2 Exam information p4 4 Bands and fans Present simple ad continuous Freee activites 6 Gappesten Pars) pé Present hab be used o/9et.se3t0 0.10 | Deducng wares ncantext 9 ona mus festvel wed ito Imusic Hobtinthe post sedtorvoude S| Pasa vets ithiate TT amonepating monster DB Review 1915 12. | Relative values ‘Adverbs and adjecwes Sree formation of adjectives .17 Multiple matching (Pa 7) pe Sdjectves modifiers an mersers 20. | Prasl verbs p19 | Stouityou flown your ‘amy ‘atts partems:ingorfiasve 222 ‘amily Sioostens? 918 Review 2.25 aaa | Things thatmatter | Using mosfersforcomparson, | Money p26 Multis choice Part 5) 3 | the | comparing quantnes 928 ‘adadjecives and propostions p31 lyeu need love and cart) Frappines Present perfect and past sme, | 230 \ Preset erect mpeg: cantruous? 32 t \ Asana ie p58 \ Review 335 Progress test 136 = 7H 4, | Forces of nature Articles definte, indefinite and ze p40 | Compound words 39 Mutiple matching Per 7 pas Narativefoms pat Negative preiesurinadjecvespai__ ven" The eae Einar Inloms the body 943 Superhuman 38) Review 4 9.47 = == ] 5 | Emtyourheertout | Exxesions of quantity, Subjecverb | Food pa Multiple choice Part 5) pa asjeement 94 The deat of coking? p52 i) Fassive forms Pesvereponing verosp54 | | Review 5 p57 7 ] 6 | Inthe potignt Future forms 61 Thearts p59 Gapped te Par 6) B58 Future perfect and contnvousp.64 | Wo formation 93 Sharing hese ove the rs of | Srtereinment Expressions with get p65 theselRe and dgtal nazsssm 368 [Review 6 p67 Progress test 2068 == 7 | Aplaceto lve | Model verbs 0.72 Phrasal verbsp71 Multiple matching (Par 7) pio Relatve clauses So such ton encugh, | Desrbna laces 74 Trestugale ofthe net p70 laces venitisp76 theres pT7 Tae! colocators and phrasal eros p75 Review7 p79 Z = 8 | Moving on Reporting vers sy speak tal p83 | Cllacaions and phresl verbs with | Multiple matching (Part?) ps0 Reportedstatemets Reported questions | work pet Totbeenasoftheearh pt | [from andimpeatives p88 Uinkng words andexpressons 984 Concrete and absveetrouns 987 Review8 p89 SS ] 1g) | tueky beaker Conaltional arms p92 chance opportuni, possibity 991 | Gapped ex (Part) p90 “rd conditional 298 Word building 993 Big decison ahead? ust ake a fokand chance | Success aed alte p97 chance 90 Review9 p99 Progress test 3.100 a | 410 | Frlends for fe onetinal inking werd 108 ‘Compound adjectives personality 103 | aiulpe choice (ars) pros Parties ing onde) 108 Easl-contused adjectives 105 Amat made in heaven 9108 Iensnio Fhvatl verbs with come 107 Review 10p111 | 41 | Nothing to fear but fear | Nice conationals 114 Prefesthat change meaning p11 | Gapped tex (Far 6) pin Hypothetical meaning 118 Adjecivesand verbs with prepositons, | Leaving yourcomiorzone 112 = Phrasal verbs ith of 9117 Review 119121 12 | Gime scene ‘Obligation prehbon and necestyp.123 |] Cybercrime 124 usp cea 5) pie Reflex pronouns 128 Shoppngonine p125 Novel exract One good tn | Gime Havergetsameting dave 9129 Vespa? | p26 Review 12 p131 Progress test p 132 = Visuals for Speaking p34 Communicationactivtiesp 138 Grammar references 140 Writing reference 165 ContentsInforma email Part2} Using informal language p14 ‘Muhiple-choice cove Part 1) Drumming up business p11 ‘Maltigle matching (Par 3) My music p12 j Interview (Per 1) i ‘Asking and answering questions 7 | 5 Collaborative as Fart 3) i | Essay (Par 1), 7 Word formation art 3) Multiple choice Part 4) Using linkers forcontast p24 How wellde you row yoursel??p.17 | Bith orderp.21 Agreeing and disagreeing (p23) | ” aide Per 2 Open cloze Part2) Sentence completion art2) | Long tum Por 2) Engaging the reader p34 Hyage The ar ofsimple pleasures | Gwingitallanayo.2? Comparing, specuatng. contesting | pa | p23) = | | Essay (Part) ‘Word formation Part 3) ] Muti coice (ar 4) Collaborative task Per 3) Brea ard sapere p46 | Desh vay Journeystothe South Pole pA2 | Ranking 045, | Review (Pan?) "Open cloze (Pan 2) | Sentence completion (art2) Long turn Part 2) | Descbing pasonleperencenss | Whrdopecpebeciiizaso | Theimeeraceafccong p51 | Camengard ging areacton } a: : Report (a2) Mutipie » GRAMMAR REFERE! p.l40 Interview (Part |) listening to and answering questions EXAM FOCUS 0.18 ©) In Part 1 of the Speaking test, you have two minutes to answer some questions in which you give personal information and opinions. Match questions 1-6 to typical topics A-F. How importantis music to you? Tell us about your closest fiend, ‘What do you like about the place where you were brought up? What subject did you enjay most at school? What do you think you'llbe doing in five years’ time? Where do you think you'll go on holiday this year? your personal relationships your home town your job or studies yo your travel plans your future plans ee-time activities amoOnw>auruns ©) write two more questions for each topic A-F. Use question words such as what (kind), when, how (many), who, why, where. ( © 03 Listen to Julia and Stefan and answer the questions. 11 Which of the questions in Activity 8 were they each asked? 2 What did Stefan say when he didn’t understand the question? 3 What could Julia have said when she didn't know the word for marks? {1D How well did they both answer the questions? Use a number between 1 (lowest) and 5 (highest) to give your opinion on the areas assessed in the Speaking test. ‘+ renge of grammar and vocabulary * developing an answer without too much hesitation pronunciation [B Choose one question from each topic in Activities 8 and 9 and ask your partner. Unit[BD Look at the photos and discuss the questions. 41. Name as many diferent kinds of music genres asyou can, Wich are the most popularin your country? 2 Whatis the attraction of going to music festivals like the one inthe photograph? What negative aspects right there be? 3 Have you ever been toa music festival ike the one in the photograph? If so, which bands or musicians did you see? If nat, would you lke to go? IM When the American 90s roc band Pearl am put on @ concert in the dried-up, baking-hot Coachella Valley in Califo, i was an attempt to prove that dey could break away fiom che monopoly of the concert giant TicketMaster, who, they believed, was using its considerable power to exploit music fans by continually inereasing prices. Their concer tras well attended and inanied the idea fora fur, more fumbisous event. Naturally, nobody could have predicted Ghite how imporent Coachella would eventually become. Xx years later, in 1999, the same venue hosted its first weekend-long music festival. Although initially making a loss, this was blamed on the unbearably high temperatures and the lack ofavailable campsite facilities.[ 1] € ] What's ‘more, it took only a few more years uncil its quali line-ups, from small bands to headliners, were attracting worldwide attention. {Wi irone band is responsible for conficming Coachella's arrival on the world stage, itis Dafe Punk's iconic appearance there in 2006. [2] Asa direct result of the festival's success, promoters expanded it to a three-day event, and in 2009, Coachella presented its most mainstream line-up, including Paul McCartney, the Killers and The Cure. The following year Jay-Z became the first rap headliner and by 2012 such ‘was the popularity of Coachella that ic had developed into two weekends of three-day shows unit 1 a READING FOCU: BD You are going to read a newspaper article about an American music festival, Coachella. Read the article quickly for gist and choose the phrase 1-7 which best summarises each paragraph A-G. The first one is done for you. appealing to the target market D getting bigger and better choosing between two. the original inspiration for Coachella a fashionable destination ‘a money-making success ‘overcoming problematic beginnings sousuna WB In an effore to artace Americas impoverished younger {generation to an expensive annual visit 0 the desert, the promoters made two clever decisions. One smart move was to get a much-missed band or singer such as Rage Against the Machine to reform every year. Most notable was a holographic representation of the late rapper 2Pac in 2012, [EL] Ina stoke of genius, ehey decided vo cate far the section of the audience who adored the music that used to be labelled electronic and who flocked to dance in big tents to their favourite DJs. IB By keeping its cool musical reputation, the festival ‘would go from strength to strength. In 2016, half « million fans boughe their tickers in under 20 minutes and each year around 100,000 attendees a day now splash aus around $375 ‘anadmission, Of course, the eosts don't stop there.[-4 1 —_] eis now the most profitable festival in the world. JE _Juse wo hours from Los Angeles, Coachella swiftly ‘became the place to see and be seen. 3] The presence of models and other celebrities soon began to atract style bloggers, drawn by the fashion rather than the music, Which, in tom, has made Coschella irsistible to fashion houses, beauty companies and other lifestyle labels. (© Although for several years luxury brands have been hosting free concerts and pool parties for invited guests and photographing Instagram stars modelling designer clothes, this has until recenely been outside festival hours. [=] —] As a resul,they are now effectively separate events, toe point that ‘No-chella' as it has become known, is, in the opinion of some, in danger of overshadowing the ‘real’ festival. Coachella has certainly come a long way from the original anti-estabishment Pearl Jam gig,USE OF ENGLISH FOCU: lem Read the first two paragraphs again and answer the questions. 11_Inthe first paragraph, what do the referencing words in tales link to? 2 Read option Ein Activity 6. What does these issues refer back to in the second paragraph? What other links can you find in the sentence following gap 1? 1D Read the text before and after gaps 2-6 and guess what information might be missing, |B underline the referencing words around the Japs and in the options and work out what ideas or synonyms they refer to. EXAM TIP Look for words in the options which link tothe ideas and language before and after each gap in the text Gapped text (Part 6) > EXAM GI sixsentences have been removed from the article. Choose from sentences A-G the one which fits each gap. There is one extra sentence which you do not need to use. ‘A. The appeal ofits location ~ palm trees, guaranteed sunshine, warm temperatures ~is not difficult, tounderstand, B_ When refreshments, merchandise, trensport and accommodation are taken into account, the expense of attending rises dramatically Fear of missing out on another such memorable performance caused huge demand for tickets the following yeer D Lately, however, increasingly extravagant marketing by the fashion industry means that attendees are ‘now preferring to stay away from the music concertitsef. Fortunately, these /ssues were soon resolved. On this occasion, medical professionals treated ‘numerous audience members forheatstroke. G Theirother idea was even more brilliant. ‘Compare your answers and give reasons for your choices based on Activity 4. Then re-read the text with your answers in the gaps to check it makes sense, ©) Write down five reasons why you would or wouldn't like to go to Coachella. Think about the music, location, cost, facilities, ete. Then discuss your answers in groups. Vocabulary deducing words in context BD Look at the underlined words and phrases in the article and options and try to work out the meaning from the context or from the word itself. Then match each one to a definition of the verbs 1-9 and the adjectives 10-14. Example: splash outs? (.. $375 there...) 1. spend lotof money 2 show something is definitely rue 3. finda solution (toa problem) 4 goinlerge numbers 5 try toget as much as possible (sometimes unfairly) 6 7 8 costs don't stop consider facts when making a decision make something seem lessimportant provide people with what they want 9 gvetheidea for 10 good but ifficut 11. somecne or something famous and important 12 impossible to refuse 13 makes. lot of money 14 very poor D Work in pairs. Compare your answers, then work out the meaning of five more new words from the article. Unit 1 Bandsandfans 9Present time > GRAMMAR simple and continuous forms Look at the pairs of sentences and say why the speaker has used the present simple or present continuous in each case. Example: 74 means possess (st 1A cket to B_ limhaving a shower 2A nger appears to be B Do you know wh this year? 3 A He'sbeing really kind B He's really kind 4 A ttdepends onh 0 B se everything, 5A B Joe's iasting t 6 A Mycomputer'sal some reason, B_ He always helps me with my computer when Read the text quickly for gist. What kind of people are buying vinyl these days? Complete the text with the present simple or present continuous form of the verbs in brackets. ‘Thess days vinyl (1) (enjoy) a remarkable comeback in many countries all over the world In fac, itis so popular in some places nowadays that even mainstream supermarkets @ (begin) to stock it and it (3) (appear) that the reason for buying vinyl Is not just older people ‘being nostalgic. Theres also a generatlon of younger music fons who (4) (dike) the original look and sound of vinyl. Furthermore, vinyl offen (6) (come) with catiistic covers and sleeve notes that people (6) (want) to collect and show off to thelr friends, Apparenty, men (7) (be) still the most serious collectors of vinyl but things (8) (change), Increasingly, people @ (ong) thelr parents’ old records down from dusty lofts and (10) (make) c design feature oftheir record players and viny! collections in ther living rooms, to/get used to ‘What do you think you would have to get accustomed to if you went to a music festival for the first time? Read the extracts from Sarah’s messages about her experiences of camping at a music festival. Decide whether statements 1-3 are true (T) or false (F). | don't sleep very well because I'm not used to lying on the hard ground with so litle space to move around, I'm getting used to paying a fortune every time | want something to eat, ‘Are you getting used to the peace and quiet now that Dan and | aren't around? Which form of the verb follows used to in the present:-ing or to infinitive? Imagine that you have just started work for the first time after leaving college. Write sentences about two things that 1 youdoor 2 youaredei ily at ‘Work in pairs and compare your sentences. Do you have anything in common?USE OF ENGLISH FOC! Multiple-choice cloze (Part |) > EXAM BD Quickly read the text about a musician and say what is unusual about Josh Freese's relationship with his fans. Don't worry about the gaps yet. © Look at the example (0). Why are options A, B and D wrong? Think about which two verbs are used with places rather than people, and which one does not fit grammatically. Read the text around gap 1 and answer the questions. Which word do you think might fit here? Lock at the options. Which of the verbs A-D can be followed by of? Choo 8 1 2 3 the phrase which EXAM TIP Decide what kind of word might fit each gap before looking at the options. Then check ‘around each gap to make sure that the option you choose fits with the other words. GD For questions 2-8, decide which answer (A, B, Cor D) best fits each gap. DRUMMING UP BUSINESS Josh Freese is a very successful drummer (0) .C, bated. in Los Angeles. You probably wont have (1) ‘of him but hes played with some very successful bands, When Freese (2) his frst solo album, called Since 1972, he decided to set up a system where fans could buy something unique. By (3) with fans directly, he hoped to sell more of his music. “The idea was thatf you paid $50 for his music, you would also geta personal five-minute'thankyou’ phone call Salesofthealbum quickly took (4), But there were other possible choices which gave fans the opportunity to meet Freese in (5) - The option to have lunch with Freese for $250 © out in about a week. Fans could also (7) 2 private drum lesson from Freese for $2,500. There were other offers ranging from $10,000 to $75,000 Not all of these were taken (8) by fans, buta teenager from Florida actually purchased the $20,000 option and spent a week on tour with Freese. 0 A situated B located € based D lived 1A recognised B noticed heard D known 2 A released B sen € presented D brought 3 B € contacting D communicating 4 Bout € off Din 5 B € life D face 6 B gave © sold Diet 7 B rece € collect D gain 8 B back C away Dup © Work in pairs. Compare your answers and say why you chose them. © Discuss the questions. 