned flight paths.

8.1 Helicopters (LEVEL 2)

Military helicopter operations that over-fly explosives facilities may be permitted for training and
exercise purposes provided that:

a) a risk assessment has been conducted by the unit explosives safety representative that
demonstrate that the risks are tolerable and ALARP;

b) they are authorised beforehand by the head of the establishment;

c) only passenger or non-explosive transfers are involved;

d) no over-flight of PES is permitted;

10
 IATG 06.10:2015[E]
2nd Edition (2015-02-01)

e) use is made of the safest ingress and egress routes, which shall be included in local flying
and establishment orders; and

f) no movement of explosives is undertaken during the over-flight.

9 Potential explosion sites (PES)

9.1 Cleanliness (LEVEL 1)

PES shall be kept thoroughly clean at all times. Non-static producing doormats may be provided at
the entrance to the PES. The floor, workbenches and all platforms and fittings shall be kept free
from dust and grit.

Oily rags, waste and other articles liable to spontaneous combustion shall be placed, immediately
after use, together with any other refuse, into metal bins provided with lids situated outside the
building. These bins shall be emptied at regular intervals and on no account are they to remain
filled overnight. Any waste material which is, or is suspected of being, contaminated with
explosives substances is to be treated as explosive and stored and disposed of accordingly.

9.2 Action on vacating a PES (LEVEL 1)

9.2.1. Normal vacation

When vacating a PES, all packages shall be closed and sealed if appropriate. All doors, windows
and shutters shall be kept closed and secured except when they are open for work or ventilation.
When the doors are open, a responsible person shall be left in charge of the building.

When a PES is vacated, the electrical supply shall be switched off at the building master switch.
However, in buildings where a constant temperature or humidity is required, the power may be left
9
on provided that the electrical equipments are thermostatically controlled. Other than those
provided for security features, all other power supplies are to be switched off.

9.2.2. Temporary breaks

For temporary breaks during the working day, the following actions shall be carried out before
leaving the PES:

a) all entrances shall be cleared of any obstruction; and

b) items on gravity rollers shall be secured against accidental movement.

Explosives may be left in process buildings and proof/test facilities if:

c) they are safely secured or stowed away; and

d) unless specifically stipulated as permissible on the explosives licence, no explosive filling is

exposed.

9
See IATG 05.40 Safety standards for electrical installations.

11
 IATG 06.10:2015[E]
2nd Edition (2015-02-01)

9.3 Emergency evacuation

All personnel employed in explosives facilities shall be made aware of the location of both the
normal and emergency exits of the PES in which they work. Whenever a fire-fighting practice
takes place, evacuation drills should also to be carried out. In this case the emergency exits as
well as the normal exits shall be used. Emergency doors shall be clearly marked as such, both
internally and externally.
10
The person in charge of the building shall record in the PES log book the date of the practice and
the time taken to clear the building. Comment should also be made on the adequacy or otherwise
of the number of exits and the use made of them. Recommendations for additional means of exit
shall be made if they are considered necessary.

During these drills workers in process facilities should be encouraged to make use of all available
exits and to ignore the normal rules for entering and leaving such buildings. However, care shall
be taken that protective clothing and shoes are free from extraneous matter before personnel are
permitted to re-enter the facility.

Ammunition packaging, mechanical handling equipment (MHE), gravity rollers and other equipment
shall not be allowed to block fire lanes or flow lines, or impede emergency egress from the PES.

9.4 Thunderstorms (LEVEL 2)

All PES shall be vacated and secured during thunderstorms.

Thunderstorms potentially contain a massive build up of static electricity within the atmosphere and
thus present a serious hazard to ammunition and explosive processing. In process buildings (PBs)
work on electro-explosive devices (EED) and primary explosive is to cease immediately when there
11
is a thunderstorm in the vicinity. Where it is safe to do so, ammunition and explosives being
worked on are to be made safe and all ammunition and explosives are to be repackaged. The PB
should then be evacuated and made secure until the thunderstorm has passed by.

A thunderstorm may be considered in the ‘near vicinity’ when the time between the lightning flash
and the thunder report is approximately 25 seconds or less. The 25-second count will place the
flash approximately 8 km from the observer.

9.5 Tools, materials and equipment permitted in a PES (LEVEL 2)

No stores should be allowed in an explosives facility other than the explosives or non-explosives
authorised for storage and any tools, equipments or other materials authorised from time to time in
accordance with these IATG. Explosives other than those authorised on the explosives licence
shall not to be taken into a PES.

9.5.1. Articles in use list (AIU)

An AIU list of tools authorised for use by the authorised processing documentation shall be
available in the process room or PES for each approved task. This list shall include brushes,
dustpans and dusters etc for the cleaning of the PES.

10
See IATG 06.70:2015[E] Inspection of explosives facilities.
11
It may be possible to get prior warning from the national meteorological office.

12
 IATG 06.10:2015[E]
2nd Edition (2015-02-01)

9.5.2. Tools and equipment

Tools and other equipment of local manufacture should not be permitted unless their use is called
for in an approved work instruction and their design is authorised. In cases where it is necessary to
test a locally manufactured tool or other piece of equipment in an explosives facility, prior authority
should be obtained from the national technical authority. Tools and equipment required for works
services and repairs to PES shall be authorised for use as per IATG 06.60:2015[E] Works services
(construction and repair), prior to its use in any PES.

10 Operations in PES

Some operations carried out in a PES are of negligible hazard and may be permitted in explosives
storehouses. Operations involving direct work on explosive articles and any exposure of
explosives substances shall be strictly prohibited in explosives storehouses. Apart from cleaning
operations such as sweeping or dusting, the operations that may be permitted in explosives
storehouses are as described in this section.

Other operations may be permitted where movement of the store to a process area creates a
greater risk. In such instances the head of the establishment may authorise such work. Each case
shall be the subject of a full risk assessment. All other exceptions shall be referred to the national
technical authority. However in general all other operations shall be carried out in process
buildings.

10.1 Explosive storehouses (ESH) and open bay storage (LEVEL 2)

The following operations may be permitted within a storehouse or open storage bay:

a) re-stencilling and re-labelling of packages and unboxed stores;

b) the build up and break down of weapon over-packs, ammunition containers and pallet
configurations where the packages within are sealed or are unboxed stores;

c) opening unit load containers to check humidity indicators;

d) the maintenance and inspection of aircraft high explosive (HE) bombs as long as the
operations are carried out in accordance with instructions issued by the national technical
authority;

e) the visual inspection of prepared for use aircraft weapons; and

f) the checking of temperature and humidity indicators and approved data loggers as long as
the check does not involve breaching containers or packages.

Low risk, short duration, tasks such as the repacking or visual inspection of a small quantity of
ammunition may be permitted in the immediate vicinity of the parent licensed storage building at
the discretion of the head of the establishment. In this case only one package (or two packages if
fractioning ammunition for issue or storage) may be open at any one time. The doors to the parent
building shall be closed.

