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Practical Research 1 Patterns of Citation

The document summarizes different citation patterns used when writing research papers, including summaries, paraphrases, short and long direct quotations. It provides examples and guidelines for each citation type, such as keeping short quotations under 40 words. The document also discusses reasons for quoting other authors' work and guidelines for tense use and attributing sources to avoid plagiarism.

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Chad Cadizal
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1K views

Practical Research 1 Patterns of Citation

The document summarizes different citation patterns used when writing research papers, including summaries, paraphrases, short and long direct quotations. It provides examples and guidelines for each citation type, such as keeping short quotations under 40 words. The document also discusses reasons for quoting other authors' work and guidelines for tense use and attributing sources to avoid plagiarism.

Uploaded by

Chad Cadizal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1

Patterns of Citation
1. Summary
- The citation in this case is a shortened version of the original text that is expressed in your
own language. Making the text short, you have pick out only the most important ideas or
aspects of the text.
2. Paraphrase
- Instead of shortening the form of the text, you explain what the text means to your using
your own words. Your explanations may decrease or exceed the number of words of the
original text.
3. Short Direct Quotation
- Only part of the author’s sentence, the whole sentence, or several sentences, not
exceeding 40 words. It is necessary that you give the number of the page where the
readers can find the copied words.
- Example: Context is influenced by these four factors: “language, culture, institutions, and
ideologies.” (Aranda, 2015, p.8)
4. Long Direct Quotation or Block Quotation, or Extract
- This citation pattern makes you copy the author’s exact words numbering from 40 up to 100
words. Under APA, the limit is eight lines. Placed at the center of the page with no
indentation, the copied lines look like they compose a stanza of a poem.
- Example: The latest study by (Hizon, 2015) reveals the social nature of language. Stressing
this nature if language, he says:
“ Language features result from the way people use language to meet their social needs. In
their interactions, they use language to describe, compare, agree, explain, disagree, and so
on. Each language function requires a certain set of language… for connecting ideas.
(p.38)”
Reasons to justify your act of quoting or repeating in writing other people’s words (Ransome 2013)
1. The idea is quite essential
2. The idea is refutable or arguable
3. The sentence is ambiguous or has multiple meanings
4. There’s a strong possibility that questions may be raised about the citation
5. It is an excellent idea that to make it a part of your paper will bring prestige and credibility to
your entire work.
APA- American Psychological Association
- (Ramos, 2015) or Ramos 2016
MLA- Modern Language Association
- (Bautista 183), Flores et.al. 150-158)
- (Acosta, Hizon, Lopez 235-240)
- Velarde 4:389-403)- for periodicals

5. Tense of verbs for reporting


- Active verbs are effective words to use in reporting authors’ ideas. Present their ideas in any
of these tense: present, simple past, or present perfect tense. The APA system, however,
prefers to use of present perfect tense.
Present tense- Marcos explains…
Past tense- Marcos explained…
Present perfect tense- Marcos has explained…

Plagiarism
- Is an act of quoting or copying the exact words of the writer and passing the quoted words
off as your own words. The leading act of plagiarism is using the words of the original text
in expressing your understanding of the reading material. The right way to avoid plagiarism
is to express the borrowed ideas in your own words. (Ransome 2013)

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