1. Doyou think thisis a good way for artists to promote heir music? Vocabulary phrasal verbs with take DD complete the sentences with the correct form of the phrasal verbs in the box. One phrasal verb is used twice with different meanings, take after take back take off take over take up 1 Hisca assoon ashe won the prize and row he's really successful 2 He who's also really musical 3 Igaveup the piano and the saxophone instead 4 Hefinaly my iv join the band 5 Tom asthe band’s manager when Sam left. 6 Imade him sibathe said about my taste in music. LANGUAGE TIP Ifthe phrasal verb has an object, the particle can sometimes come either before or after the ‘object. This isshown by the symbol <-> in the dictionary. have taken up the saxophone J have taken the saxophone up. However, ifthereisa pronoun, the particle must come after the object. have taken it up. NOT Hhave-tekerrupt. unit 4 "2 ISTENING FOCU: | on e606 LANGUAGE TIP Notice that sometimes willis used to talk about present habits. My friends and / will spend hours playing different tracks... EXAM TIP Listen for words and phrases that are synonyms ‘or paraphrases of the key ‘words in the statements, Unit vd far Multiple matching (Part 3) > EXAM FOCUS p18) [By Tick the statements which are true for you. Then work in pairs and compare. ‘A Like following my favourite musicians on social media, B often ouy albums online | spend alot of time watching music videos. D | like music that most other people haven't heard of. E (have quite varied taste in music. F | enjoy sharing music with my friends GL always listen to music when I'm ina bad mood. H_ often disagree with my friends about music. © 04 You will hear five people talking about listening to music. Listen to Speaker 1. Which things does he mention? his favourite bands his taste in music social media Look at the extracts from Speaker 1 (1-4). Which one matches one of the statements A-H in Activity 1? Underline the words which say the same thing. ina different way. 11 Now''m just into the same stuff as everyone else— hip hop mainly, 2 Some people ! know always want tobe diferent so they'll only listen to new bands thet haven't become popular yet 3. My fiends and | will spend hours playing different tracks to each other and making up new playists. t's fun, 4 | don’t really bother with following my favourite bands on instagram or anything like that © © os Now listen to Speakers 2-5. Match statements from the list A-H in Activity 1 with what each speaker says. Use the letters only once. There are three extra letters which you do not need to use. Speaker2 (] Speaker3 J] speakers (] Speaker 5 [_] 1 Work in pairs and compare your answers. Which paraphrases did you hear? Listen again to check. 1B) Work in pairs and discuss the questions. 1. Compare the kinds of music you ike listening to, and how and when you listen tot 2 What kind of music do you dislike, and in what situations do you prefer not to have to listen toit?Habit in the past used to/would > GRAMMAR 2EFERENCE [BD Look at the extracts from the recor answer the questions. | used! to watch alot of videos on YouTube. | used to be obsessed with music videos When ( was growing up, my mum would often plav 70s disco music and dance around the kitchen. Does she still watch videos on YouTube? Isshe still obsessed with music videos? Did her mother listen to 70s music? ‘Which underlined verb describes a past state? ‘Which underined verbs describe a past habit? ‘Which of the underlined verbs can you use to describe both past states and habits? LANGUAGE TIP Be careful not to confuse used to do (describing ppast habit and states) with be/get used to doing (be accustomed to doing something in the present or the past. Used to + bare infinitive describes past habits and states used to hate classical music. (= but now Hike it) Did you use to like disco music? (at atime inthe past) Jwas/got used to being alone as a child, (= t's ‘something that happened alot and I don’t ind it) .g and auswna [ED choose the correct option in italics to complete ‘the sentences. Sometimes both options are possible. Explain your choices. 1. Myparents would always/alnays used to listen to classical music in the car. 2. Every year they would/used to go to a jazz festival which took place near our home. 3 |remember my dad would/used to have a huge callection of vinyl when we were young, 4 Mymum would/used to know ell the words to every song by Madonna BD work in pairs. 1. Talk about the kind of music your femily would listen to when you were younger. 2. What kind of music did you use to ike and didn’tyou use to like? 3 What did you get used to? Is there something you never got used to? ©) complete the text with the present simple, present continuous, used to or would form of the verbs in brackets. Sometimes more than possible. ‘Tom Carter is now a farmer, but his life was once very different. Until @ few years ago, | (1) (2) the lead vocalist na band, in the old days, record companies 2) (Give) musicians a cash advance to make albums and videos and then after the album was released, we (3) ... (0) on tour, When, we got back, we (4). _ (Sta) work on anew aloum, We (8) (have) a lot of fun, even though we (6) .... (@soihave to) be away from our famiies for months at @ time. It's all completely diferent these days, I's offen necessary for musicians (7) .. . (aise) money themselves fo release ther own records, which can be very dificut. Because of the crowded media market they (8) (compete) even harder wih other bands. In the age of social media, fans also play a bigger role. They 9) eeesssnersene (WANE) NEW alloUMs all the time and also (10) (xpect) to hear from the musicians directly on Twitter. | know musicians of my age (11) all very difficult to get used to, (find) it ‘Work in pairs and discuss the questions. How has accessing music changed over the years? Do you follow any musicians on social media? Which ones? Inwhat ways has your taste in music changed over the lastten years? Unit GRAMMAR FOCUS Py 13Informal email (Part 2) Gy which of the expressions 1-4 could you use to using informal language end the email to Josh? > WRITING PEFE 11 Hope to hear from yousoon 5 2. look forward to hearing from you. [El Work in pairs and discuss the questions. : ay 3 Can't wait to see you in the summer. 1. How easyisit to see live music where you live? A, Dost heshateta gant yor ave aay 2. Would you travel abroad to go to a music festival more questions. or concert? a ; 3. What advice would you ge to someone who isvisting EE Read the exam task and tick the information ‘your country about where to see live music? (1-6) you could include in your email to Max. Read the exam task and answer the questions. | You have received an email froma student called Max, Read this part of the email and write your ave to write to? 1. Whodoyou have to write to Vacate 2 Whyare you writing? 3. What kind of syle do you have to write in? Sa = — ee Tm moving to your town soon to goto college. You've received an email from your English friend Josh Can you tell me what kinds of things there are to Read this part of the email and write your email to Josh |. 2 the eanng for sti arc What yu ee | doing Thanks {Im really looking forward to visiting you this summer. If possible, Ti really ike to see some live music. Can | you tell me what kind of music is popular with you and your friends? How easy is it to get tickets for concerts? | tanks Max Write your email in 140~190 words in an appropriate style. Sesh 1. recommend some places to go 2 offerto take Max out one evening ‘Write your email in 140-190 words in an 3 tell him about the most expensive restaurants in appropriate syle. 7 your town BE sec ck meine a 4. complain about the lack of entertainment venues ook at the model answer and choose the : most suitable word or phrase in italics for an eee poe ios eneaonk liformall eval neither icon GB write 1 (informal) or F (formal) next to the phrases 1-6 and add any other ways of recommending or suggesting. Hi Josh Yes, can't wait to see you, too! I's good you want to see some live music wihile you're here because in my town (3) there's @ music festival every ‘summerfan annual music festival takes place so (2) you will have the ‘opportuiity/you'l be able to see lots of local bands play. Unfortunately, one of them is very famous but there's a fantastic atmosphere there ‘and I always (3) find it very enjoyable/enioy going a lot. Also, the tickets ‘are very reasonable and you can spend the whole day there. Of course, lke all my friends, 1 (4) am mainly interested in/have a preference for rock bands but you can find reggae and traditional music there too ~ (5) you won't be disappointed because there's something for everyone/it ‘offers something for everyone, which means no one will be disappointed. ‘There aren't any large music venues near where I live, so its not that easy for me to go to big concerts very often. (6) But/However, one of ry favourite bands, Soundtracks, is playing in the nearest city on 22 August, so (7) ifyou like, I could you're interested, 1 be willing to Get tickets for us to go to that. (©) Let me know what you think,/Pease reply as soon as possible, Alice would advise you to The best place to eats You realy must goto Ifyou feel ike dancing, there's a good club in You should definitely ty I'd highly recommend visiting ‘Write your email, using some of the language from Activities 3 and 6. Then check your work, using the writing checklist on page 165. EXAM TIP Don’t mix informal and formal styles in your eral Leain some different ways of starting and ending your informal emails 14 unit 15:Complete the second sentence so that ithas a imilar meaning to the first sentence, using the ‘word given, Use between two and five words, including the word given. Example: | was given responsibility for booking gigs for our band. OVER Last month | teok over booking ass, for our band. | enjoyed learning to play the guitar and I'd like to take itup again one day. USED a learning to play the quitarand I tke to take it up again one day. We always went to the jazz festival every July. wouLD We to the jazz festival every July. \pertorm in front of people athe time, so don’t ming deingit. used Hl senna in front of people, so don't mind doingit Her career was an instant success as soon as she anpeared ina TV advert. TOOK Her career a Wadvert. Unfortunately, 'm not ike my grandfather, who could play the piano really well, AFTER Unfortunately could pay the piano realy wel When we started going out, | disiked my boyfriend's ‘taste in music but it’s becoming less of a problem. USE 1 cnn My boyfriend's taste in music but it’s becoming less of a problem. 2s soon as she appeared in my grandfather, who ‘Complete the sentences with the present imple or present continuous form of the verbs in brackets. I (not ike) classical music. Idon’tunderstand what you itagain, please? My teacher (not think) i's a good idea to learn ‘an instrument when you'te too young. She's never at home. She (atays do} something in the evening, Traditional music........ (ge) more ane! more popular. You (lay) really well today. (say). Can yousay Choose the correct option (A, B, Cor D) to complete the sentences. 1 My brother's always..... of doing his homework. A playing —«sB doing» C play do 2. DoYOU eNjoy ann time with your friends? A doing B spending € do —_D spend 3 I'mdetermined to learn the. this year A waterskiing 8 youa 4) When lived on my OWN, Ia A went B practised C did ..computer games instead D made ‘Complete the text with the words in the box. ambitious conficm exploit person profitable put raise release AND In the old days, young people used to join a fan club, and receiving signed photographs from their heroes was probably enough to keep them happy. These days, however, the balance of power has shifted, In order to (1) _toney for new projects, musicians are now turning to their fants to crowd-fund them so that they can afford to @ _ new music. For artists who want to stay inthe public eye, iis no longer enough to simply (3) oma concert or appear ata festival: if they want their work to be (4). i they must also encourage thelr fans to (5) their popularity by ‘liking’ videos repeatedly on social media. However, ifthey are not to (6) them, musicians are required to give their fans something in return and autographs, ot even selfies, are no longer enough. Fans are now more (1)... us and ‘meet and greet’ sessions, where they can meet theirheroes in @ sare becoming increasingly ‘more common, * C guitar D Spanish much more exercise 1516 9 BN RES 1 2 How likely are youto.. spend mast evenings on socal media? get talking to people on a train or plane? always think you ar right? make dedksions quick? argarse a party? discuss a problem openly awth fiends or family? Unit2 Discuss the questions. How do you think your friend: scribe your persor What personality characterist 1 share with other mem Do the personality quiz. Very Quite Neither likely Quite Very likely likely rnorunlikely unlikely unlikely Turn to page 138 to get your results. Then complete sentences 1-6 s0 they are true for you. im very likely to 4 find it difficult to tendto 5 There's noway''d ‘m good at... -ing. 6 There's slight chance I might Work in pairs. Compare your sentences and discuss the questions. How much do you What did you leam from your results? Do you think this is an accurate test of personality?EXAM TIP Ie’ important to think about the meaning, notust the ‘grammar, so always read the text before filing in the gaps. Sometimes you have ‘todecideifa wordis singular or plural orifit has positive ornegative meaning Vocabulary formation of adjectives & copy and complete the table with the adjective forms of the nouns in the box. care caution comfort drama emotion generosity harm help hope love meaning pessimist prediction reliability sympathy use ea % ful socable | adventurous [realistic ‘| practic! | thoughtful [Fl © 06 Mark the stress on each adjective, then listen and check. Practise saying ‘the words. Which adjectives have the stress on different syllables from the noun form? ‘Which of the nouns in Activity 5 can be used with -less to form an adjective with a negative meaning? How does the meaning change? Example: hopeless Word formation (Part 3) EXAM FOCUS p 186 ED) Read the text quickly without worrying about the gaps. What problem with describing people's personalities is mentioned? How well do you know yourself? When trying to understand our own or other people's (0) ,behaviowr,, we tend to oversimplify things. We use oneor BEHAVE ‘two adjectives to sur each other up. We think of one friend as having a generally (1) and positive outlook, while another HOPE ‘riend is considered (2) and negative. Of course, in PESSIMIST @) none of usis so easily defined. Thettruthisthatwe REAL are all made up of inconsistent and contradictory (4) we CHARACTER canbe serious and reliable with our colleagues at work but in ‘our personal elationships at home we are more (5) and PREDICT ‘emotional, With some friends we can be very cautious, while we are (6) thrill-seekers with other friends ‘ADVENTURE So can people be neatly divided into personality types? Or do we alter our personality according to the (7) inourchanging DIFFERENT moods and situations? Maybe we can never relly get to know ‘ourselves and the idea ofa fixed personality is completely Uunrealisticand (8) MEANING ©) Look at the missing word for question 1. I have a positive or negative meaning? ‘a noun or an adjective? Does it [1D Use the word given in capitals at the end of some of the lines to form a word that fits in the gap in the same line, {BY Work in pairs and discuss the questions. 1 How well do youknow yourself? 2 Doyou think your family knows you better than you do? Unit ues 1718 READING FOCUS EXAM TIP Undertine the key words in the options and then read through the texts quickly to find a similar word or expression which says the same thing ina different way. Unit 2 Relative val. Multiple matching (Part 7) > EXAM FOCUS p 187 Why do you think so many people follow in their parents’ footsteps and end up doing a similar job? You are going to read an article in which people talk about how their parents’ careers have influenced their own career decisions. Read the text quickly and find out whether the people 1. are doing similar work to their parents. | 2. arehappy with the career they have chosen, | [Ey Look at the underlined words in Activity 4, question 1. Read text A and find matching words/phrases. Gy For questions 1-10, choose from the sections A-D. The sections may be chosen more than once. Which person states the following? Asa child, | always imagined | would follow in my parents’ footsteps | wasn’t able to support myself doing the job I'd originally hoped todo. My parents were initially unhappy about my choice of career. Working in the family business when | was a child was very useful. My parents didn’t ty to improve my chances when | was getting started. \'m glad that | don’t have to work as hard as my parents I've benefitted from doing a variety of jobs. My background gave me the confidence to enter a competitive field. I've inherited some of the skills | need to do my job. Ittook me a while to realise that having a parent in the same business was an advantage. Br ai Gr G14 GT I Would you consider doing the same job as one of your parents? Why?/Why not?er Peas ac on to have eer eet Pee never suggested that they would want meto camry.on the Beer ten veri ae Steers own and deliberately avoided opening any door Sees ert aa cee rrr pee, cia? ert for an independent TV pr eee ‘media has changed enormously since my parents day but eee feces theirskllin finding the heart Se ee ees Pere ee talent for this My dad started his business back in 1980, He buys and sell fruitand vegetables-nottocustomerson the street, butto 0 Rob Wilson easy ee eee em oe tc Iw so my dad offered me a par- 0 5 : DOr Ruse eee we est Isle DO ea eae. area ee et eee eee nee ‘ feoncresartogeatornts Rees er center eo eee eee eee ee ee aes eee et bone cae eT i Pa a Re Teter cece eee es ere eee crea ne lmows more than anyone how much Seen tsar Pate ee ece i eee ec es : See anette cd made the right decision now, though Vocabulary phrasal verbs ‘Match the underlined phrasal verbs in the article to meanings 1- persuade 5. continue establish/create 6 besimilarto discourage 7 enter succeed 8 develop/have a good result ‘Work in pairs and discuss the questions. Do your parents expectyou to make it on your own? ‘Which member of yaur family do you most take afte Do you think it’s important to camry on family traditions? Do your family try to put you off doing things? Have your parents ever talked you into doing something? 