10.2 Ready use ammunition (LEVEL 2)

In addition to the above activities, if the use of a process building is not reasonably practical,
issues, receipts and visual inspection of ammunition may be conducted in a suitable area set aside
for the purpose. This task shall be subject to a written risk assessment having been carried out by
the facility explosives safety representative and should be authorised by the national technical
authority. This activity shall be limited to stores of Hazard Division (HD) 1.3 and 1.4 only.

13
 IATG 06.10:2015[E]
2nd Edition (2015-02-01)

10.3 Captured enemy ammunition and foreign explosives (LEVEL 3)

Captured enemy and foreign explosives are subject to special regulations, as are improvised
explosive recovered as part of Counter-Improvised Explosive Device (C-IED) operations. There
may be little available technical information about the explosives and ordnance. It is therefore
necessary to define procedures to be adopted to ensure explosives safety is not compromised.
The procedures should be as follows:

a) the head of the establishment shall request a copy of the explosive classification certificate
from the national technical authority (if available) for the foreign explosive ordnance
authorised for storage;

b) written confirmation should be sought stating that the foreign explosive ordnance has been
physically checked by a technical specialist acceptable to the national technical authority.
This shall confirm that there are no other hazards from the ordnance other than the normal
hazards associated with conventional explosives substances (e.g. the ammunition or
explosive does not contain radioactive sources or chemical agents);

c) a technical specialist acceptable to the national technical authority should certify that the
foreign explosive ordnance or the improvised explosives are safe for storage. This
certification should be repeated periodically at intervals as required by the national technical
authority;

d) the explosives facilities shall be inspected in accordance with the requirements of IATG
06.70 Inspection of explosives facilities;

e) fire assets shall be manned and sited at a minimum of IBD from the PES whenever foreign
explosive ordnance is being handled or processed;

f) foreign explosive ordnance or improvised explosives shall not be stored or processed in any
PES that contains national explosive assets;

g) during handling and processing of foreign explosive ordnance or improvised explosives, all
non-essential personnel shall be located outside the IBD from the PES; and

h) during handling and processing of foreign explosive ordnance or improvised explosives, all
activity shall be monitored by a competent person nominated by the unit explosives safety
representative. This monitor retains the right to halt all activity if not absolutely convinced
about safety. Prior to any handling or processing, the monitor shall be fully briefed on the
activities that will take place.

Ammunition purchased from a foreign country, which has been qualified by the mandatory tests
and has been allocated a UN serial number and compatibility grouping after testing as per the UN
12
regulations shall be exempt from the above restrictions.

10.4 Process buildings (LEVEL 3)

This section specifies the guidelines that should be applied to the running of ammunition process
buildings (APB). These guidelines shall be applied in addition to those above.

10.4.1. Receipt and issue (R&I) bays

R&I bays are compartmented buildings where one or more compartments are authorised for
receipts, issuing and fractioning of packages, and visual inspection of stocks. Only the
compartments authorised on the explosives licence shall be used for these activities. R&I bays
may also be located in storage areas.

12
See IATG 01.50:2015[E] UN Hazard classification systems and codes.

14
 IATG 06.10:2015[E]
2nd Edition (2015-02-01)

10.4.2. Handling or testing of EED

If EEDs or stores containing EEDs are handled, maintained, assembled, tested or prepared for
13
use, RADHAZ Category 1 safe distances shall be applied. The earthing, conductive and anti-
static and processing requirements given in IATG 05.40:2015[E] Safety standards in electrical
installations shall also be implemented.

11 Storage

11.1 Covered storage (LEVEL 2)

All explosives and associated non-explosives stores and dangerous goods should normally be
stored under cover. Aircraft HE bombs and similar stores such as heavy artillery breech loading
(BL) natures may be open stored in temperate climates. Aircraft HE bombs and other permitted
items open-stored held in sub-tropical and tropical climates should be protected from the sun by a
building or structure fitted with approved air conditioning.

NOTE 1 Open storage provides the least protection from subsequent propagation in the event of an accident or
incident. Earth-covered magazines provide the highest level of protection from subsequent propagations.

Some explosive stores are more vulnerable to the elements and if covered storage is limited, the
following provisions should be applied and the following points considered when allocating covered
storage:

a) the prior authority of the national technical authority shall be obtained;

b) the inherent liability of particular kinds of an explosive store to damage from exposure;

c) the design of the ammunition packages to resist exposure and their condition;

d) the type of storage required by regulation, i.e. magazine or storehouse;

e) the prevailing climate;

f) the need for the security of particular items, for example those items attractive to criminal
and terrorist organisations (ACTO); and

g) any special risks from exposure if the condition of the explosives is doubtful.

11.2 Open storage (LEVEL 2)

Where it is necessary to store explosives in the open, the stacks should be covered over with
waterproof sheets, which are preferably fire resistant, or other suitable material. Care should be
taken to use non-static producing covers, as significant static can be generated during the
removal/movement of plastics-based covers.

The sheets should be supported in such a way as to allow a current of air to circulate over and
around the stacks. When supports are not available, and the sheets are laid directly on the stacks,
every opportunity shall be taken to air the stores by uncovering them periodically in good weather.
As a minimum the stores should be aired at least monthly and more frequently if the prevailing
climatic conditions in theatre warrant it. Aircraft HE bombs and similar stores such as heavy
artillery breech loading (BL) natures should also be subjected to this regime if possible.

13
See IATG 05.60:2015[E] Radio frequency hazards.

15
 IATG 06.10:2015[E]
2nd Edition (2015-02-01)

11.3 Explosive items

14
Explosives shall be stored safely and securely in the special licensed facilities provided. Where
explosives storage facilities are not adequate or immediately available, the head of the
establishment shall make temporary arrangements to minimise the risk to life and property in the
event of an explosion or fire and to prevent deterioration of the explosive stores. Under normal
circumstances, explosives storage facilities should not be used for the storage of other equipment,
materiel or dangerous goods.

11.4 Non-explosive items

Drill and instructional stores or weapons may be empty or inert filled with a high explosive
substitute (HES). These items shall not be stored with live stores to avoid inadvertent mixing in
use. All drill, instructional and inert filled stores that have been converted from filled stores shall be
subject to technical inspection before they are taken into use. Such stores shall conform to an
approved design and prior authority for their conversion is to be obtained from the national
technical authority.

Non-explosive components, which are related by function to explosives, such as fuze shear wires,
may be stored in the same storehouse as their parent stores. The packages shall be sealed and
identified and shall be stacked separately from the filled stores.

11.5 Dangerous goods and explosive stores filled with dangerous goods
(LEVEL 3)

Non-explosive dangerous goods should not be stored in a PES or explosives area because of the
additional hazards introduced by their presence. However certain explosive natures or their
components contain dangerous goods that are required to be stored because they are related by
function to the explosives. Examples of these stores are aircraft flares and missile fuels. In such
cases it may be permitted to store these explosives related dangerous goods in a PES or
explosives area so long as they comply with compatibility groups and mixing rules. Otherwise they
shall be treated as HD 1.3 for quantity distance (QD) purposes. However, the items and their outer
packages shall not be marked with HD 1.3 labels. Such storage should be specifically authorised
by the national technical authority.

11.5.1. Items excluded from UN Class 1

An item containing explosives may be considered by the national technical authority as presenting
no significant hazard from explosion and may be excluded from UN Class 1 (for example some
small pyrotechnics). In this situation, these items may be stored with the explosives items that they
are related to but should be treated as HD 1.4S for storage purposes. However the items and their
packages shall not be marked with HD 1.4S labels.

11.6 Ammunition and ammunition packaging (LEVEL 2)

11.6.1. Examination of stocks before entry into a PES

Before being allowed into a PES all pallets, packages and unboxed munitions shall be examined
for damage, signs of tampering with seals and so forth. Should such damage or signs of tampering
be detected then the pallet, package or munition shall be segregated for detailed examination.

14
See IATG 05.20:2015[E] Types of buildings for explosives storage.

16
 IATG 06.10:2015[E]
2nd Edition (2015-02-01)

11.6.2. Serviceability of ammunition and its packaging

All stocks of explosives and weapons should be maintained in a serviceable condition and
markings on packages and unboxed stores should be legible. Unserviceable or suspect stocks
shall be segregated. Defective packages should be repaired or replaced before storage is
permitted. This work should be undertaken in an APB. Exceptionally, defective or damaged
packages may, after inspection by a competent person, be kept segregated until repaired.

If the seal of a package is broken or missing and the package concerned is not for immediate use,
the inner packaging and contents should be examined by a competent person. If the examination
is satisfactory the package should be correctly sealed before storage is permitted. This work
should be carried out in an APB. The ammunition account should also be reconciled to ensure its
accuracy and a local investigation should take place if any discrepancies arise.

11.7 Commercial explosives and fireworks (LEVEL 2)

11.7.1. Commercial explosives

Commercial explosives should be classified by the national technical authority in accordance with
15
the UN ‘Orange Book’’ requirements prior to storage and are to be kept segregated. All
commercial explosives usually have a much more limited safe storage life than military explosives.
Storage records should indicate the shelf life of the item. On receipt the explosives should be
inspected by a competent person. Explosives that are in poor condition or have been subject to
local modification shall not be accepted for storage. This receipt inspection is to include checking
for compliance with all national regulatory requirements and the packaging shall be in accordance
with the UN Orange Book requirements.

11.7.2. Civilian fireworks

The following guidelines cover the storage of fireworks and apply in all situations where fireworks of
UN Class 1 are stored. The maximum time they may be stored in a PES containing ammunition or
explosives should be 24 hours. Particular care shall be taken when handling fireworks due to the
inherent weakness of the paper or cardboard cases and the high probability of spillage of the filling.
Firework fillings are very sensitive to impact, friction, heat or sparks. Therefore PES shall be
carefully cleaned after fireworks have been stored there and before any other explosive is stored.
This procedure should be the subject of a risk assessment. Storage in excess of 24 hours shall be
approved by the national technical authority but is generally not recommended.

On their receipt and prior to their storage in a PES, the fireworks should be suitably over-packed to
prevent the leakage of black powder or pyrotechnic composition.

11.8 Experimental explosives (LEVEL 3)

If they have been classified and qualified by the national technical authority experimental
explosives may be treated as normal explosives. However, they should be segregated from other
natures within the storage facility.

If not classified or if their safety tests have not been accomplished, such materials shall be
completely isolated from all explosives (see Clause 11.10 below). If it is determined that the
material is unsafe or unstable, it shall be disposed off immediately using special procedures
approved by the head of the establishment.

15
See IATG 01.50:2015[E] UN Hazard classification systems and codes.

17
 IATG 06.10:2015[E]
2nd Edition (2015-02-01)

The owner or sponsor of the explosives shall provide disposal instructions before acceptance into
storage. Contact shall be made with the owner or sponsor of the explosives at least every six
months. To ensure they retain their identity at all times, the packages and contents should be
marked with an identification symbol as required by the national technical authority. This
symbology should ensure each item, if unused, is returned to its correct package. Additionally, the
packages or stacks should be clearly marked with the sponsor details and any other information
deemed necessary, e.g. points of contact.

11.9 Special stores (LEVEL 3)

11.9.1. Gaseous tritium light source (GTLS)

Some weapon systems incorporate a GTLS within the integral sight. This presents a slight
radiation hazard if broken in a confined space. These weapons should as a minimum be stored in
buildings with ventilation openings. The building should also display the trefoil symbol in addition to
the fire symbol and any supplementary symbol required by national technical authority regulations.
The national technical authority regulations may also specify the maximum storage density in any
single building. Finally the PES should contain national technical authority approved instructions
on the actions to be taken in the event of a breakage causing a tritium leak.

11.9.2. Depleted uranium (DU)

DU is mildly radioactive at a level that is low enough to permit handling and transportation with
simple precautionary measures. DU has a chemical toxicity at the same level as other heavy
metals such as lead, thus allowing handling and transportation in authorised packaging without
abnormal risk. The mechanisms whereby radioactivity and toxicity might lead to harmful effects
are:

a) personnel being in close contact with DU over extended periods; and

b) if DU is involved in a fire or explosion in which uranium oxides from the ammunition are
dispersed and inhaled by personnel sited downwind from the event.

Advice on the storage of ammunition containing DU should be provided by the national technical
authority. Handling and transportation of DU ammunition should be reduced to a minimum and no
work or movement is to be carried out without prior reference to a national radiological protection
supervisor. General regulations for the transportation of DU ammunition should be provided by the
national technical authority and contingency planning for accidents and incidents should also be
16
provided by the national technical authority.

11.10 Isolation and segregation of stocks (LEVEL 3)

11.10.1. Fault and defect reporting

Explosives which are known or suspected of being inefficient, unsafe, whose condition is uncertain,
or which cannot be conditioned by the facility’s ammunition technical staff should be the subject of
action in accordance with the instructions in IATG 01.70:2015[E] Bans and constraints. Serious
fault reporting action shall be carried out immediately.

16
Useful technical information on DU may be found in Technical Note for Mine Action (TNMA) 09.30/02 Edition 2.
http://www.mineactionstandards.org/tnma/TN_09.30_02_2001_Depleted_Uranium_(Version_2.0).pdf

18
 IATG 06.10:2015[E]
2nd Edition (2015-02-01)

11.10.2. Isolated storage

Isolated storage is the storage of explosives, which are in an unsafe or possibly unsafe condition in
separate licensed accommodation away from all other explosives. The following explosives should
always be isolated:

a) repairable or unserviceable explosives that are, or are suspected of being, unsafe;

b) salvaged stores recovered after an accident, explosion, fire or a trial;

c) explosive items which have failed to function and are unsafe for use, but not unsafe for
storage;

d) explosives recovered during explosive ordnance disposal (EOD) operations, (including

foreign ammunition or improvised explosives);

e) experimental explosives that are determined to be unsafe or unstable; and

f) any ammunition or explosives on the instruction of the national technical authority or an

ammunition technical officer (ATO) or other certified competent person.