19GRAMMAR FOCU: Extreme adjectives, } modifiers and intensifiers > GRAMMAR REFERENCE p.1 42. El Think of some extreme versions of the adjectives. big enormous, huge 6 good 7 surprised 8 suange angry 9 difficult frightened attractive bad 1 Adverbs and adjectives : > GRAMMAR REFERENCE p.| 42 4 [ED complete the text with the words in the box. 5 Replace the words in italics with the adverbs in astlyfrendly “hard hardly lonely wrong. the box. There may be more than one possible 1 (1)... know my brother because he's so much anEWet older than me. But | think he's actually quite a — Doo pecan dette keane) Page abit absolutely completely fairly vey think he isn’t)... but really he's quite shy and . doesn't make friends (4)... He always thinks 1 He's quite inteligent. he's done something (5) to upset people but 2 He's really cautious. the real problem is that he’s uncomfortable in social 3. She's really impossible to get on with situations. used toworrythat he was (6)......because 4 she’sa realy good person he spent so much time on his own. But actually he i lesanigett nonce: ‘enjoys spending time on his own. He's the kindest ren 2t80n in the world and he'd do anything for you. 6 Hecen be quite dificult 7 They'e a really weird family. LANGUAGE TIP B She looks realy exhausted ‘Adverbs are used to modify verbs She wen the game Gi choose the correct adverb in italics to ‘easly, Some adverbs have the sare form as adjectives. complete the rules. It’s hard decision. They worked very hard. 1. Really/Very can be used with any adjective in order to. intensify meaning. EB Look at the words in the box in Activity 1 and 7 i a arewer tha questions: 2. ‘Completely’, absolutely/really and ‘very’ are only used | weet with extreme adjectives, 1 Which are adjectives? Which are adverts? 3. Quite/A bits only used when making a crticsm with 2. Which words can be used as both an adjective and an adjectives wth 2 negative meaning. aver Whi ones Ineulort 4 Quite/Fainy can be used with any adjective to BD choose the correct adverb in italics. modify meaning, 5 Quite/Fairly can be used with en extreme adjective in 1 Athome we were allowed to speak free/treely order to intensfy meaning. without anyone criticising us 2 Youdon't need to pay for advice on relationships ‘Complete sentences 1-3 with phrases A-C to you can get that free/freely rom friends. make statements you agree with. Work in pairs 3 | ty hard/haraly to geton with my brothers and discuss your sentences. Do you agree? quibels 1. stair easy 4 Because we're twins i's hard/haroly surprising thatwe 2's quite hard faye emer 3. I’sabsolutely impossible 5. He's been feeling depressed late lately, 6 Mymother had children lately/atein life. A. tojudge a person's character from theit appearence. 7 Myparentslive closely/close tome. B_ togeton with everyonein your family 8 Youneed to watch young children very close/closey © forparents to treat all their children equally. 20. Unit 2Relativeval peLISTENING FOCUS ey Multiple choice Part 4) AM FOCUS p.189 BD Discuss the questions. ~2w important do you think itis to have others and sisters? Do you agree that parents teat unger siblings differently to their dest child? 3 What characteristics do you think are vical of oldest/middle/youngest/ iy children? BF You're going to listen to a radio interview with a psychologist ‘called Max about birth order. Read the first question and options A-C in Activity 4 and underline the key words. ©) © 07 Listen to the first part of the interview. 1 Which key words, or words with a similar meaning to the statement and options, did you hear? 2. Which option correctly completes statement 1, according to the information you hear? ©) © Read through questions 2-7 and underline the key words. Then listen and choose the best answer, A, Bor C. EXAM TIP Use the questions to help you follow the discussion so that you don't get lost. Remember you will hear the information twice, 1 According to Max, research shows that A. oldest children are likely to be the most successful in the future, B middle children are more likely to be happier than their siblings, © the youngest child is likely tobe the least independent, According to Max, what is the reason for oldest children's results in intelligence tests? ‘A. Parents offer more support to the oldest child B Oldest children spend more time alone. © The oldest child benefits from teaching younger siblings. What typical characteristic of oldest children did Max share? ‘A. He enjoyed being competitive, B He experienced jealousy of a sibling. C_He always wanted to please his parer that youngest children can often A. seem very confident with older children B be curious and creative. refuse to accept their role as the baby of the family. What does Max say is likely to increase the ‘birth order effect’? A. alarge age gap between siblings B_ families with three or mare siblings © having siblings of the same sex ‘Max says that the best combination for a successful marriage is between people who are both A oldest children B_ middle children © third-born children, Max says we should be cautious about the birth order effect’ because A. itmay only play a small part in forming personality. B people usually behave differently when they are away from their families € itdiscourages people from changing their behaviour wher grow up, ‘Work in pairs and compare your answers. Then look at the audio script on page 207. Underline the sentences which give the correct answers. ‘Work in pairs and discuss the questions. Did you find any ofthe information inthe recording surprising? ‘What impact has the ‘birth order effec had on your family or another family you know? ‘What do you thinks the ideal numberof children in family? Why? unit2 a2 GRAMMAR FOCUS Verb patterns: -ing or infinitive > GRAMMAR REFERENCE p.143 BD wort Do you: ‘A. spend less time than you used to with one relation? B_ havea newperson in your family you get on ‘well with? © dislike 2 member of your family? EB © 09 Listen to five people talking about one of their relations. Match Speakers 1-5 to questions A-C in Activity 1. You can use the questions more than once. pairs and discuss the questions. Ey Match 1-5 to A-£ to make sentences. Then listen again to check. Ittook meages to have the confidence t’snot worth We both love We'd like him Ie promised to give him tennis lessons. fiding, so t's great to have something incommen. to come and live nearer. tobe on my own with him, E talking tohim really because he just disagrees with whatever anybody says o> ueune o0 © which of the following verbs/expressions are followed by -ing, and which by the infinitive? Which can be followed by both? 1. ike, ove, refer 2 be keen on, can't stand, enjoy, hate, mind 3 hope, promise, try 4 expect, encourage, persuade + direct object ©) Describe a relationship with a member cof your family. Use some of the verbs/ expressions from Activity 4. LANGUAGE TIP To form a negative ofthe gerund or infinitive, use ‘not before the verb. hate not going ... He told me not to go Unit2 8 © choose the correct option in italics for the pairs of sentences 1-5 and explain the difference in meaning between each pair. 1. A Mymotherstopped making/to mate lunch because the phone rang B My mother stopped making/to make lunch because we were hungry 2. A. Dad tried phoning/to phone but nobody answered B. Dad tried phoning/to phone but he couldn't remember the number, so he gave up. 3. A Thekids remembered buying/to buy grandma a present for her birthday. B. The kids remembered buying/to buy grandma a present but couldn't find it again later. 4 A [regret teling/to tell you that all train services have been cancelled | regret teling/to tel you because now you're upset forgot to give/aiving my sister an old dress, and then ound tin her wardrobe. forgot to give/giving my teacher my essay and she wasn't happy when [handed it in late, >o Complete the text with the -ing or the infinitive form of the verbs in brackets. DESTINY CALLS adja Swarovski who, along with four cousins, runs the famou Swarovski crystal company based in Austria, is very proud of her fami ddyasty. As 2 child, she remembers her grandfather (1)... (tf) hes why Daniel Swarovski her great-great grandfather, decided 2)... iplthecompany Hehaped3) Gel neler thatadnay pon could afford (4)... (uy) because he understood that beautiful thing make people happy. Thismade perfect sense to Nadja because she enjoyed (8) cue) cysts from the factory onto he favourite jeans. Nadja surprised her family when she chose (6)... study at histo instead of the traditional family subject of engineering. She was alg keen (7) (get away) from tie pressure of being 2 Swarovsk and 50 ended UP (8) sn.un. (ntl) at the university of Dalas, Texad But she couldn't escape her destiny forever. When she became the on female member of the board, Nadja was able (9) su. (S68) th they were missing an opportunity. Although she didn't want to give uf (10) (produce things like the popular small crystal animals, shq believed fashion was the future. She managed (11)... (persuadg her cousin to start (12) mas Wore with top fashion designers, sud as Alexander McQueen, His 2009 collection inspired other designers (13) (make) fabulous creations with crystal and since then star: such as Beyoncé and Rihanna have gone on (14) (perform) ir dresses covered in Swarovski cystal @Collaborative task (Part 3) agreeing and disagreeing > EXAM FOCUS p Hl) Look at the photos. Why do you think these kinds of relationships are important? BA © 10 Look at the exam task. Then listen to Alana and Federico. Which of the relationships do they discuss? Why do they think they're important? grandparent teacher How important are relationships with twin sister/ these people? brother aboyfriend/ girlfriend a father Work in pairs. Add some expressions to the list. Practise saying them with the correct stress, Agreeing: That's very tase, Good point Partially agreeing: | suppose so, but Disagreeing gently: !'m not sure about that Well actually Expressing strong disagreement: | have to disagree with you on that. I think the exact opposite ‘Asking opinions: What's your view on that? Doyou agree? .e what you mean, but Give your opinions but make sure you also listen to your partner. Ask about his/her opinions and respond to What he/she says, Work in pairs and do the exam task in Activity 2. ‘Then decide which person might have the ‘most influence on a young person's life. 5] Work in pairs and discuss the questions. 11 Which people do you think have had the most influence on different stages of your life? 2. Inwhatway has an older relative been a good role model for you? What are the advantage: belonging to a big family 4 How easy isitto stay in touch with family members that livea long way away? 5 What kind of relationship do you have with your cousins? nd disadvantages of Unit 2 2324 WRITING FOCUS Essay (Part |) using linkers for contrast > WRITING REFERENCE pp | BB work in pairs. Read the exam task and essay title and think of some advantages and disadvantages of both situations. have been discussing W r has asked 920009 |sitbetterto have 99090999 ddaddada small ore age for your poin BD Match 1-6 to A-F to make sentences. Then work in pairs and decide which sentences you agree with. 1 Even thou may argue, 2 Despite being born eighty 3. I wish! had a much older bro On the other hand 4 Asmallage gap between sis thing, wheres: 5 Thereislikelyt petition between siblings born several years apart. However, 6 While having a sibling of seem desir miler age may A. inmy experience, boys yy become too competitive B_ myyounger brothers are happy to sha © theyars kely to grow up with many shared memori: forming a close bond depends much more on personality than age, a bedroom. E they may find it difficult to develop a lasting relationship, F Lexpect!'d get tired of hi g me what to do all the time, unit2 ED inwhich of the sentences in Activity 2s it also possible to use although? [Dy Read the essay and find where the three points from the notes in Activity 1 are mentioned. Ist beter to have 2 small or a large age difference betneen sibling? | ‘hin shored to 2 wheter beter to have slings of asian age or mmudh oer or younger because al fais ae eet. We cart judge propery what #t would be like to be in a diferent station. () However! ven though weight ike he iea of having 2 baby brother or sister me Cant ge wat tat would be ie in ea ‘But | hin te greatest advantage of kaving a eal agp gap i rat when ‘youre a cl, you have someone io ply wih. As wel a tis, you ave 4 learn to rare your to, inten of ust Keeping them to yours. This rmaes laying wih eer cre ouside the fay easier (2) Although” However, ter’ el o be erach ene competion between siblings who are doe in agp because they maybe jas ofeach oer ‘The danger wh having large age api tat oo ma ot ave 2 dose celafcraip when yore grown up because ou dort tave the some shared memories. () On the other hend/Whte the age gop becomes (es important as you ge older oes ays posable to Take rend wth sour tiling ae ad, Speaking fem my ont exper, kavng a eter vos oxy wo years younger has been sea. (A) Wherea/Despite being aut ice weve aways got on and wee good frends nw wee adults ©) Underline the reasons the student gives for her point of view. Do you agree? [By Read the essay again and choose the correct linking words or phrases in italics, EXAM TIP. There are no right or wrong answers to the question, The important thing is to make sure you include all three points in your essay and explain your point of view. BD Turn to page 139 and do the exam task. Try to give reasons for your answers and use some of the linking words.‘Complete the second sentence so that it has a Complete the sentences with the adjectives in similar meaning to the first sentence, using the the box. word given. Use between two and five words, — — ee a nae . including the word given. cautious confident creative independent . 41 don’t think parents should have to continue Pe eaters ee ch CMen esti te 1 Whereasi'm quite shy about speaking in public, my ‘CARRY brother's aways been Idon't think parents should... sis 2 Evenat the age of eighty-five, my gran never likes supporting their children when they're adults, relying on other peoole. She's very... 2 Everyone says Phoebe is very similar to her mother. 3. My husband's not very good at doing things with his . hands He's not ata TAKES Ese vores Phoebe w-nchermother, 4 |prefermy aw company bt my sstes ar the 3. George's grandfather started his business when he ae ; econ enitesh 5 My father paints and writes realy well. He's always = Deen FeAl an ee ie & ampot prepared to teke rst anyone tm geting business when he was oniy eighteen nn 4 Seeing how hard my mother works has discouraged ‘Complete the sentences using the correct form . me from becoming a teacher of the word in brackets. PUT, 1 Mynewcarisn'tas..... as!hoped it would be Seeing how hard my mother works has : (ey) orp been ates 2 Molly's stories are very Her characters always 5 Notmany people become successtulin the world have such exciting adventures. (drama) otacting 3 My children will never try any new food. They aren't MAKE VEY nn (@dventue) Not many PEOBIE anni iN the world I don't thinkyou'te being very... about how of acting much we can finish. (eal) 6 My friends ae tying to persuade me to havea party 5 Imabsolutel........2tlanguages.ljustcan'tleam oon Saturday. them. (hope) TALK 6 explained 'd been ill but the boss wasn't ata My friends are trying 0 seen having (sympathy) 2 party on Saturday oe Choose the correct option in italics to complete Correct the mistake in each of the sentences. ‘the sentences. 1. He's tried rally hardly to get tickets for you, 1. regretted not having/to have a car to drive 2. The cinemais fairly closely to the station. 2 He'd like us working/to work late this evening. 3 The football resuts were absolutely close. 3 I'mnot very good at running/to run ; 4. She finished late and | was very furious with her. 4 Have you remembered locking/to lock the door? | 5. They spoke free about their difficult childhoods. 5 Melanie has promised inviting/to invite usto stay. 6 Iwas hardly dark but he was completely frightened. 6 She stopped working/to work and hada rest. ; 7 Itwould be a bt bilantifwe won the cup final 7. Theteacher made me tofnish/fnish my work 8 She's been working very hardly lately. before eft B _Jimasked menotto/to not speak | Unit2 Relative values 25c Things that matter BD What matters to you? Put the things in the box in order of importance. education/career family friends interests money pets possessions places Vocabulary money BI Work in pairs. Discuss whether the items in the photos are: A. worth the money. c B_ good value fo ED Work in pairs. Discuss what the expressions could mean. £15,000 Do you have similar expressions in your language? yy this month ees, abit short of mor lanai she's not made of m Money makes the world g i Besonkuns Complete the statements with the prepositions in the box. Which of the statements do you agree with? Discuss in pairs and give reasons. away in of on to within 1 Wsdiffuttoihe.....yourmeans when you'tea student a 2. Youshould aways aoidbeing.....debt < NN 3 Having to live a tight budget is boring \ 4 Very rich people should give most of their money 5. isnota good idea tolend your creditcard... a fiend Young people today havea higher standard... ving than thei grandparents’ generation 26 UniSentence completion (Part 2) > EXAM FOCU: BI You're going to hear a multimillionaire called David Burton talking about his life Read the gapped sentences (1-10). Which of the topi AcE do you expect to hear? A howhe made his fortune B his attitude t his typical working day D what he sp E where h © © 11 Listen and check. [DD Look at the gap (1-10) in each sentence. Which of the gaps, if any, may require nds his money on A an uncountable noun? © anumber? EXAM TIP Usually, you only have to write one (or two words or a number in each ‘gap. Occasionally you may need to waite three words. ED Listen again and complete the sentences. ©) work in pairs and compare your answers. Then look at the audio script on page 208 to check your answers. Make sure you have spelt the words correctly. {1 Work in pairs and discuss the questions, 1. Do you think money can make people happy? 2. Doyouthinkit is beter to win, inherit or earn money? VOCABULARY AND LISTENING FOCUS i like his uncle, David's early ambition was to be a (1) His father was disappointed when he decided to leave (2) to start his own business. David believes being able to manage (3) is essential to succeed in business. David says he didn't feel much (4) expensive things. at being able to buy His first charity project involved financing (8) people from disadvantaged backgrounds. While he was travelling in India, David realised that the best way for people to get out of (6).. was to set up a business. for young The charity has provided more than (7) individuals with a loan. David considers building a (8) greatest achievements. in Malawi to be one of his David believes that people from a close (9) are happier than wealthy individuals. According to David, money can give people (10) although it may also cause problems. unit 7GRAMMAR FOCUS Using modifiers for comparison > GRAMMAR REFERENCE p.|44 BD) Look at the sentences from the listening on page 27 and complete them with ‘the correct comparative or superlative form of the adjectives in brackets. Then look at the audio script on page 208 to check your answers. 1 Infact was (empty) and Wonely) than before. 2 One of the things 'm (proud) of is being involved in a construction project fora new hospital in 2 small town in Malawi Being part of a community makes people (content) than becoming a millionaire Having too much money isn’t (ificuit) not having enough money. 3 4 BD Decide which pairs of sentences have a similar meaning, and which have a different meaning. 1. A. Mycar was by far the most expensive thing I've ever bought. B_ My car was a lot more expensive than anything else I've ever bought A. Mygrandfather is one of the most generous people | know. B There aren't many people who are as generous as my grandfather ‘A. Money doesn't make you nearly as happy as you think. B_ Money makes you alot less happy than you think ED complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first, Using the word given. Example: A scooter isn’t nearly as expensive as a sports car FAR A sports cart fa more. expensive, than scooter 1. Ourstandard of living isa bitlower than itwas, QUITE Ourstandard of living is not inwas. 2. There aren’t many cities which are as exciting as Rio de Janeiro. ONE Riode Janeiro is ‘exciting cities, 3 Shedoesn’t have nearly as much free time now. LESS She has ‘ree time than before, 4 Not many people earn such a high salary ashe does. THAN His salary is most people's 5. He's almost as wealthy s sheis. BIT She's him. 6 It'sgetting much more difficult to get a bank loan. AS. Iris to get a bank loan now. Comparing quan 1d Use the table to make six sentences that are true about you. Tapend host abpeapant ogee of my moneyon _—_Sravany — Tdonitspend | much of my time ing. compare your answers in groups and write a paragraph about how your group spends time and money. Example: The thing we spend most/least time/money on is 28 Unit3 ‘More/Less than half of us spend a large amount onLong turn (Part 2) comparing AM F What do these photographs have in common? Choose A or B. ings which a A They B They show usual tuations Make a list of the similarities between the ‘two photographs. Read the sentences about the photographs. Where can you add the words in brackets to the sentences? There may be more than one possibility. 1. The photographs shi The man 3. Themen © 12 Listen to a student comparing the two. photographs. Does she mention any of the points on your list? speculating Complete the sentences with like or as if/as though. In which sentences is it only possible to use like? Why? 1 ftlooks......agtad ry 2. The man loOks .....uhe'svery proud of h 3 looks work 4 He looks a bitobsessive 5 SheIOOKS nse She's having more un than th contrasting Look at sentences A and B and answer questions 1-3 about whereas and while. A. While the have a passion for his car, it n for hs whole ie se both whereas ough instead o! EXAM TIP Don’t describe what's in the photographs. Fot main topic and compare the main similarity a differences between the pictures Work in pairs, Student A: Look at the photos on page 134. Student B: Look at the photos on page 136. Take turns to compare your photos. Try to use expressions for comparing, contrasting and speculating. ‘Work in pairs and discuss the questions. 1 What at 2 Which even with fiends and do you feel proud of ink are importanREADING FOCUS Multiple choice (Part 5) > EXAM FOCUS p 187 ‘Work in pairs and discuss the questions. 1 How interested are you in sport? 2. Doyou find any sports boring? 3 Does it matterto you if particular team or player wins loses? Ey Read the title and first paragraph of the article and guess what it will be ‘about. Then read the rest of the article and check. Read the questions/stems in Activity 4 and underline the key words. Skim the EXAM TIP text and highlight the part which answers each question. Always read the text ‘quickly to get an idea Gy Read the article again carefully. For questions 1-6, choose the answer of what tis about before (A,B, Cor D) which you think fits best according to the text. Fe wnninennerszuucerovacstectal os atenig mate) A. She's impressed by their behaviour B She's surprised by how much money they spend. € She's embarrassed by how iresponsible they are D She's sympathetic to ther feelings. 2 Thewriter mentions people who live in ¢ dream state’ in order to A. give an example of people who have uncontrollable emotions, B ciitcise people who have unrealistic expectations contrast different types of emotional attachments D explain why passions can be more important than real relationships. 3. The writer thinks having a passion is good thing because ‘A. ithelps people lain how to express their emotions. B itencourages more considerate behaviour, it gives people an opportunity to act lke a different person, D it makes everything else in life seem unimportant. 4 What does the writer mean by thin on the ground’ inline 30? ‘A. something which is easily forgotten B something which occurs infrequently something which takes place only once something which is unexpected 5 The writer mentions Wimbledon to show that ‘A. some sports are less likely to inspire strong feelings, B_ some passions last for many years. sports fans can behave uncheracteristically. D_ people often behave strangely to get on TV. 6 What was the writer's purpose in writing this text? A. toencourage people to talk about their passions openly B toconvince the reader that sports fans are normal human beings to-explain why the excitement of winning is worth the disappointment of losing D_to argue that a passion for sport provides an opportunity to experience highs and ows 30° Unit 3 Things thatty > ALL YOU NEED IS LOVE Le) rown men with their faces buried in each other’s shoulders orden eer A tc SEL ee cen ec eae eR NC fan care so much andwhat does this kindof passion do to people Snes ona ene ec oD Pe ciue nn re er eee eens ‘They woul be prepare to goto almost any eng to get he hanson a Coe eeu nen ee ete eee ete eee ee en Cee ae Bota eon ten eRe Rares ote Cee aceon Re a Sc eee a ac POU Onne ne eer Cun Ene nerg Se oes et ee eee Deon te ence cer ea Dec ca ial eee Oe cnet Ce Mane a eT Dee eee eee missing out Pasion are deep, fll of jy and pai, teaching you how to SO ne oe oe Re ST Le ‘enthusiasm in public. Because of them you mightend up hugging a complete stranger or making new friends. They help yon to feel part of a community ind ave something to tease your neighbour about. They ae a great way Coe ene eee see Cee ea ee ieee nen ee me nearer Peer eros cen ae Cenc aac oe COU Waneu One aoc eRe SUSU Me eC een ene SU eae ea nae ae Cen a ee For some, a pasion can he switched! on and off — whieh sheer than not De cee eT een cee Ero ne eer ae ee Roo ee Ue ae Ce ota er ee eel Coe eS eee ey Peete erry ee eo Ce eT ene nate ee eae frimportance Passions are rehearsal fr life, adstaction from boredom and, most ofall, theyare fon — even when they let you down, [) Do you agree with the writer that having a passion for something is positive? -ed adjectives and prepositions 1B choose the correct prepositions in italics. Then ask your partner the questions. 1. What sports do you get you frustrating? ‘Who are you impressed by Wu get annoyed of/by? you sometimes feel embarrassed in/by? Who do you find ted with/ab find exciting? 10 or what d What de nbarrassing32 GRAMMAR FOCUS Present perfect and past simple BBR rot about suring since the first tie tried 8 on holiday with my dad ged fourteen. I used to spend all my summers wth my grandparents. They would drive me to the beach every Gay ard ny grony ul a othe freeing wate tout a wetsuit. Aer ‘left college 1 could only surf a few aay ayer boca for severe yours Tied @shchour drive fom tne cost Six months ago, though, I got a job in GaWay and Yve been Iving here since. Tes coset some ofthe best suring beaches in rand and ths means ve been able to go suring every weekend, which i fantastic Tet my ging in te sa ad vee been together for tree mons no. Ses Ap ve o2en having lessons fo become 3 Surin instructor ~ 0 fr Ive has four ich ve realy enoyed. Wihen {auf Tm honing to stat my oun srfng schoo wth sare rend, Ve never entered suing craton and that’ ako something Tike to do one dy Read Liam's blog about his passion for surfing. Answer questions 1-4. How long has Liam loved surfing? Does he still spend his summers with his grandparents? When did he move to Galway? How often does he go surfing now? Look at the underlined verb forms in the text. Which ones describe completed actionsin the past? ppast habits which are now finished? Look at the highlighted example of the present Match 1-3 to uses of the present perfect A-C. I've been able to go surfing every weekend. 2 I'venever entered a surfing competition, 3 I've been mad about surfing since the first time I tried it. ‘A. began in the past and is still continuing has recently happened and isrelevant to the present refersto indefinite ime in the past Unit 3 Flin perfect simple in the blog, Circle five more examples, EB Look at the sentences. Which of the time expressions underlined refers to a period of time and which toa point in time? 1. We been mad about suring since the frst time I tied it aged fourteen 2 We've been together for three months. (©) Work in pairs and answer the questions. 1 Which ofthese time expressions are usually used with the past simple/the present perfect? 2. Which ime expression can be used with both the past simple and present perfect? ago already at lunchtime in 2010 just last month never once so far this month yet Present perfect simple or continuous? ‘Match the sentences from the blog to the uses of the present perfect (A and B). te been having lessons I've had four [lessons]. 1 2 ‘A acompleted activity B _anactivity vera period of time (which may or may not be finished) EE) complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs and phrases in brackets. There may be more than one possibility. 1 Locus ide) 2 motorbike since | was seventeen. 21 (once witness) a crime. 3 (live) abroad when | was a child. 4) (have) an operation a few years ago. st ... (Never go) camping. 61 {just win) a competition. ©) Work in pairs. Ask and answer questions with Have you ever... ? and How long. Use the ideas in Activity 8 to help you. Example: Have you ever ridden a motorbike? How long have you been riding motorbikes? When was the last time you rode a motorbike?Open cloze (Part 2) AM OD work in pairs and discuss the questions. o youdo to cheer yourself up when depressed? 2 makes you really happy? By Read the text and discuss the questions. 2's hygge'? 2. ~pwcanitmake people feel happier? E} Look at the example (0). What part of speech is it? Now look at gaps 1-8. What kind of word do you need to write in each gap (preposition/ noun/time expression/pronoun, etc.)? C complete the text with one word in each gap. EXAM TIP. Read the whole sentence, especially the words before ang after each gap. Think about what kind of ward is, missing (@9. a preposition, pronoun), | © work in pairs. Compare your answers and say why you chose them. Hygge: the art of simple pleasures as and like > GRAMMAR REF [Gl complete the sentences with as or like. 1 Was that fm... all his other ones? 2 Shall we sil have lunch togethet, acu. said yesterday? | 3. 'veahways.egarded you... fiend 4 Ajob hat one takes a longtime to finish 5 Hels Working... 8 Waiter inthe holidays. 6 Please doit careful... |asked you LANGUAGE TIP as + noun fora tole or purpose: ‘She works as a musician, | use that room as a study. .a5-+ noun clause for manner: | treated hirn as my son. Iike + noun for comparison: You're justlike Tony. Like Jane, I/ove jazz like + noun for informal examples: Food like that risotto is worth waiting for Ese eer EE world’s happiest nations. One possible reason « this could be the untranslatable concept of iyage’. Hygge has already gained a lot of publicity outside Denmark. This is thanks to a stream of recentiy published self-help books, (2)... all UGE us to embrace hygge in order to improve our sense of well-being and happiness. Writer, Helen Russell, who moved to Denmark several years (3) is a hygge enthusiast. She has been fascinated by the idea ever (6) she arrived. Her book, The Year of Living Danishiy: Uncovering The Secrets of the World's Heppiest Country, makes it easy to understand (6) Helen and her family are stil living (6) Helen says ‘hygge’ can be defined a the absence of anything ennoying or emotionally overwhelming. It's all about being kind to yourself and celebrating the simple things in lie, Co) spending time with friends and family, or eating ice cream. So find your inner Dane ~ and do what makes you happy without feeling guilty about i. T: Danes are famous for (0) being one of theWRITING FOCUS Article (Part 2) engaging the reader > WRITING REFERENCE p.} 7! [Gy Read the exam task and answer the questions. Look at notes A-H and choose whether to include them in paragraph two (a simple description of the object) or paragraph three (the reasons why it’s special to you). 1 Whatkindofstylewil you wrtethe artclein? How do | birthday present fram pao you know? | not expensive and very ordinary to look at 2. What information do you need to include? C | two years old You see this advertisement in a magazine for D | wed to have to carry my laptop everywhere young people. E | canwatch films on it and play games anywhere F | made by Samsung WHAT I’D SAVE IN A FIRE Wee ee Write us an artide describing something you ‘own and explaining why it's importantto you. ‘The best article will be published in the EXAM TIP magazine next month ‘Try to make the reader feel you are ‘speaking’ directly to ‘Welte yourartice in 140-190 words. him/her. You can do this by asking the reader 2 question eer and making your tone chatty rather than formal, Look at opening paragraphs A and B. Which ‘one is most effective? Think about (Work in pairs. Write paragraphs two and three, using the ideas in Activity 3. 1. how appropriate the style is. 2. howrvaried the languages 3 whathariehgeussthe ead. Look at possible concluding sentences A and B. Which one would have the most positive effect ona reader? A | What I'd save ina fire Have you ever thought about which poststion A you'd choose to save if your howe was on fir? Well for me it would definitely be my tablet. Obviously, resewe my family and pets fst but after that Id grab my tablet and my phone. ‘Se for all these reasons, the fist thing { would think of taking with me i my tablet, B | The main reason I'd grab my tablet first in a fire ‘sbecause it would be lke lasing my right hand if Thad to be without it, GB What I'd save ina fire My tablet & very important to me and! would be very uptet efit got lost or damaged. | spend hours every day wing my tablet and | would be last without &. [think mest people feel the same sway about their laptops or tablets Dy Make notes on your own response to the advert. Choose a favourite possession and divide your notes into four paragraphs: 1 Introduction (to get the reader's attention) 2. Background (a description of the object) 3 Opinion (the reasons why it is important to you) 4 Conclusion (a brief summary) Write your article in 140-190 words. Then. check it for spelling and punctuation. Write another draft if necessary. Dy Read other students’ articles and choose which | ones to include in the magazine. 