11.10.3. Segregated storage

Segregated storage is the storage of explosives whose compatibility groups, whilst not requiring
separate storage, do not permit mixed storage. The requirement for segregated storage may be
met by any means which is effective in the prevention of propagation between the different groups,
for example by a separate compartment, an internal traverse or barrier or by physical distance.
The normal mixing of compatibility groups is permitted for explosives requiring segregated storage.
The following stores should always be segregated:

a) stores known to be, or suspected of being, faulty but which are not unsafe;

b) experimental explosives; and

c) enemy explosives.

11.10.4. Isolated storage requirements – QD and CG

A PES which is to be used for the storage of explosives requiring isolated storage should be sited
in such a location so as to afford all exposed sites (ES) the QD protection given by the tables in
IATG 02.20:2015[E] Quantity and separation distances. The use of reduced QDs shall not be
permitted. Explosives requiring isolated storage should not normally be mixed by compatibility
group. However, small quantities of less than 10 kg net explosive quantity (NEQ) of any
compatibility group requiring isolated storage may be stored in the same PES under the following
conditions:

a) explosives of each compatibility group shall be effectively segregated from explosives of any
other compatibility group by walls of autoclaved aerated concrete blocks;

b) no explosives of HD 1.1 shall be stored; and

c) the stores are not EOD recoveries. The actions required for the storage of EOD recoveries
are at Annex D.

19
 IATG 06.10:2015[E]
2nd Edition (2015-02-01)

11.10.5. Disposal of isolated explosives

Explosives that require isolated storage should be addressed or disposed of as soon as

practicable. Heads of establishment should ensure that items are stored in isolation for only the
minimum practicable time and long term isolated storage of explosives shall require justification.
Failure to provide adequate justification may be viewed as a serious safety breach. In the event
that disposal is not the corrective means to be used, a constraint shall not be removed from
suspect stores until clearance for storage or issue is authorised by the national technical authority
after repair or modification.

11.11 Rail and vehicle transit and staging facilities (LEVEL 2)

11.11.1. Rail yards

Platforms of a suitable height should be provided in transit facilities so that handling and load
transfer between vehicles can be conducted in a safe and efficient manner. Heavy stores should
be handled by means of mechanical handling and this shall be compatible with the building and
17
vehicles used.

The explosives license limits for a transit facility should be clearly displayed and complied with. If
necessary, a train should be divided into suitable units at a marshalling yard where the required
QDs and protection are available before moving into the transit facility. A transit shed should be
emptied of explosives on a daily basis.

Dangerous goods, other than those related by function to the explosives present, shall not be
handled at a transit shed if explosives are also being handled.

11.11.2. Vehicles

Platforms of a suitable height should be provided in transit facilities so that handling and load
transfer between vehicles can be conducted in a safe and efficient manner. Heavy stores should
be handled by means of mechanical handling equipment and this should be compatible with the
18
building and vehicles used. If necessary, a vehicle convoy should be divided into suitable units at
a marshalling yard where the required QDs and protection are available.

Any area authorised as a staging facility, irrespective of its location, should be clearly marked on
the ground. The area should be large enough to accommodate the anticipated traffic flow and
number of vehicles expected. There should be a gap of at least 6m around each vehicle to provide
fire-fighting access.

Written or electronic records of the usage of a staging facility sited external to the main explosives
facility should be kept in a locally produced log. The record should detail the number and types of
vehicles, the HD and NEQ carried and the dates and duration for that the facility is occupied. The
facility explosives safety representative should review this log at monthly intervals to ensure that
the usage of the staging facility does not exceed the explosives licence criteria. If the usage has
breached the criteria, advice shall be sought from the national technical authority.

11.11.3. Security

The principles of Clause 5 of this IATG equally apply to these facilities and shall be applied to the
same level.

17
See IATG 05.50:2015[E] Vehicles and mechanical handling equipment (MHE) in explosives facilities.
18
Ibid.

20
 IATG 06.10:2015[E]
2nd Edition (2015-02-01)

11.12 Storage conditions (LEVEL 3)

11.12.1. Chemical stability

In general explosives become less sensitive as the temperature drops. However very low
temperatures have an adverse affect upon their safety or function when they are subsequently
used. Cracking and fragmentation of the explosives can occur which can affect their operation. In
propellants, cracking can lead to increased burning rates and, in the extreme, detonation.

Nitro-glycerine freezes below 13°C and may crystallize out. Should this happen, an increase in
temperature may cause the leaching of nitro-glycerine. High temperatures may cause exudation,
expansion or increased decomposition rates. Above 32°C decomposition increases rapidly and
prolonged exposure to temperatures above 15°C will affect the storage life of nitrate ester-based
propellants.

To prevent these effects temperature limitations should be applied to the storage and
transportation of certain types of explosives substances and articles and these should be
promulgated by policy documents issued by the national technical authority. The purpose of this
Clause is not to substitute these policy documents but to amplify the general guidance on
temperature limitations for explosives and the mechanisms for measuring and controlling storage
temperature. Thus the most suitable storage accommodation available should be used in order
that temperature susceptible explosives are maintained in a serviceable condition for the longest
possible period.

Isolated periods of exposure to extremes of temperature may not cause any immediate
deterioration but the effects are cumulative. Therefore the extent of such periods of exposure
should be recorded and notified to the national technical authority.

11.12.2. Temperature restrictions

The following restrictions should be considered when making major alterations to existing
storehouses and when constructing new storehouses. They should be viewed as the ideal and a
benchmark against which current capabilities are measured:

a) Temperature limits. When an ammunition or explosive item has more than one class of
temperature restriction it shall be viewed as being in the class with the maximum restriction;

b) Minimum temperature. To prevent exudation of nitro-glycerine, nitrate ester-based

propellants and articles containing such propellants should not be kept in storehouses for a
continuous period of more than one month if the temperature in any part of the building is
liable to remain below 5°C. If the stipulated minimum temperature conditions cannot be
sustained, artificial heating to an approved standard should be installed; and

c) Maximum temperature. The efficiency, storage life and safety of some explosives,
particularly propellants, are adversely affected by storage at abnormally high temperatures.
They are not to be kept in storehouses where the temperature can be expected to rise above
the limits shown in the national technical authority policy documents. The use of adequate
ventilation, approved air conditioning, or insulation should be considered in order to keep
temperatures in storehouses within approved limits. The ammunition and explosives listed
below are to be stored in the coolest accommodation possible:
 ammunition containing amatol or TNT;

 incendiary ammunition;

 propelling charges or ammunition containing propellants; and

 ammunition containing WP or lachrymatory (tear producing) compositions.