34 Unit 3 Thin "Choose the correct option (A, B, Cor D) to complete the sentences. A standard of ving isimportant to me. A tall Bbig Cgteat_ high The house they live in must be worth a A treasure B fortune C resource D wealth When | was at college I had to learn to lve a budget. Aon Bin = Cfom = Dat. I'm afraid | can't come becouse I'm... of Money. Alow Backing C short —_D tight She is always debt atthe end of the term. Aon Bat C with Din t'mstil learning to lve my means. ‘A between B within C under Dat ‘Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given, Use between two and five words, including the word given. Rebecca started living here five years ago. FOR Rebecca E wnfve years Hast saw Mike in 2006, SINCE \ 2006, Thisis my fis visit to India TIME Thisis the fist tolndia {don’t spend much money on dothes these days. ANY 1 money on clothes these days This hotel isn’t nearly as expensive as the other one. FAR The other hotels this one. Both Tom and Zak are equally friendly. JUST Tomis Zak. There aren't many designer brands that are as expensive as Prada, ONE Pradais snp Gesigner brands. REVIEW wo EX complete the sentences with the correct form of the word in brackets. 1. thaven’t got much money but'm not about it (worry) 2. Golfisnota very sport to watch on TV. (interest) 3 Having a passion can make life Moe asus (€xclte) 4AM lly oa bY my Obsession with that actor. (excite) 5 Whatis the most. film you have ever seen? (frighten) 6 Im that the cup finals over at last. (relief) S A complete the text with one word in each gap. CS _ps:pmyBlogteting go = When I was younger, I was always very proud @ my family but T felt different to them. I felt knew I would never look (2) my sister, who was (3) more attractive than me and just (4) intelligent as me, but I stil felt jealous. I was also embarrassed ©) my father, who worked (6) {an actor, instead of having a ‘normal’ job. But now I’m older, none of those negative feelings matter anymore. T've always (7) very close to (8) ‘of my parents and know I'm very lucky to have them, Unit 35,PROGRESS TEST | Multiple-choice cloze (Part 1) For questions 1-8, read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each gap. There is an example at the beginning. Happy families It came as no surprise to me when a newspaper article | read | (0) B. recently claimed to prove that the happiest children tend to be (1) children. When | was younger, | used to (2) having a brother because | thought thet parents with just one child ‘were bound to (3) ‘them more attention and love them more. | My most unhappy childhood memories involve my older ‘brother, Thomas. | didn’t get (4) vo. With him at all and, because he was much bigger than me, he would always, (5) 00 any fights we had. My parents took the view that they should not interfere in our arguments, and made us sort them (6) ....... ourselves, which meant that Thomas, could do whatever he wanted. However, the good news about siblings is that as they get older, they seem to start valuing each other more. In fact, nowadays Thomas and | are quite (7) .. | suppose this isnot surprising, since we share a history that goes back a long way. it's special for us but no one else is, very (8) in our past. © Alately ——B recently € currently _D presently 1 Aonly Bssingle unique individual 2 A miss Bhope ¢ wish D regret 3 A pay B make € allow D provide 4 Aon Bby Cround ——D away 5 Awin Beat C succeed —_D overcome 6 Aot Bove Cout D through 7 Anear Bose C familiar —_D attached 8 A-concemed B caring € interested knowledgeable Progress test 1 Open cloze (Part 2) For questions 9-16, read the text below and think of the word that best fits each gap. Use only one word in each gap. There is an example at the beginni Why trees matter | Everyone knows that trees are important | (0) for the environment and human health. | Invcities, trees improve air quality and they absorb pollution. They remove dangerous gases (9) CO, and nitrogen oxide from the air and release oxygen back into the environment. Trees can help in the fight against climate change (10) theyare | known to significantly reduce temperatures by providing shade and also by releasing \water vapour through their leaves. But trees have many other practical benefits, which are (11)... just relatedto physical health but also to mental health and well being. People who live in areas where there are lots of trees feel happier and healthier (12) cecoune those living in very built-up urban areas. In the past, architects and town planners didn’t (13) ornuou to understand the effect that trees have on people, which | (14) _......... why many urban environments lack enough green spaces. Now things are. | changing as so many studies (15) shown that trees can make areal difference to people's lives. (16) of the most surprising findings is that people in hospital have quicker recovery times if they are able tosee trees,PROGRESS TEST | Word formation (Part 3) For questions 17-24, read the text below, Use the ‘word given in capitals at the end of some of the lines to form a word that fits in the gap in the same line. There is an example at the beginning. For questions 25-30, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning +o the first sentence, using the word A.worthwhile challenge iat ee tear Sanco Most people agree that learning to including the word given. play 2 (0) musical instrument is one MUSIC of the most worthwhile things they Exampl Rae eyertorelbr cleo one cf tie Conor has a natural abilty for music like hardest. A lot of children are very te perent i (17) come WEN they first take up ENTHUSIASM. AFTER | an instrument, but don’t realise how Conor takes after hit paremts in his natural ability | much practice ill be involved. Sadly, Por music they quickly start to lose interest 25. Julia can sing much better than me. as they find the technical. skills WELL (8) difficult. f they feel they INCREASE esol on seco llia Sie Tek ise ettova raUatess 26 Mydad has a beautiful voice but he young people often give up having feria lessons after two or three years, io ‘onlyto regret it when they are older. Perit Crecaatontt But those who have enough talent s Reel prey 9 Mio 27 idon's know my sister vey well ecauseshe'sso reasonable standard, can rightly fee! | ebbeh cksarthareiae, a strong sense of (20) . ACHIEVE | Haney: r " Apart from acquiring a lifeton | ! SEUSS SESS oe Sal VALUE | uccholdeshan ire playing an instrument for pleasure 28 Its been ages since | saw James. is beneficial in less obvious ways Not too. Learning a new piece of | 1 ages. music requires a huge amount of | 29. I think | forgot to lock the door. (22) ‘Although it may not CONCENTRATE REMEMBER seem like it, this is an (23) EFFECT ete Metta he ay ae 30. Mymother started her own business when she fon the music, which means Peene (24) uu about anything else WORRY sey is impossible. | My mother soon HET OWN | | business when she was forty. | | | | | | | Progresstest 1 37 iDD You are going to read an article about superhumans. Look at the photo on the left and read the title and introduction to the article. Work in pairs and discuss the questions. 4) Whydo youthinkma powers ke X-Me? 2. What are some of the special powers often sh y people are so keen on films about people with special Multiple matching (Part 7) > EXAM BD Read the article quickly. Which ‘superpowers’ are mentioned? Ey Read the questions in Activity 4. Then underline the key words and scan the article to find ideas which have the same meaning. 1 For questions 1-10, choose from the sections A-D. The sections may be chosen more than once. —_——_ Which person’s superpower EXAM TIP may be shared by other people who don't ey have it? 7 Pe caretdl Thee mae is beneficial for the person's mental and physicel health seem to be similar id potentially affect a person’s mental developm information in more acilliee-thi oretically impossibl tions? than one text. Make sure . zi he story of a legendary character? the word or expression ain illnesses? you choose has the same meaning asin the was eventually discovered by chance? question, even though is believed by the of mi itwill be expressed bbe acquired by whi tobelieve in it? differently at cannot be explained by sc 38 UnitaREADING FOCUS Ss-ENe TE REAL-LIPE SUPERMUMARS sappointingly for comic-book fans, there is no equivalent to X-Men in the real world. But there Ot te er eam eae ee ee eed could comfortably be classed as superhuman. B Liam Hoekstra ‘unaffected, His condition is more Scientises have confirmed that consecutive days. Unaware of Born prematurely, i¢ was feared thimamedical rr; itcould help Hofisindcedableo regulate his his ‘gi’ until e took part in a thee Tass chars would ke Scientist unlock the secres of body functions; by controlling scientific stady at che age of 3), he smutcle growth and deterioasion cell production he gains i convinced that chee are people and lead to new treatment for improved immunity and better like him everywhere who have no Gliseases which cause weakness, cognitive performance. Hof idea they have this big. such as oseopoross. bolieves che skill is atsinable @ Isao Machi tis ear and ing, ik wm \ a apparent by the age of only Eve B® Wim Hof by anjune who in convince ie viene wot i tly months that Liam was developing One of the original characters ‘confissed by Isao Machi,a Japanese supethumin seength. He was inthe X-Men was Bobby Drake, @ Deon Kemazes practitioner of Ith ae of he diagnosed with 2 rare condition otherwise known as Iceman. As Dean Karnazess muscles have samurai sword, who is the holder characterised by an abvence of farefetched as it sounds, in the extraordinary properties, Most of several world reconds involving ‘myostatin. This is a protein which real world there is a real-life people suffer intense fatigue and fast sword cuts. For one title he regulates muscle development, Iceman, called Wim Hof. He are forced to give up when too had t0 cut through a cennis ball jack of which leds 0 the maynotbeabletoturneveryday mich cacetang. ence acne treinga¢-40 is per howe ‘kind of physical attributes that objects into ice, as Bobby Drake acid to build up in their muscles, His most impressive feat was when lets cn onty eam boat id, bute hkl 20, world Nocso Remix he body cles aman Sed aS pple 40 pert mone tac than records related wo resting the esd wit much cmacedinry Mca aapeed of 209 AL eowal, braking, 0crgth eld; with be mys tbetenit ciency tar he car ait hs eatin lly de and speed and almost no body of meditation practices. Among hydrated and functional for human eye could mack an object Gc tet pout thatthe mips Hfsachievensare sending early long pei daring oft se and mirage that Show: he Oreck bro Hoey. suimaaged ln an oe'baih i Bam Gf Geum Hib Zipee ema nfs cold open et wm bord pa fodiick Gat gon hoes sal ¢h mec oal “Goes gdb weg sh le cll Ger treet Shs condion, Thee ae. cunning marathon ithe miler in GO hows and #4 ious sien vo en sn ecie sde-eecr the ony Arctic “Circe wearing only without esp. compleing 2 eA pycholgit who obsened pase davbuck wat tha shorts Over a prod of 20 1Sndevbe'sardosinDeth the perineal “He vat Whoo adesnte body fbn mites inthe ike bath his lo, Calor tempertes epee i Ee bappened {Gore in chithoed could be temperiae and. bear cue of 9C and 4 warnon ie wach 2 trigue for of attatory Somiced Thanky Lam seam remained completely wormal. of the USA 30 sacs en 30 snatenon orf ke Seman in poor heats as he grew up. If anything, the opposite wis true and despite initial problems with Work in pairs and discuss the questions. Match 1-5 to A-E to make compound words. 1. Which ofthese superpowers do you find most Aretn the arate: fascinating? Why? 1 breath A day 2. Whatare the potential dangers of having one of 2 side B fetched these ‘gifts’? 3 draw © back 3 Ifyou could choose any superpower, what would it 4 fr D taking be? Why: 5 vey E effect Vocabulary ©) Match the compound words in Activity 7 to the words in italics in Activity 6. compound words [Fy Read the sentences and think of another way ©) Werk in groups and discuss the questions. of expressing the words in italics. 11 Whatate the drawbacks to being a student? She was wearing ordinary clothes when | saw her. 2 Whats the most breathtaking view you have ever seen? The olsadvantage of going by tainisthe timeittakes, 3 Whicheveryday activities doyou find most tedious? 4 Whats the most extraordinary thing that has ever The view from my window was absolutely incredible, tapos vou? wnun a ‘The story was so unftely that everyone just laughed. 5» Whatisthe mast fareteed story you have ever hear? Taking the pills had @ negative impact so | stopped Example: One of the drawbacks to being a student is not taking them. having enough money to go out. Unit 4 3940 GRAMMAR FOCUS Articles definite, indefinite and zero articles >» GRAMMAR REFERENCE p 146 Gy inthe article on page 39, Wim Hof showed an amazing ability to resist cold conditions. Complete the sentences about Wim Hof with a/an, the or ~ (zero article). ‘Then check Text B. 1. [Hof] may not be able toturn everyday objects into ic, 2 Among Hof’s achievements are standing submerged in for one hour and 44 minutes. 3. [Healsoran} marathon in ‘Arctic Circle wearing only shorts 4 over period of 20 minutes in ice bath his temperature and heart rate remained completely normal 5 Hofbelieves skilis attainable by anyone who can convince themselves they can do it. ice bath Complete the rules about articles (1-3) with the uses (A-E). Some rules match more than one use. We don't use an article We use a/an (the indefinite article) We use the (the definite article) when there is only one of something. when we want to talk about people or things in general when we want to talk about something ‘which has been mentioned before D_ when we mention something for the first time, of when itis nat important which one. ‘| 2 3 A B . E when we use plural, uncountable and abstract nouns, Match the examples from Activity 1 with the uses in Activity 2. There may be more than one example of each use. GB Think of any other examples or rules you know for articles and check the Grammar Reference. Unit 4 1B) Discuss the kinds of weather conditions which pilots may experience. Then complete the gaps in the story with a/an, the or ~ (zero article). Cem A pilot's story As pilots, we have to get used to (1) storms and Q) ‘severe weather, and we are obviously prepared for (3) |. emergencies, However, sometimes they can ‘take you by (4) surprise. A year ago, I was flying to (8) USA and we were over (6) Atlantic Ocean: when ball of lightning struck (7) aircraft I was fying. Within seconds, (8) bright biue ball of ight with ® yellow tail filled (10) windscreen and there was (11) loud bang. My colleague said it felt as it (12) ‘cat had brushed against his leg as (13) lightning struck. Fortunately, after a lot of violent shaking, things soon returned to (15) (a4) normal. {Gi Work in pairs and compare your answers. Say why you chose them, referring to the rules in Activity 2. ‘Work in groups. Discuss what types of weather conditions you like/dislike. Example: I’m quite scared of storms but | ove snow Find someone who has had one of the following experiences. been afraid ofa storm been snowed in had heatstroke been in a flood skidded on a patch of ce seen lightning strike lost theirway in fog 5 6 7 8 beeninorona rough sea 1 2 3 4 ©) Tell the class about the experiences you found out about. jeWord formation (Part 3) EXAM FOCUS p Look at the photo and the title of the article below. What kind of place do you think Death Valley is? How do you think it got its name? J Look at each gap and decide what part of speech is missing, Read the whole of the surrounding context before you make a choice. E] Use the word given in capitals at the end of some of the lines to form a word that fits in the gap in the same line. Which word needs a negative prefix? EXAM TIP. ‘You may need to add a suffix (e.g. -ness/-ous) to change the word to another part of speech, (e.g, -y luck = lucky); of a prefix (e.g. un-/dls-) to change the meaning (e.g lucky —unduicky. led RIA DD agroup oF (0) vol Riserem ieee toCalifornia, Temperature: Meet eee in foaet having no (1) Are aslucky miners made the rte Teen Despite its name, more @ ec ean ea newer? no idea how (3) Clean NG) not drink nearly enough wal 6) ese Teo Daca aad eS Cree ucse ature. (6) this ere high body temperature, red Cue ie en Chien ey r7C eg dizzy. Allth a esi aeee Teg einen aes Cece cua elk F : Creme ASSIST female al What advice would you give to someone going toa very hot or cold climate? Examples: You shoutd (drink)... Make sure you (wear) Avoid (sitting in the sun). Don't (ignore) warning signs Vocabulary negative prefixes with adjectives Ey Choose the prefix in italics which makes the adjective negative. 1. Theminers' trip through Death Valley was infunsuccesstl 2 Death Valley is very in/unhospitable place 3. The group on the expedition became un/dlstrustful of each other 4. I's m/inpossible to know how peop! such extreme conditions 5. Theinstructions on how to get iVuniogical 6 Some people thinkit is irinresponsibleto risk getting heatstroke. LANGUAGE TIP ‘The prefixes un. in-and als- can be used to make adjectives negative. (Note:in- becomes im- before’m' or'p', before a ‘word beginning with? and il- before a word beginning with I) Un- and dis- can also be used with verbs and nouns (untie, disappear/disappearance) can survive in vere were ‘Add a negative prefix to the underlined adjectives. 1. One advantage of winter ishow much we spend on heating our homes. 2 think tisegal to speak ona hands-free mobile while diving 3. it’s tkely that we'llbe able to have a barbecue unless yts much warmer. 4 Wve noticed that people get patient when they're driving during hot weather. 5 Itwasa great job despite the reqular working hours. 6 I'd be capable of surviving in low temo: if had the ight equipment tures even Work in pairs. Discuss something 1. which is unusual about you 2. which has made you indecisive, 3. which makes you impatient. Unit 4 anLISTENING FOCUS 16) How much do you know about Antarctica? Multiple choice (Part 4) Do the quiz. Then turn to page 139 and check» EXAM r your answers. BD You are going to hear an interview with 1 Antarctica Leo Stone, who describes his expedition to world's largest A. volcano, the South Pole in the steps of the explorer, B desert Shackleton. Before you listen, read the © mountain range. questions and options in Activity 3 and 2. Has Antarctica always been cold? underline the key words. A. No, itused to be tropical B Yes, it’s always been covered in thick ce EXADETIP Yes, but the ice used to bea lat thinner. The interviewer's questions will help you to locate the 3 Whichofthasewnmalsdayounotaet ‘questions you are listening for. The information on the aoe, 2 recording isin the same order as the questions 1-7. A penguins B se © pola 4 Wholedt nto reach the South Pole in 19112 A. Roald Amu B_ Robert Falcon Scott © Emest Shackleton 5 Why sEmest Shackleton’s 1908 edition famous? ‘A. Everyone except Shackleton survived trip. B_ Themen survived but they didn’t get to the South Pole © Alithe men died on the way back from the South Pole. 42 unitBD © 12 Listen to the interview and answer questions 1~7. Listen out for paraphrases or synonyms of the words you underlined in Activity 2. 1. What was unusual about Leo'steam? A. They wete all descendants of Emest Shackleton B. They ll had a personal link with the 1908 tip. € They'dall attempted to reach the South Pole before, 2. What does Leo say was the hardest thing for the team before the expedition? A. organising the finance B preparing mentally © getting physically fit 3 What does Leo say was easier for the 21*-century expedition than for Shackleton’s expedition? A. planning their daily route B doing the cooking carrying their equipment 4. What problem did both expeditions experience? ‘A. running out of food B aserious liness © bad weather 5 How did Leo feel when he was crossing the ‘Antarctic plateau? A He hadn't expected ito be so difficult B_ Hews worried they wouldn't reach the South Pole. © He doubted his skils asa leader. 6 The part ofthe trip Leo enjoyed the most was when they A teached the South Pole. B reached the same point that Shackleton had gotto, © reached home safely 7 What does .e0 admire about Shackleton? A hisdetermination B hisambition © hisbravery DD check your answers. What words or phrases did you hear to justify choosing A, B or C for ‘each question? Listen again and check the audio script on page 209. BD) Discuss the questions. 11 What would you find herd aboutaa trip lke this? 2 Shackleton considered a hero and a role model by many people. Who are your heroes and role models? 3) Which part of the world would you most like to explore? Why? Vocabulary idioms: the body (Bl Match the underlined idioms 1-10 to their meanings A-J. 1. Thehardest part was getting their heads around doing 2 900-mile journey. 2 When he came face to face with conditions there, Shackleton began to doubt he'd ever reach the Pole. 3 He's always puting his foot init. He|ust doesn’t know when to keep his mouth shut 4 My father and | don’t see eye to eye, Perhaps our relationship will improve when | leave home. 5. Something in the dstence caught my eve 6 | must keep aneye on the time. | don't want to belate. 7. itwas really dificult to keep astraight face: he looked so silly, I'm beginning to get cold feet about the whole idea. | can't face going to work | fee! terrible 10 Youneed to put your foot down, Don'tagree to working late every evening, oe pay attention to look serious attract your attention change your mind geton with each other feel unableto have cirect experience (of something) say the wrong thing say note something understand/accept an idea So raonmone> ‘Work in pairs. Tell your partner the last time you did the following things. Your partner should take notes. put your foot init couldn't face doing something putyour foot down couldn'tkeep a straight face got cold feet about something came face to face with something strange By change partners and tell him/her what your first partner said. Are there any similarities? ouRwNne Unit 4 Forces ofry GRAMMAR FOCUS Narrative forms past simple, past continuous and past perfect > GRAMMAR REF BD You are going to read a story about aman who was buried in an avalanche ona mountainside. Read paragraph 1 and predict what happens next. ‘The avalanche struck without warning. [ad ‘been putting up a snow shed 12,000 feet up in the Colorado mountains ‘that morning and when ‘ithappened T had jst stopped for a break. One minute I yas eating my Tunch and the next I found myself under 50 feet of snow. Which of the underlined forms 1 refertoa finished event n the past? 2. refers to something which happened before a point inthe past? 3° describes an action already in progress when one or more events happened? ©) Whatare the names of the verb forms in Acti 2? Howare they formed? 1D) Read the rest of the story below quickly. Don’t worry about the gaps yet. How well did you predict the ending? ©) complete the story with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. 1) sss (ae) a mouth fall of snow and it @) (be) torlly dark. To begin with 1 () (cine) ) ocons aay de) Then 1 (8) oon (ote) thae tears (6) (un) diagonally across my face and 1 os (A) E(B). ld) upside down. As soon as) {fee my upper body I (10) (sta) v0 dig. After many hours [finally 11)... (t) the first litle chink of light. When rescuers finally (12) ...c.. (ari) 1(13) (be) on the mountain for nearly 48 hours. past perfect simple and past perfect continuous 1) complete the sentences with the past perfect simple or past perfect continuous form of the verbs in brackets. Then match the examples with one of the statements, A or B. 1 since! (finish) my homework, | decided to 0 round to a friend's house. 2 Andy'sleg (hurt) forages betore he went tothe doctor 3 We (never see) a glacier before we went to Antarctica at {not hear) the news until Sophie rang me. ‘A. Only the simple forms possible here. B_Itis more natural to use the continuous form here because the action continues over a period of time. —_ LANGUAGE TIP ifthe time sequence is clear or there are time linkers such as before and after, itis not necessary to use the past perfect. went for run before /had lunch OR had been fora run before I had lunch. BUT sometimes the past perfect is necessary to ‘emphasise the order of events, When Tim arrived the party started. (t started after Tim arrived) When Tim arrived the party had started. it started before Tim arrived) ‘Complete the sentences so that B has the same meaning as A. Sometimes more than one form is possible. 1A Jack was hoping to compete in the Olympics. Then he hurt his back. B Before he (hurt) his back, Jack hope} to compete in the Olympics. 2 A Luke spent six monthsin hospital. He studied to bbea lawyer during this time. B_ While Luke (recover) in hospital, he (study) to be a lawyer. 3A Duting hisswim to the island, Lewis cut hisknee badly on a rock. B Lewis (swim) to the island when he (cut) his knee badly on a rock. 4A. Frances and Tom went out together for two years Then they split up B Before they (split up), Frances and Tom (go out) together for two years. 5 A itwasn’t necessary for me to buy any food. Karen cid it ear in the day. Bl {not/need) to buy any food because Karen (already/do) it earlier in the day,Ranking BD imagine you were on a desert island. Look at the diagram and discuss which of the skills you'd find easy or hard. Put them in order of difficulty. Use some of the language below to give opinions. For me, it'd be don’t think I'd be able to What I'd find easy would be that would be hardest. Tobe honest, the only thing | could do would be Is iteasy or difficult to learn ‘these skills? — buildinga boatiraft Collaborative task (Part 3) > EXAM BD) Work in pairs. Look at the examiner's instructions and underline the two things you have to discuss. Here are some survival skills that people sor need to learn, Talk to each other about wh would be easy or difficult to learn these skil (after 2 two-minute discussion) Thank you. Now you have about a minute to decide which two survival skills would be the most useful to learn, ED © 14 Listen to students doing the second part of the task. Do you agree with their opinions? © complete the sentences, then listen again to check your answers. 1 ofthe finding water. 2 I'd making afire making ashelter 3 think learning to make fire would be the forme. 4 So skills, making fire and finding water would be the most usefu 1D) Change the sentences in Activity 4 so that they have the opposite meaning. EXAM TIP. Use all of the time (about one minute) you have for the second part to decide something together— don't reacha decision too quickly 15) Do the task in Activity 2, choosing from the survival skills in the diagram. You have two minutes for the first part and one minute to make the decision. Compare your decisions in groups. Did you agree? ) Work in pairs and discuss the questions. 1. What kind of person do you need to be to survive on a desert island? 2 How important ist for people to know how to survive inthe wild? 3. Doyou think most people today have lost touch with nature? 4 Inwhat ways can the natural world bea threat tohumans? 5. Inwhat ways can humans be natural world? hreat to the unit 43WRITING FOCUS Essay (Part 1) expressing and supporting ideas > WRITING REFERENCE pp.|66 and 167 ‘Work in pairs. Read the essay title and discuss whether you agree or disagree with the idea of adventure tourism. [In your English class you have been talking about | | extreme environments. Now, your English teacher | | has asked you to write an essay. | D2000000009090, Do you think ‘adventure tourism’ in unexplored parts of the world should | beencouraged? Notes Write about: 1 negative effects of tourism 2 personal risk 3 (your own idea) Write an essay using all the points and give reasons for your point of view. Write 140-190 words. Match the ideas 1-4 to notes 1 and 2 in Activity 1. Decide whether the writer is agreeing or disagreeing with the essay title in each case. 1. [Ppeaple train and prepave for expeditions, there't a good chance theyll be safe. 2. The problem is that beautiful places will get spoilt eFt00 many people go there 3 Aslong os people respect the evwironment, there should be ety tle damage. 4 Inmy view, anything too dangerous should be lf to tthe professionals By Match the reasons A-D to the points 1-4 in Activity 2. A. Anincreased number of tourists wil lead to move building development. B Hf people don't know what they're doing, & can endanger their lives and the lives of others Cle requires people to be responsible ond avoid leaving rich D These days, there isa lot of equipment to help people. 46 Unit 4 Forces of natu (©) Think of some more points and supporting formation (examples or reasons) for notes 1 and 2 in Activity 1. Compare your ideas with a partner. EXAM TIP Remember to clearly state your main point in the form of a summary sentence for each note, Support it with 2 reason or example if there is space. 1) work in pairs to think of any connecting words you can use to link the supporting information to the main points. Examples: Reasons: because (of), due to Examples: An example ofthis is, Take, for exarmple ‘Adding reasons/examples: in addition, As well as this 1 Think about what your own point will be for note 3 in Activity 1 and compare your idea with a partner. There are some suggestions below. Remember to give a reason for the point you choose. local job opportunities personal development knowledge about the world Read the essay title and task and plan how you will answer it. Use the guidelines 1-4 below. In your English class you have been discussing the importance of nature. Now, your teacher has asked youto write an essay ee Many people think living in the countryside provides a better way of life. Towhat extent do you agree? Notes Write abour: 1 health 2 day-to-day life Bn {your own idea) Write an essay using all the notes and give reasons foryour point of view. Write 140-190 words. | 11 Read the question and undertine the key points 2 Brainstorm ideas around the topic. What will your ‘own idea be? 3 Make notes on the posttive and negative points. Do you agree or disagree, or can you see both sides? 4 Pian how many paragraphs yau will have and decide ‘hich notes you will include in each one. By check what you have written and make sure you have not included the same mistakes that you made in your last piece of writing.El complete the article with a/an, the or—(no article), Record-breaking WIAILIK’ After (1) incredible 859 days and 6,000 miles, British explorer Ed Stafford became ® first man to walk (3) entire Tength of (4) ‘Amazon. He finally reached 6) Atlantic in (6) Brazil two and a half years after he started his epic adventure in@ jungles of Peru. The final leg proved one of (8) most challenging, with Mr Stafford collapsing ® few hours before reaching his final destination. Mr Stafford fell out with his original walking partner Luke Collyer, 37, (10) outdoor activities instructor, and after only three months, Mr Collyer returned to (11) UK. Mr Stafford advertised for (12) new walking partner and was joined by Sanchez Rivera, (13) Peruvian forestry worker. Living off (14) piranha and rice, they made their way through Peru, Colombia and Brazil. Mr Stafford said on Monday, ‘All [ want now is (15) portion of fish and chips and 16) nice cold beer.” Complete the sentences with the correct form of the word in brackets. 12M saan OF Sling, 'm-100 car His approach to the problem is eratio and logic The project was investmentin it (Success) My mothers with my younger brother. ie never explains things properly. (patience) That isan extremely v nave You should be tying to set a good example, (responsibility) Some celebrities are when journalists rt asking them personal questions. (trust) Match 1-8 to A-H to make sentences. | always put my foot in when I'm nervous and His explanation is ether I can never keep ass far-fetched, which means I'm getting cold feet about the cycling race because If1'm told there will be sic Tom and | dan'tsee.eye to many issues so My parents want me to keep an eye on my brot 150 If something in a shop window catches my eve, I'm useless at teling jokes. Ian’ lind it dificult to believe. | don’t think I've trained enough. I can'tsee our relationship lasting, | prefer to avoid taking it Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given, Use between two and five words, including the word given lived in London until got married last ye BEEN in London untill fied last year Ittook three days for us to wi WERE couldn't remember t FORGOTTEN get there, sag e years since I'd visite to Peru for th unit 4 a748 Ee food Work in pairs. Look at the photos of daily diets from around the world and discuss the questions. 11 Which diet looks the most appealing 2 whid 3) What can we tell intries by looking at these pe Find out as much as you can about your partner's diet. Does your partner 1 2 3 4 5 6 Complete the phrases with the words in the box. balanced fat free low vegetarian vitamins 1 ahigh diet 2 astrict diet 3 adietrichin 4 awe diet Baan cSalt ie 6 diet Use the phrases in Activities 2 and 3 to describe the diet most people have where you live. How healthy is it? Which phrases would you use to describe the diet you should have?LANGUAGE TIP. Don't get confused between afew and few. The party was OK; there were a few people | knew there. (a few = some) The party wasn'ta success few people tumedup.(few= hardly any). NB hardly anyis more natualin poten English GRAMMAR FOCUS Expressions of quantity > GRAMMAR REF 1B How healthy do you think a Japanese sumo wrestler's diet is compared to other athletes? {5} choose the correct option(s) in italics. Sometimes both options are possible. 