21
 IATG 06.10:2015[E]
2nd Edition (2015-02-01)

11.12.3. Movement

Temperature limitations are equally important during transportation, especially where explosives
are to be moved by sea. The accompanying documentation should be annotated with any
temperature limitations for the ammunition being moved.

11.12.4. Temperature recording

Where stipulated in the technical publication for the ammunition, explosive or weapon maximum
and minimum temperature thermometers or approved temperature data loggers should be installed
in the buildings where temperature susceptible explosives and articles are stored, handled or
processed and the readings recorded. Approved temperature data loggers may also be placed
19
inside individual explosives packages.

11.13 Ventilation and relative humidity (RH)

Although proper ventilation is vital in a PES, indiscriminate admission of air into the PES may do
more harm than good. Proper sealing and protective coating of the ammunition and explosives
and their associated packaging will offset some of the effects of moisture-laden air. The higher the
temperature of the air, the more moisture it requires to become saturated. On a warm day, the air
is drier and better for ventilation than on a cold day. The reverse is also true. Therefore when the
RH is high PES should not be opened for ventilation without first ascertaining that the conditions
are suitable.

The ventilation of a closed PES in which the internal temperature is lower than that of the incoming
air may result in condensation forming on the internal walls and the explosives and associated
packages. With a free flow of air, this condensation normally evaporates during the period of
ventilation but when the airflow is restricted, as may occur where the PES is surrounded by
barricades or situated in a deep hollow, the rate of evaporation may be slow. Several ventilation
periods may be necessary before the condensation finally disappears.

In humid conditions normal ventilation may not be sufficient to keep condensation at an acceptable
level and air-drying or air conditioning apparatus to an approved standard may need to be installed.
In temperate climates PES ventilators should normally remain open and only be temporarily closed
as an immediate precaution against the entry of rain or fog. Ventilation by opening the doors and
windows is not to be carried out unless condensation or excessive heat causes a problem.

Annex E provides further details on ventilation equipment and procedures.

12 Issuing of ammunition

12.1 Stock turnover (LEVEL 2)

As discussed in the previous section explosives deteriorate with age, lose their effectiveness and
reliability and in extreme cases become more dangerous to handle and store. Poor storage
conditions and temperature extremes speed this process up. Ammunition is an extremely
expensive asset and therefore to prevent unnecessary wastage from the causes stated above,
regular turnover of stocks is essential. As a general principle, the oldest stock should be issued
first. However if units are serving overseas, to avoid the necessity of replacing at short intervals
stocks that have become unserviceable through deterioration by age, issues to overseas units may
be made from the newest stock.

When new stock arrives for storage it may be necessary to make physical changes to the
ammunition stacks by ensuring that the oldest ammunition is the most accessible, as it will usually

19
See IATG 05.40:2015[E] Safety standards for electrical installations.

22
 IATG 06.10:2015[E]
2nd Edition (2015-02-01)

be issued first. This may mean moving the older ammunition to the top of the stacks, with newer
ammunition below. This also has the advantage of avoiding excessive pressure or loading on the
lower boxes during prolonged storage.

12.2 Prevention of deterioration of explosives (LEVEL 2)

The operational life of many explosives commences when the packaging is first opened. The safe
life of explosives commences on the day of manufacture of the explosives fill. The national
technical authority or the manufacturer of the store shall be responsible for promulgating safe and
operational life information in the technical publications. Effective systems shall be in place to
ensure that explosives are managed and inspected in accordance with the technical publication
relevant to the item concerned.

13 Underground storage (LEVEL 2)

13.1 General

The guidelines contained in these paragraphs refer to the administration and operation of
underground storage areas and are designed to be supplemental to other storage guidelines in this
IATG. These guidelines should also be observed where applicable.

13.2 Stacking

Stacking in underground storage should follow above-ground rules. Stacks should be kept clear of
access routes. Stacks should be regularly monitored for signs of deterioration. Deterioration in the
bottom tiers may lead to the collapse of a stack with consequent damage to the contents, or cause
a fire or other event. Stack heights should be such so as to preclude such an event. Stacking
heights and methods should be in accordance with approved procedures and to heights authorised
by the national technical authority following stacking trials.

13.3 Repair and maintenance

Repair and maintenance of underground facilities shall be in accordance with the general
instructions in IATG 06.60:2015[E] Works services (construction and repair).

13.4 Records

All records of stocks held in an underground storage area and their location, with records of the
temperature and humidity readings, roof or wall defects, examinations made, maintenance work
done and so forth should be kept outside the underground site in a place not likely to be involved or
destroyed in a major fire or explosion.

13.5 Prohibited storage

The following explosives should not to be stored in underground sites:

a) captured enemy stocks;

b) items returned by units that are awaiting inspection;

c) items in, or suspected to be in, doubtful or unsafe condition; and

d) items not classified by the national technical authority or not of an approved pattern.

23
 IATG 06.10:2015[E]
2nd Edition (2015-02-01)

13.6 Limitations in storage

The following explosives natures should only be permitted in single chamber storage sites with
complete segregation by nature:

a) those with incendiary or smoke effects belonging to compatibility group H and some of
compatibility group G, due to the loss of visibility when smoke is trapped underground;

b) those in compatibility group J due to the risk of an explosive atmosphere posed by any leak;

c) those in compatibility group K due to the difficulty in decontamination; and

d) materials in compatibility group L shall be isolated by specific type.

13.7 Mechanical handling equipment (MHE)

Specific guidelines for MHE use in underground storage sites are provided by IATG 05.50:2015[E]
Vehicles and mechanical handling equipment (MHE) in explosives facilities. It should be noted that
there may be an increased hazard in an underground site caused by the accumulation of exhaust
fumes.

13.8 Humidity

High humidity is often found in underground sites and it has an adverse effect on many materials.
Humidity shall be controlled by ventilation or approved air conditioning. Where temperature control
is not a prime consideration, an approved de-humidifying system may be used which limits RH to
75%.

13.9 Non-Explosive Dangerous Goods

Non-explosive dangerous goods shall not be stored in underground explosives facilities.

24
 IATG 06.10:2015[E]
2nd Edition (2015-02-01)

Annex A
(normative)
References
The following normative documents contain provisions, which, through reference in this text,
constitute provisions of this part of the guide. For dated references, subsequent amendments to,
or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on
this part of the guide are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent
editions of the normative documents indicated below. For undated references, the latest edition of
the normative document referred to applies. Members of ISO maintain registers of currently valid
ISO or EN:

e) IATG 01.40:2015[E] Terms, glossary and definitions. UNODA. 2015;

f) IATG 01.50:2015[E] UN Hazard classification systems and codes. UNODA. 2015;

g) IATG 01.70:2015[E] Bans and constraints. UNODA. 2015;

h) IATG 02.20:2015[E] Quantity and separation distances. UNODA. 2015;

i) IATG 02.50:2015[E] Fire safety. UNODA. 2015;

j) IATG 05.20:2015[E] Types of buildings for explosives storage. UNODA. 2015;

k) IATG 05.40:2015[E] Safety standards for electrical installations. UNODA. 2015;

l) IATG 05.50:2015[E] Vehicles and mechanical handling equipment (MHE) in explosives

facilities. UNODA. 2015;

m) IATG 05.60:2015[E] Radio frequency hazards. UNODA. 2015;

n) IATG 06.50:2015[E] Specific safety precautions. UNODA. 2015;

o) IATG 06.60:2015[E] Works services (construction and repair). UNODA. 2015;

p) IATG 06.70:2015[E] Inspection of explosives facilities. UNODA. 2015; and

q) IATG 09.10:2015[E] Security principles and systems. UNODA. 2015.