11 Japanese sumo wrestlers consume an enormous amount of/a great deal of alories~ ten times more than the recommended dally intake for an average man. ‘Sumo wrestlers eat very few/very litte eggs. ‘Sumo wrestlers drink a great deal of/an enormous amount of beer. Asumo wrestler’ diet only contains alittle/a few salt. Work in pairs and discuss the questions. =~Baon Which of the expressions in the box can be used instead of the expressions of quantity in italics in Activity 6? abitof alotof hardly any 2. Which expressions of quantity in Activity 6 and in the box above can be used with countable/uncountable nouns? Copy the table and complete it. Some can be used with both, Countable Uncountable EB) Tum to page 149 for more practice with countable and uncountable nouns. ©) what is the difference in meaning between these examples? 1A Theshop selisa few cakes. B The shop sels wery few cakes 2 A There’salitte cheese left B There's very litle cheese left. (D Work in pairs. Ask and answer questions based on the sentences in Activity 9. Subject/Verb agreement > GRAMMAR I 49 (1) Work in pairs. Choose the correct option in italics and explain your choices. 1. Not many people like likes raw fish Two thousand five hundred calories per day s/are enough for the Everyone need/needs to eat a balanced diet. Eating alot of fresh vegetables and cheese is/are good for you There is/are alot of advice on the internet abou erage man 3 4 5 ing a healthy diet 6 Most af my family eat/eats meat but I'm a vegetarian [complete these sentences about eating habits so that they are true for you. Then compare with a partner. 1 Mostof my family 3 Oneofmy friends 2. Both of my parents 4 Noone inmy house50 Open cloze (Part 2) EXAM FOCUS 186 Work in pairs and discuss how far these statements are true for you. 1. | can’tstand the taste of chill. t's too hot 2 love food which has lots of spices and different flavours 3. lamaddicted t cups of coffee caffeine —| drink at least four day, Read the text opposite quickly and choose the correct words in italics. 1. Thewriter kes/doesn't ike cil 2 Chil can besisn’t very addictive Look at the gaps in the text. In which four gaps should you put an expression of quantity? Give reasons for your answers. AM TIF In Pert 2 you need to use a variety of grermmatica! ‘forms, such as pronouns (he, thern), prepositions (at about), articles a, the), auxiliaries (do, ar), linking ‘words (although, next), comparisons (than, as) and quantifiers (ary, many) Now think of the word which best fits each gap. Use one word in each gap. There is an example at the beginning. Look at the expressions of quantity from the text, What other ways are there to say the same thing? 1 very few people 2. does nat seem to have any adictive qualities 3. alarge quantity of 4 lots of our favourite dishes Work in pairs and discuss the questions. 1 What do children generally dislike eating? 2 What foods did you hate at first, but enjoy now? re any food thet you refuse to eat? Why? cople don't wash their eyes in lemon juice or! ‘pour boiling hot tea over themselves, so why are we prepared to go through so (0) much pain for the sake of chilli? Chilli is not the only strange thing that people seem to enjoy. For example, very (1) people like the bitter taste of coffee to begin with but soon most of us (2) used to it. But coffee contains caffeine, which has some addictive qualities, and this explains (3) it is so popular. But capsaicin, the ingredient which makes chillies hot, does not seem to have (4) addictive qualities whatsoever. (5) we consumed a large quantity of it, it would kill us. And yet chillies have (6) used in cooking in almost (7) culture for thousands of years. Today, a third of the world’s population eat chilli at least once a day. Lots of our favourite dishes just wouldn’t taste right (8) it.Sentence completion (Part 2) D» EXAM FOCUS p.! 88 Do most people still cook traditional dishes in your country? What new foods have become popular recently? BD Look at question 1 in the text below. What kind of information do you think is missing? Give reasons for your answers. A ameal B atype of food © anenimal ED underline the key words in the text below and make sure you understand what each sentence means, THE IMPORTANCE OF COOKING © © 15 You will hear a food writer called Sarah Willis talking about the history of cooking. Follow the steps in Activity 2 for each answer, then listen and complete the sentences, EXAM TIP ‘You may hear more than one number/noun/ adjectivelverb that will fit grammatically. But only ‘one of these will fit the meaning. B) Read through your answers to check they make sense grammatically. (Bi work in pairs and discuss the questions. Give reasons for your answers. 11 How much raw food do you eat? 2 Doyou think people should eat less meat? 3 What would you like to eat mare or lass of? Sarah says about 60 percent of a chimpanzee’ diet consists of a mixture of (1) There is 10 (2) annun a large percentage ofthe plants that chimpanzees eat ‘The size of the human (3) makes it dificult for people to eat large quantities of plants Before they discovered cooking, itcould take a minimum Of (4)... for people to eat their food. (One benefit of cooking was that (5) Until the following day. could be kept Some scientists think cooking resulted in an increase in the size of the (6) The idea of sharing a (7) with the whole family probably started when peaple began to cook. The risk rom (8). protection, New evidence from Africa shows that (9) could have been used earlier than scientists previously thought. During the last ice age the extra (10) cooked food helped people to survive. meant that female cooks needed provided by Units 51READING FOCUS Multiple choice (Part 5) DP EXAM FOCUS p| 8 BD Discuss the questions and give reasons for your answers. 11 fyoulived on your own, would you bother cooking? 2. Would you ever replace e meal with an energy drink or smoothie? Read the article quickly to find out three pieces of information about a food product called Soylent. Then compare with a partner. EXAM TIP. Rememiber, when you are looking for the answers in this par, the questions will follow the order of the text, Always check your answers very carefully. ©) For questions 1-6, choose the answer (A,B, Cor D) which you think fits best according to the text. 1 Whydid Rob Rhinehart initially create Soylent? ‘A. He sawit as 2 way of earning money to support hisnew compary. B_ He felt that cooking was taking up too much of histime. © Hewanted tolive on a diet of nutritious food. D_He thought that he would be able to live more cheaply. 2 Following the interest in his blog, Rhinehart A couldn't keep up with the demand for Soylent. B had to choose which of his businesses to close, C improved the recipe for Soylent. D started producing big quantities of Soylent, 3. The writer was surprised by the public reaction to Soylent because A. liquid food has always been associated with ilthealth, B_ people were already familiar with the idea of liquid meal replacements. © there are lots of similar products available. D astronauts stopped using liquid food a long time ago, 4 What does Rhinehart say about people's eating habitsin the future? A They will feel less hungry at meal times. B They will prefer eating liquid food. © They will only cook when they feel ike it. D They will appreciate eating out more than people do now. 7 52 Units ; 5. What point is made in the fifth paragraph? ‘A. Most of cur food has been altered in some way. B Food production needs to get more efficient. € People are reluctant to eat food products they consider unnatural D Piants which are easy to grow will soon replace more popular vegetables 6 Inthe final paragraph, the writer expresses ‘A. doubt that Soylent is only suitable for one group of people. B_ hope that Soylent may be a solution to a serious problem, surprise about the predicted demand for Soylent products D disagreement that products like Soylent area risk to femily life. 1D Work in pairs. Check your answers by matching key words in the options to what is stated in the text. Work in pairs and discuss the questions, 1 Would you consider trying Soylent? What do you think are its advantages and disadvantages? 2. What would you give up if you wanted to save money? A. buying snacks D your phone B going out E yourcar C buying presents F something else? {©} Match the underlined phrases in the article to their meanings 1-6. 1 refuse to accept 2 remove the need for 3 discover by accident 4 nolanger possible to continue 5 belimitedto 6 spread quickly on the internet Work in pairs and decide whether both or only one of the verbs in italics collocates with the noun. Then check the meaning in a dictionary. 1 Their crop of soya beans has doubled/expanded in size. 2. The business expanded/grew rapidly. 3. They ised/arew a huge family on very litle money. 4 Noone raised/introduced any objections to the plan. 5 The company had to raise/increase production to meet demand for the product. ED Use the verbs in Activity 7 to talk about changes in your town/city, your workload and the cost of transport.THE DEATH OF COOKING? ob Rhinehart’s idea for R lent (he name is a hybrid of soybeans and lentils) dates back to when he was living on his own in San Francisco and struggling to build a wireless networking business. Desperate to preserve his rapidly declining funds, he identified food as one of his biggest costs and hit upon a novel way to economise, After researching the essential nutrients required for maintaining human health, he ordered the ingredients from the internet and blended them together to make a liquid concoction that would do away with the bother of cooking. In a blog post entitled How 1 ‘Stopped Eating Food, he wrote about how the idea of food was outdated, ‘The posting went viral and, when his original wi-fi business finally reached the end of the line Rhinehart decided to put all his energies into making Soylent a success. He raised money bby getting small sums from hundreds of online investors. This enabled him to start producing Soylent on a large scale, Last year the company was said to be valued at $100m. Now, the ready-to-drink version ~ Soylent 2.0 ~ is packaged in attractive white bottles and shipped across the USA and Canada and to other markets. More than 25m servings have been shipped sinee May 2014, ‘The public reaction which greeted Soylent was a little surprising, given ‘that the idea of liquid food is nothing new. In hospitals it has been used for decades to feed patients that are too ‘weak to digest solid food. Liquid meal replacements are also a regular feature of the diet industry and have been sold to people hoping to lose weight as a miraculous way of both satisfying ‘hunger and minimising calorie intake, ‘The concept of liquid food first caught the public imagination following the early expeditions into space when astronauts survived on packets of powdered dried food, which had to be dissolved in hot water. These days, liquid meal replacements are no longer considered rocket science but what is new is the suggestion that these products should become a normal part of our everyday diet. Rhinehart is convinced that we will start to abandon three meals a day and instead rely on meal replacement drinks which meet our dietary requirements, We don't work on farms, ‘we don't work on assembly lines and I don’t think we should eat like we do. T think people will switch to eating ‘when hungry rather than eating on a schedule.’ He stresses this does not ‘mean the end of cooking or eating for pleasure; people will only cook when they have time or are in the mood, and ‘will continue to enjoy socialising with friends in restaurants. One of the ingredients for Soylent 4s oil from seaweed, which Rhinehart considers a wonder plant because it is both extremely nutritious and fast-growing. He believes that one day we will all cultivate seaweed or other forms of algae in our gardens. ‘The main ingredients for Soylent fare extracts from soya, lentils and eetroot, plants which are known to ‘be beneficial for health. Despite this, Rhinehart's product hes drawn plenty of criticism from nutritionists, who say something is lost when giving up eating food in its natural state. Soylent’s creator is having none of it, He argues that humans have always interfered with nature and that all of the crops that we produce have gradually been modified and adapted for human consumption over time. ‘Another objection to Rhinehart’s theory about the future of food is that its appeal may be confined to single young people. The idea of families sitting around drinking from their individual Soylent bottles seems quite chilling as it reduces the traditional shared meal to a cold functional experience, But there are others who argue that meal replacement drinks like Soylent could be used in the battle against childhood obesity. According to Rhinehart, children love Soylent and he is considering bringing out flavoured versions which would appeal to them. Perhaps an unintended benefit of products like Soylent is that they could, with any luck, be a way to control our ever increasing addiction to salt and suger. units 53nm GRAMMAR FOCUS 54 Passive forms > GRAMMAR REFERENCE p./5 Read the sentences about celebrations. Decide whether itis better to use the active (sentence ‘A) or passive (sentence B) form of the verb and say why. 1A Atweddings in aly, they offen give sugared almonds to guests, B_Atweddings in aly, sugared almonds are often ‘given to quests ‘Some people hate surprise parties that people give them on their birthdays. B Some people hate being given surprise parties ‘on their birthdays. We must make a decision soon about which restaurant we should book for mum and dad's wedding anniversary. B Adecision must be made soon about which restaurant we should book for mum and ded’ wedding anniversary. We will provide flowerson all the tables at the ‘wedding reception. B_ Flowers will be provided on all the tables at the ‘wedding reception Iwas really thrilled when my sister asked me to give a speech at her wedding. B [was eally thrilled to be asked by my sister to give a speech at her wedding DD Read the text about a celebration. What is unusual about it? 2A ‘At the end of November an annual feast .. in Lopburi, Thailand. An enormous amount of fruit and vegetables (2) by local people. Chefs (3) to prepare a ‘wonderful meal. Not so unusual, pethaps, except that ‘the 3,000 guests are all monkeys! Monkeys (4)... sna @Verywhere in this jungle town and monkeys (5) to bring wealth, in the form of tourism. The feast (6) jn 1989 bya local businessman as a way of saying thank you to them. ©) complete the text with the verb phrases in the box. are believed canbeseen have been invited was started will be donated will be taking place LANGUAGE TIP ‘We use the passive form whien we don't know/it doesn't matter/it’s obvious who does the action, + Use a form of to be + past participle. Unit's r 1) Work in pairs. Think of popular celebrations in your country. What food is typically eaten and how is it forms. made? Try to use pa: Passive reporting verbs B Look at sentences A, 8 and C. Which sentence(s) avoid(s) saying who believes? What is the difference in form? ‘A. Thai people believe that monkeys bring wealth. B_ Monkeys are believed to bring weaith © itis believed that monkeys bring wealth. LANGUAGE TIP. ‘We can report opinions and beliefs with verbs such as think or beleve, ‘© it passive reporting verb + that clause *# subject + passive reporting verb + present/pertect infinitive [Fl complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. People expect tourists to carry sticks to protect ‘themselves from curious monkeys, ARE TOUS nesmennnninnn protect themselves from curious monkeys. Most people think monkeys are a huge tourist attraction BE Monkeys... tourist attraction by most people, "Newspapers claim that twenty top chefs have been invited to prepare the meal By tt newspapers that twenty top chefs have been invited to prepare the meal The tourist office has estimated that over 10,000 visitors watch the feast. BEEN It . that over 10,000 visitors watch the feast. vw Sticks 10 ahuge Everyone says monkeys can be very aggressive around food. To Monkeys aggressive around food bevery ‘Work in pairs. Discuss stories which have been reported recently online or on TV. Example: The prime minister/oresicent is saic) to be Anew tilm about ... has been made recentlyLong turn (Part 2) comparing anc giving a reaction dé say why the 10 eat in places like these, LUsten carefully to the question and make sure you answer it. There are usually two parts to the question, Look at the photos and the exam task, and tick the statements you agree with. Can you think of any other points of comparison between the photos? 1. Although the food in an expensive be wonderful, the atmosphere isn’t fast-food rest 2. Inexpensive esta meals, wher fastfood pl urant may riendly as in ts you often have to have full usually just get a snack in 3 While fast-food restaurants are quick and cheap, they usvally serve unhealthy junk food, 4. Both formal and fast-food restaurants are popular with youn, oununa Underline the linking expressions in Activity 1 which are used to compare and contrast. ‘Work in pairs. Match the sentences 1-6 to the types of restaurant in the photos, A and B. You don'thave to dress up, You can't het yo W's overpriced, They're good for special occasions. The atmosphere Thefoad'sa © 16 Listen to Danuta doing the task and answer the questions. What differences dot she mention between the photos? How does she respond to the second part o the question? Look at the audio script on page 211. What adjectives does Danuta use? Work in pairs. Turn to page 134 and complete Task 1. Then turn to page 136 and swap roles for Task 2. tS 5556 Describing a personal experience By Read the restaurant review and tick the things that are mentioned. + sft + writers expectations + location + décor © otherdiners + experience + prices * food ED work in pairs and discuss the questions. 