The latest version/edition of these references should be used. The UN Office for Disarmament
20
Affairs (UN ODA) holds copies of all references used in this guide. A register of the latest
version/edition of the International Ammunition Technical Guidelines is maintained by UN ODA,
and can be read on the IATG website: www.un.org/disarmament/un-saferguard/. National
authorities, employers and other interested bodies and organisations should obtain copies before
commencing conventional ammunition stockpile management programmes.

20
Where copyright permits.

25
 IATG 06.10:2015[E]
2nd Edition (2015-02-01)

Annex B
(informative)
References
The following informative documents contain provisions, which should also be consulted to provide
further background information to the contents of this guide:

a) Handbook of Best Practices on Conventional Ammunition, Chapter 5. Decision 6/08. OSCE.

2008.
The latest version/edition of these references should be used. The UN Office for Disarmament
21
Affairs (UN ODA) holds copies of all references used in this guide. A register of the latest
version/edition of the International Ammunition Technical Guidelines is maintained by UN ODA,
and can be read on the IATG website: www.un.org/disarmament/un-saferguard/. National
authorities, employers and other interested bodies and organisations should obtain copies before
commencing conventional ammunition stockpile management programmes.

21
Where copyright permits.

26
 IATG 06.10:2015[E]
2nd Edition (2015-02-01)

Annex C
(informative)
Suggested contraband notice (LEVEL 1)

This is a insert appropriate type (e.g. ammunition storage) establishment where military explosives
are stored and processed. Stringent regulations for safety are necessary and staff and visitors
shall be fully conversant with them. These rules are framed for the protection of the establishment
and of all personnel on site and shall be observed at all times.

Unless formally authorised in advance, the following items shall not be taken into an
explosives area:

a. Matches or any other means of producing flame or high temperatures.

b. Tobacco in any form, including snuff.

c. Any articles used in connection with smoking.

d. Radio transmitters or receivers, including mobile phones and car key fobs.

e. Tools and other equipment.

f. Any battery or mains operated item.

g. Unauthorised explosives.

h. Dangerous or flammable substances.

i. Cameras.

j. Firearms.

k. Drugs and Medicines.

l. Metal shod footwear.

m. Magnetic Therapy Products.

n. Commercial vehicles unless specifically authorised.

p. Nothing should be carried by the individuals inside explosives facility except a handkerchief
and writing materials. All personal belongings should be left at the gate, secured in the locker
provided.

Food and Drink. Food and drink shall be declared on entry and shall only be consumed at
authorised locations. Food and drink shall not be consumed inside any explosives building.

Liability to Search. Persons are admitted into an explosives area only on the understanding that
they and their vehicle are liable to search, by a person so authorised, at any time. Refusal to
submit to search will preclude entry to the explosives area.

Additional Measures. Additional stringent control measures may be put in operation at any time.

27
 IATG 06.10:2015[E]
2nd Edition (2015-02-01)

Annex D
(informative)
EOD recoveries – storage and transport (LEVEL 3)

D.1 Introduction

This annex details the suggested guidelines for the storage and transport of explosive ordnance
disposal (EOD) arisings. Included in these guidelines are collections from civilian agencies,
individuals and amnesties and all planned area explosive ordnance clearances (EOC). EOD
arisings from criminal and terrorist activities are included but are subject to separate current legal
forensic procedures.

D.2 Exclusions

The following arisings are excluded:

a) life expired or surplus items, in their authorised packaging, which are subject to formal
demilitarisation and disposal; and

b) disposals of logistic stock holdings that become unserviceable and in their authorised
packaging, except where subject to EOD action.

Any EOD action carried out prior to a move of explosive ordnance (EO) to short term licensed
storage is also excluded.

D.3 Legal Position

International legislation covering the classification, labelling, packaging, storage and transport of
explosives is drawn up to cover new or serviceable explosives in their authorised packaging. It
was never designed to cover EOD operations or EOD arisings. National technical authorities
should consider exempting EOD operations in its national regulatory framework for ammunition and
explosive storage and transport as each EOD incident is different. However the national technical
authority shall then ensure that its EOD organisations have systems in place, which are equally as
good.

D.3.1 Competent person

Certain procedures require the approval of a competent person. In respect of EOD arisings, a
competent person shall be nominated by the national technical authority but should be nominated
by the holding or consigning organisation. It would be logical that the holder of this post would be
competent by virtue of the successful completion of accredited EOD courses or the award of a
trade qualification.

D.4 Terminology

The operational phase of any EOD operation commences at the point to which EOD resources
deploy. In simplistic terms, the operator will destroy in-situ or move for disposal any EO found.
The operator applies his or her specialist technical knowledge to carry out an assessment to
determine whether the item is safe to move. The completion of the risk assessment for
transportation and possible concentration centrally of EOD arisings for later disposal lies with the
operator at the time of the EOD operation. The operator may move the EO to:

a) a more appropriate location for immediate disposal; or

28
 IATG 06.10:2015[E]
2nd Edition (2015-02-01)

b) when the volume or location of EOD arisings prevents immediate disposal and the operator
considers the item safe to transport to a segregated licensed storage location for later
disposal.

D.5 EOD operator action

The recovery phase of any EOD operation entails the move of EOD arisings from the discovered
location to a segregated licensed store. A safety assessment covering the possible movement of
hazardous substances may require completion. All EOD arisings to be moved shall be segregated,
packed and marked as the operator deems appropriate for this operational move. The items
should be packed in packaging appropriate to the EO nature and which affords sufficient
environmental and physical protection.

The planning phase of planned EOD operations such as area clearances should include the
procedures for the disposal of items found. Where EO is not destroyed in-situ during that working
week the EO shall be moved to short term licensed storage.

D.6 EOD storage

Recovered EOD arisings held in segregated licensed storage locations shall not be regarded as
being in an operational situation. The storage and transportation of these holdings from this point
should comply with the IATG guidelines in order to control these operations with regard to the
safety of life and property.

D.7 Classification of EOD arisings for storage and transport

All EOD arisings should be identified and classified items for storage and the final move from
storage to disposal. Problems areas that will be encountered are:

a) the validity of classification tests originally carried out on the store/package when pristine
may not reflect the current status;

b) where packaging exists, unserviceable items may have deteriorated or be damaged and
cannot be properly classified;

c) some items may be identifiable only by generic type, purpose, estimated net explosive
quantity (NEQ), fuzing and other hazards; and

d) other items may not be identifiable other than possibly being EO.

D.7.1 Disposal classifications

The following system is regarded as best practice but its use should require approval by the
national technical authority. Where the EOD operator or EOD Unit can positively identify the EOD
arisings, a disposal classification (DC) from the list at Appendix 1 may be awarded. If generic
identification is not possible, the item shall be grouped as DC of 1.1F.

D.7.2 Specific situations

There may be specific situations, such as large scale EOC or large finds, which cannot be dealt
with by DC procedures. On these occasions, the operationally responsible unit is to contact the
national technical authority for instruction. The national technical authority may grant a temporary
22
classification. Before classification is awarded the national technical authority may wish to
examine in detail the planning procedure from reconnaissance and identification through scale of
disposal to final disposal arrangements.

22
See IATG 01.50:2015[E] UN Explosive hazard classification system and codes.

29
 IATG 06.10:2015[E]
2nd Edition (2015-02-01)

D.8 EOD arisings – documentation and records

EOD arisings shall be accounted for and registers of holdings kept. This is an auditable document
and should show the item history from recovery to disposal. Accounting management is to be in
accordance with written approved procedures. Once packed, the package should be marked with
a unique identifier relating to the contents registered in the accounting system. System records
should be kept as a register to record every item identified, transported, stored and disposed of.
For recording purposes, closed records should be maintained for a minimum of five years.

D.9 Packaging

The competent person should be responsible for ensuring that only appropriate containers and
restraints are used for storage. If available, the correct ammunition container assembly (ACA) and
inner packaging fitments should be utilised. If not available, then only suitable, serviceable
ammunition containers should be used. When the correct or original packaging is not available, the
container contents should be secured against movement by use of expanded foam or other inert
packing medium. The package net mass limit for contents, specified in the UN package
certification mark for the outer container used shall not be exceeded and each package should be
sealed with ammunition seals. Internal separation of stores will be the norm, for which material
may be procured locally. To assist with the monitoring of NEQs against explosive limits, recovered
items should be segregated and grouped into correctly marked containers if possible.

D.9.1 Package markings for EOD arisings

No UN package certification mark should be applied to the outer container. However, all
containers should have the following basic markings applied both in storage and for the
subsequent movement to the point of disposal:

23
a) a generic description, or the letters FFE if inert;

b) the correct hazard classification code (HCC) and subsidiary risk labels are to be affixed;

c) the UN serial number;

d) the package all up weight (AUW) in kg;

e) the EOD organisation accounting reference of the item or items contained within; and

f) the estimated NEQ in kg.

Markings should be clear and legible and marked onto the container directly or by secure printed
adhesive label.

D.10 Ammunition natures recovered

D.10.1 HE

Any high explosive items should be further divided into Hazard Divisions (HD) 1.1, 1.2, fuzed and
unfuzed EO and stored in accordance with the explosives license.

D.10.2 Small arms ammunition (SAA)

All SAA should be held segregated by weight and packaged by type dependent upon lead content.
Pin-fire ammunition and SAA of 0.50 in calibre and above shall be stored separately. SAA is to be
sorted as follows:

23
Free From Explosive.

30
 IATG 06.10:2015[E]
2nd Edition (2015-02-01)

a) SAA with lead content;

b) SAA without lead content including powder cartridges; or

c) shot gun (all shot types).

D.10.3 Pyrotechnics

Recovered pyrotechnics should be packaged generically by type. Any safety mechanism such as
lanyards or pins are to be correctly fitted and, if necessary, secured by the application of suitable
adhesive tape. Fireworks shall be packed in such a way as to preclude the escape of loose
powder or filling from the container. Pyrotechnics should be grouped for storage and subsequent
disposal as follows:

a) 1.2G: rockets, rockets hand fired and line throwing apparatus;

b) 1.3G: distress flares and hand flares;

c) 1.4G: distress flares and hand flares; and

d) 1.4G: smoke natures.

D.10.4 Anti-riot and chemical training items

Only lachrymatory and anti-riot (AR) control agents may be held and these are to be identified as
24
those with or without explosive components. Where possible, CS natures should be packed or
retained in their designed packaging. Non-explosive natures should be packed separately and
marked accordingly. All natures must be packed in grey ammunition containers complete with
subsidiary risk labels. Any munitions containing chemical agents (Compatibility Group (CG) ‘K’)
should be dealt with as described below.

D.10.5 White phosphorus (WP)

If WP munitions have to be recovered, the guidelines in IATG 08.10 Transport of ammunition shall
be applied.

D.10.6 Inert items

Non-explosive and inert items should be boxed and certified free from explosives (CFFE). Where a
box is utilised for packing for final disposal, the accounting reference of the items contained should
be shown on the exterior. Items too large to be boxed should be packed separately in cage or post
pallets and an FFE certificate attached to each item or to the caged pallet in a prominent position.
If any doubt exists that an item of EO is FFE, it must be treated as an explosive article and stored
accordingly.

D.10.7 Licensing

The location, quantity and method of storing EOD arisings shall be formally endorsed by the
national technical authority and specified on the explosives licences for the PES.

D.10.8 Standards of storage

EOD arisings should be stored by disposal classification in at least dedicated segregated licensed
storage not holding other explosives or non-explosive stores. Isolated storage should be used if
available. While storage outside is not recommended, the relevant open stack site guidelines
should apply.

24
2-chlorobenzalmalononitrile (also called o-Chlorobenzylidene Malononitrile) (chemical formula: C10H5ClN2)

31
 IATG 06.10:2015[E]
2nd Edition (2015-02-01)

D.10.9 Safety certificates

EOD units without their own licensed storage should arrange for storage with another facility. The
EOD operator shall certify that the items are safe for segregated or isolated storage as appropriate.
A copy of this certificate shall be placed on the item or stack.

D.10.10 Time constraints

EOD arisings, except forensic evidence holdings, should be stored for no longer than 60 days
before being consigned and moved for final disposal. At the final disposal site, to allow flexibility in
large-scale disposal programmes, the EOD arisings may be stored for a further 60 days from the
date of delivery before being destroyed.

D.10.11 Transportation of EOD arisings

Transportation of EOD arisings shall be as per IATG 08.10 Transport of ammunition.

D.10.12 EOD chemical ammunition arisings

Chemical EOD arisings of compatibility group K shall be treated separately. Instructions for anti-
riot natures and chemical training items are not subject to this instruction. Chemical EOD arisings
shall be stored in segregated storage. Packaging of recovered chemical munitions is the
responsibility of the recovering unit in accordance with their national procedures. Marking of
packages should be as per this IATG. The munitions shall be moved to the national disposal
facility as per national instructions.

32
 IATG 06.10:2015[E]
2nd Edition (2015-02-01)

Appendix 1 to Annex D
(informative)
UXO recoveries – classification list (LEVEL 3)

Hazard
UN Serial
Explosive Substance or Ammunition Type Classification
Number
Code
Ammunition, Smoke, White Phosphorus (water activated contrivances, with burster,
1.2L 0248
expelling charge or propelling charge)
Ammunition, Smoke, White Phosphorus (with burster, expelling charge or propelling 1.2H 0245
charge) 1.3H 0246
Ammunition, Toxic (with burster, expelling charge or propelling charge) 1.2K 0020
1.3K 0021
Ammunition, Toxic (water activated contrivances, with burster, expelling charge or 1.2L 0248
propelling charge) 1.3L 0249
Articles, Explosive, NOS 1.1C 0462
1.1D 0463
1.1E 0464
1.1F 0465
1.1L 0354
1.2C 0466
1.2D 0467
1.2E 0468
1.2F 0469
1.2L 0355
1.3C 0470
1.3L 0356
1.4B 0350
1.4C 0351
1.4D 0352
1.4E 0471
1.4F 0472
1.4G 0353
1.4S 0349
Components, Explosive Train, NOS 1.1B 0461
1.2B 0382
1.3B 0383
1.DS 0384

Table C.1: List of Hazard Classification Codes for UXO recoveries

NOTE 2 Although the compatibility group is irrelevant as the HD is the most important characteristic the combination
of HD and CG is essential because a complete classification and UN serial number can be allocated.
NOTE 3 NOS = not otherwise specified. This allows the allocation of a UN number to unknown articles but that are
in the expert judgement of the EOD operator most closely linked to the particular disposal classification
selected.

33
 IATG 06.10:2015[E]
2nd Edition (2015-02-01)

Annex E
(informative)
Ventilation – equipment and procedures (LEVEL 3)

E.1 Common thermometers

One common thermometer (normal wet bulb thermometer) should be provided for each explosive
storehouse (ESH) or group of ESH qualifying for ventilation. ESH similar in type and construction
may be grouped for this purpose on the advice of the head of the establishment. Common
thermometers should be installed in positions as follows where they are unaffected by draughts
and can be read without being handled. The following criteria should apply:

a) in a non-heated class A ESH the thermometer may be placed on any inside wall;

b) in a non-heated class B ESH the thermometer should be placed on an inside wall, the
exterior of which is in contact with the earth traverse or native rock or soil; and

c) in a heated ESH, the thermometer should be installed remote from main heating sources
and not more than one metre above floor level.

E.2 Wet and dry bulb thermometers

E.2.1 Location and set up

Every ammunition storage facility should be provided with at least one wet and dry bulb
thermometer, the use of which is to be controlled by the head of the establishment. Atmospheric
conditions, especially in relation to the amount of water vapour in the atmosphere, can vary
between locations in close proximity, especially where there are steep hills. This effect may be
intensified when prevailing winds blow off the sea or across desert country.

In areas where it is considered possible that topographical and climatic factors may give rise to
such local variations, additional wet and dry bulb thermometers should be installed at suitable
points to establish if this is the case. Should the variations warrant the additional use of wet and
dry bulb thermometers they are to be installed permanently.

Each wet and dry bulb thermometer should be installed out of doors in a permanent correctly
designed screen. The screen should provide protection from direct or reflected sunlight, rain,
draughts and wind. The position of the thermometer should be such that it can be read without
being handled.

The wet bulb should be well supplied with water and the muslin covering and strand of wick kept
clean, thoroughly wet and in good condition at all times. The muslin should cover the bulb
completely and no reading is to be taken without ensuring that it is thoroughly wet. Distilled water
should be used whenever possible. Should this be impracticable then rain water, filtered if
necessary, may be used instead. Tap water or sea water shall not be used. Only the supplied
water container should be used and containers are to be emptied and rinsed out, with distilled or
rain water, at least once a month to prevent the accumulation of impurities. The muslin or wick
should be replaced every fortnight or as soon as it shows any sign of becoming dirty or
unserviceable.

E.2.2 Accuracy

All approved thermometers should be manufactured to agreed international best practice

specifications, which call for a high degree of accuracy. It is important that all thermometers in use
remain accurate. Wet and dry bulb thermometers should give identical readings when both bulbs

34
 IATG 06.10:2015[E]
2nd Edition (2015-02-01)

are dry. Common thermometers should be compared with a wet and dry bulb thermometer.
Where appreciable variations are noted, arrangements should be made with local meteorological
authorities for the thermometers to be tested and a correction factor then applied. When this is
impracticable the thermometer should be replaced. Spare receptacles containing water shall not
be stored in the screen with the thermometer because this may increase the humidity of the
surrounding air and lead to incorrect results.

E.3 Reading of thermometers

No reading should be taken for at least an hour after cleaning or adjusting a thermometer.
Observers should read thermometers so that their line of sight is at right angles to the scale.

In order to avoid heating effects from the warmth of their breath or bodies or from torches they
should not approach the thermometer too closely. They should avoid breathing on the wet bulb
because this may cause a slight variation in local humidity in addition to the possible heating error.
Readings shall not be taken when the water of the wet and dry thermometer is frozen.

E.4 Care of thermometers

After installation, thermometers should only be handled when it is necessary to clean the scale,
rewet the muslin on the wet bulb, or to clean or refit the water container of the wet and dry bulb
thermometer. These operations should be performed with the least possible disturbance of the
instrument.

E.5 Ventilation of ESH

When ventilation procedures are applicable to particular ESH or ammunition stocks the ESH
should be opened for ventilation purposes when directed by the head of the establishment or an
authorised representative. The actual times at which the thermometers should be read and ESH
opened will depend on local conditions and the head of the establishment should issue orders to
suit local circumstances.

Local instructions should be issued as to the use of this equipment because so many types are
available on the market that it is impossible to provide guidelines on all types available.

ESH should be closed as soon as favourable conditions cease to apply unless this is impracticable
due to work continuing. Ventilation shafts and all other openings should be closed as well as doors
and windows.

35
 IATG 06.10:2015[E]
2nd Edition (2015-02-01)

Amendment record
Management of IATG amendments

The IATG guidelines are subject to formal review on a five-yearly basis, however this does not
preclude amendments being made within these five-year periods for reasons of operational safety
and efficiency or for editorial purposes.

As amendments are made to this IATG they will be given a number, and the date and general
details of the amendment shown in the table below. The amendment will also be shown on the
cover page of the IATG by the inclusion under the edition date of the phrase ‘incorporating
amendment number(s) 1 etc.’

As the formal reviews of each IATG are completed new editions may be issued. Amendments up
to the date of the new edition will be incorporated into the new edition and the amendment record
table cleared. Recording of amendments will then start again until a further review is carried out.

The most recently amended, and thus extant, IATG will be the versions that are posted on the UN
SaferGuard IATG website at www.un.org/disarmament/un-saferguard/.

Number Date Amendment Details

0 01 Feb 15 Release of Edition 2 of IATG.

36