1. Would you go to Franco's after reading this review? 2. Doyou prefer to read restaurant reviews or to get personel recommendations from friends betore going to a new restaurant? 3. How good do you think the restaurants are where you live? Which ones would you recommend to a visitor to your town/city? 4. Have you ever been disappointed or pleasantly surprised by a meal in a restaurant? ED Inwhich paragraph(s) does the writer A. give details about the food? B say who she recommends the restaurant for? describe her experience? D express negative points? LANGUAGE TIP Recommend can be followed by ~ing or a clause. I would strongly recommend booking/that you bookin advance, © copy the table and complete it with words/ phrases from the review. food staff experience best pizza in the city, ©) underline examples in the text where the writer uses A. adverbs for emphasis. B the passive © expressions for giving opinions. Units « c Franco’s Franco'son Canal Streets saidto be the best pizza restaurant in the city but aivays avoided going there because of their no-bookings policy; tnere's nothing | hate more than having to queve for ages. But last week a friend insisted on taking me there and although we did have to wait about 20 minutes fora table, twas definitely worth it There are onty six pizzas on the menu, which may disappoint some who expect to have @ wider selection on offer, ut for ime it's the quality of the ingredients thet counts — not the size of the menu. The pizzas here actually taste authentically Neapolitan, which isn't that surprising given that the owner 's from Naples and had the wooct-fred pizza oven specially designed there The service was very efficient ~ but nat too efficient. We didnt get the impression that the walters were under pressure to serve us quickly so that they could squeeze in more customers. In fect, they couldnt have been friendlier (or more helpful ‘The only downside was that it was extremely hot 8s we were given 2 table quite close to the pizza oven. But on the whole it was a frst-ate experience — so much better than ‘going to one of the characterless pizza chains. 'd strongly Fecommend going to Franco's. I's @ great place for a top- quality, affordable meal out with friends. Review (Part 2 WRITING REFERENCE p (Gy Read the exam task and write a review, using some of the ideas and language from the review of Franco's. You should write 140-190 words. ‘You see this advertisement in the local paper. WANTED: RESTAURANT CRITICS! Have you tied 2 new restaurantin your area recenty? We'd like to know your opinion, not ony of the food but also the atthe atmosphere an the prices. Tell us whether you ‘would recommend the restaurant to other people. The best review willbe published in next week's paper. your review. EXAM TIP You should include both positive and negative comments but don't forget to state your overall opinion.Bi Choose the best answer (A, B, C or D) to complete the sentences. 1 He snacks 2 fot nae Meals A besides Bon € between —D from 2. Itsimportant to eata diet... im vitamins. Arch = Bhigh —C full D plenty 3 People would be healthier if they ate less food. Afest — Bequick Chumied —D speedy 4 Never add salt to any dish without itfirst to see iftt’s needed. A tasting B cooking € flavouring pouring 5 Some cultures are knOWM wa. their spicy food. Aby — B for about D with 6 What oon te needed to make that dish? Aparts Bitems — € ingredients pieces 7 Alotof children are addicted sugar Afor Bon cto Dy 8 The price ofcoffe........by more than 20 percent lastyear. Araised B increased C expanded —_D doubled Complete the sentences with one word. 1. We've got vey......... cheese left, Can you goto the shops for me? 1 don't 8 ne 2995 these days; just twoa week. ‘There's oniyatiny..... OF cake left. Who's eaten it all? She €2ts....n. any chocolate these days. Eating of fruits very good for you. There are On 2 ...nu lorie in a strawberry ‘There's a great... Ofsalt in this dish of food forthe party. eVaunun We cooked an enormous ou Choose the correct word in italics to complete the sentences. Ahigh percentage of people is/are allergic tonuts. Both coffee and tea contain/contains alot of caffeine. Only one of my brothers s/are a good cook. Neither of my parents eat/eats meat. ‘The government has/have introduced new rules about food labels. Information on ways to improve your diet is/are available on the website. ‘The Spanish eat/eats a ot of fish. Four hundred pounds is/are an awful lot of money to spend on one meal. ‘Complete the sentences with the correct passive form of the verb in brackets. Children (each) about healthy ‘eating in many schools. This restaurant .. Geview)in six newspapers recently. The onions must (fyuntil they are soft That chet (say) to be extremely telented, Alithe cake (€20 lastnight Only fifty PeOPIE mann ite) to thei ‘wedding, which ison Saturday (style as advert ‘torn out from a newspaper]58 Work in pairs and discuss the questions 1. What kinds oflive performances do you enjoy? formers? ver give money to st he best/worst street performers yo Work in pairs and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of being a street performer. Use phrases from Activity 2 and the ideas in the box. interest pay practice risk of injury stress of performing travel working hours > EXAM Work in pairs and discuss the first question. 1. Which do you think you need more of to succeed in the ars: 2. How important do you think tis for schools to offer art, dance to all students? 3 nof ant, dance or drama classes at school? 4 What do you think ke part in TV talent sho 5 Inwhicharea of thea el? 6 Which painter, dancer, v ou most admire? Give reasons.SPEAKING FOCUS © 17 Listen to two students, Roberto and Beata, answering question 1 Do you agree with their opinions? ‘ask hisrher partner a question? summarise his/her partner's opinion? (©) what language did Roberto/Beata use to 1 2 3 accept his/her partner’ argument? Look at the audio script on page 211 and check your answers. EXAM TIP Sayas muchas possible but ‘ryto include your partner in ‘he discussion and lsten to what he/she says. E Do you think Roberto and Beata answered the question well? Why/Why not? In what ways, if any, could they improve their answers? ) Work in pairs. Discuss the other questions in Activity 4. Try to expand your answers as much as you can. Vocabulary the arts {© complete the sentences with the words in the box. abstract blockbusters cast contemporary gallery productions 1. mnot convinced | like al classicaballet but love dance 2 sometimes nip into an art or exhibition during my lunch break 3. | prefer landscapes or ponraits to more paintings 4. iloften go toa play more than once if there's a different performing 5 _Itend 10 go for original theatre by controversial directors 6 I'makeen film-goer but | usually avoid {(D) work in pairs. 1 Rewrite the sentencesin Activity 10's they ae true for you. Say the sentences toa partner, giving reasons. Try to use some of the language from Activity 2. 2 Take turns to describe alive performance you have seen. 3 Find out as much information as you can about your partner's favourite painting, dance production, pay, music etc Example: tas... by... lsaw/heard lemakes me fee! | was really impressed by fo Unit 6 in the sf 59Multiple choice: short extracts (Part I) > EXAM © 18 You will hear people talking in eight different situations. First, underline the key words in question 1. Then listen and choose the best answer, A, B or C. alking about a play, What di sic € the costumes ©) work in pairs and answer the questions to check. Then listen to question 1 again. 1. Wes the information in the recording order as options A, B and C? 2 words in options 3 all the options, A, 8 4) Which w 5 bout E] © 19 Underline the key words in questions 2-8. Then listen and choose the best answer, A,Borc. EXAM TIP Don't worry if you don't understand every word. Just focus on choosing the best option to answer the question, when they're o jing to eat jut what time the play starts 60 i Work in pairs and celebrity intervie a film review A the varie B the unus € the fam actress being interviewed on ther giving her B bing © stating a wish t 8 Youhearam A herbroth B her € herf uss the paraphrases you heard which helped you to choose your answers. Then check the audio script on page 211 BB work in pairs and discuss the questions.Future forms > GRAMMAR i BD Decide which of the underlined verbs are examples of the present continuous, present simple, will, going to or modal verbs. A: So, whe do you think will et the main part? B: | expect (1) it'll be Zoe. She's probably the best singer and dancer although my dad thinks it (2) could be Molly. Mr Paton says (3) he’s going total usin our next drama class ‘A: When (4) ate vou starting rehearsals? B: On Friday. (5) t's going to be really hd work because the show (6) apensin three weeks time. In fact | think (7) L'lLgo and start reading 2 script no ‘A: (8) LiLhelp you leatn your lines if that’s any help. BD Match the numbered future forms in the dialogue to their uses A-H. A anotter B a fixed arrangement © atimetabied eventin the furure D an intention -something that someone has decided to do in the future a prediction based on a belief or opinion a prediction based on fact a future possibil a spontaneous decision zramm BD what words can you use instead of could for example 2 in Activity 1? © © 20 complete the dialogues with the correct future form of the verbs in brackets. Then. listen and check. willpresent continuous A: What (1) B: (2) (go) to the dance festival in the park Ison all weekend ‘As Oh, I'd really ike to go but my brother @) (move) house and | have to help him. (do) this weekend? B: That'sast ‘A: Never mind, I'm sure you (4) (enioy)i B: Yes. It should be fun, especially as| think the weather's going to be good, GRAMMAR FOCUS going to/will/present simple A Hi Ben! Are you going tothe film festival at on Saturday. | (5) online tis afternoon, AA: How much ae they? B: Only £15. | (6) A: That would be great. What time (7) (san)? 7.30, But | (8) (leave) home early, at Six oclock because ofthe trafic ipckyou up coniy way you want tickers (get) you one if you lke. B as soon as, until, when, before, after 1B) Look at the examples and answer the questions. + Assoonas the film ends, + Weil have dinner when s 1. What form of the verb follows a future time expression? 2. Isthe clause with the ti the present or the future? arrives 3 Isthe time clause at the beginning or the end of he sentence? 4 Whatis the difference in meaning between as soon as and when? 5) choose the correct option in italics. Laura is hoping to go to drama college after she (1) will eave/ieaves school. As soon as she (2) s finishing/finishes her exams, she’s going to research the best places to study. When she (3) finds/is going to find somewhere that she can do both drama and dance, she'll apply to go there. But first she wants to take a year out and work ina supermarket or asa ‘waitress until she (4) will have/has enough money to contribute towards her college fees. Before anywhere (5) is offering/offers her a place, though, she'll need tohave an audition Complete these sentences about your life and then discuss them with a partner. Assoona \ Before ' After Won't nn Ul something you intend to do later today. | an arrangement for next weekend. | a hope for the future of your country a prediction about the world in the next ten years. 1 2 3 4 ©) tell your partner about 1 2 3 4 unit 6 6READING FOCUS Gapped text (Part 6) > EXAM BD Work in pairs and discuss the questions. 1 ‘or using different kinds of social fe popular? Why? sons es are m most? Think 2. What kinds of people u: age, type of job, per ality type, 3 Doyouthink people who use social media a great deal are narcissistic (interested in themselves and the way they appear people)? GD Read the text quickly and answer questions tand 2 EXAM TIP Make sure you read the whole text quickly before trying to answer the questions, 11 How does the writer explain na first paragraph? inthe lete this sentence main point summarise the writer's Socal media encourages people to A get false impression of the celebrities they follow. B have unrealistic hopes for their own futures. € become too focused on the opinion others hi of the ED Look at the text around the first gap and at the list of options in Activity 4. kind of 1 Predict wh: from the gap. 2. Which of the missing options links back to the topi formation you think is missing 3. Underline the words and phrases which link the option to the missing infor 1 Follow the procedure in Activity 3 for the rest of the gaps (2-6) and choose the sentence that fits each gap. There is one extra sentence which you do not need to use. A media but they have B Furtherm > be appreciated is a crucial part of psychol farand becomes a others € supported and rewarded by D Ther reality TV, which tumed. E F The explanation fort Individuals are much to portray an enviable, adcasting the many viral friends. G Interestingly, what the attention seekin © work in pairs and discuss the questions. 1. [sit true to say that many people these d us without ial media do you enjoy using most? do you use it 3. What, 4. Are there any issuesin ordisagree he artSharing the (self) love: the rise of the selfie and digital narcissism elcome to the age of digital narcissism. We can all name celebrities who are keen | users of social media and who we suspect ‘have the following things in common: a desire to be noticed, a self-important view of themselves, superficial personalities and shameless self-publicity. In that sense, they are just like millions of their Facebook and Twitter fans around the world, except successful, Until the 90s, the media provided an escape from reality by transporting viewers to the fictional universe of situational comedy and soap operas. [1] __] It did this by broadcasting the allegedly genuine and ordinary lives of everyday people and making them into cultural blockbusters. However, in the past decade, social media appears to have enabled everybody to make their life public and be the star of their own 24/7 show. ‘There are now many mega-successful apps and websites. [21 J 1 all began with MySpace, a list of hopeful future pop stars and DJs. Then came Facebook, the ‘choice of the average petson. YouTube gave everybody thelr own TV channel, Blogger and Tumblr made us all creative writers. Twitter brought inloads of followers and LinkedIn encouraged us to give each other approval of our professional skills. Instagram made ‘selfle’ the word of the year, while Tinder and Snapchat made Facebook ook intellectual. Unsurprisingly, narcissism levels have been rising for decades. (3 |At the same time, the advent of Facebook and Twitter has brought with ita steep decline | in generosity and levels of sympathy. We ate now more Vocabulary word formation ‘connected than ever, but also less interested in other people, except when it comes to finding out what they think about us. Its as if being closer to others made us, ‘more antisocial Needless to say, most social media users are not naroissistic. Yet the more narcissistic you are, the heavier your social media use. Indeed, scientific studies have shown that the number of status updates, attractive selfie, followers and friends are all positively linked to nareissism.[4 |) ‘The big problem with the rise of digital narcissism {s that it puts enormous pressure on people to reach unachievable goals, without necessarily putting in much effort. Wanting to be Beyoncé or Jay Z is hard enough already, but when you are not prepared to work hard to achieve it, you are better offjust beingless ambitious. Few things are more destructive than the belief that you have the right to something, combined with a lazy work ethic. Uttimately, online evidence of narcissism may be little more than a way of making up for a low and fragile se esteem. [5] In this case, reality is misinterpreted and narcissistic fantasies are strengthened. Pethaps it is time to turn social media into @ therapeutic tool, at the service of the public and society. Examining the tise of narcissism could be done both at an individual and population level "The alm of this would be to make users aware of thelt excessive self-promotion, uncontrollable selflove and even signal when an entire population might beat risk of becoming too self-obsessed forts own sake. Or ist too late? ‘Compare answers and check with the underlined words in the article. 1) work in pairs. student A: make adjectives from the words in the first box. Student B: make nouns from the ‘words in the second box. Adjectives from nouns/verbs achieve (v) ambition (n) culture (n) destroy (v)_ excess (n) hope (n/v) intellect (n) science (n) therapy (n) Nouns from adjectives/verbs approve (v) believe (v) choose (v) evident (adj) generous (ad) promote () real (adj) ED) complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in brackets. Then work in pairs and discuss whether you agree with the statements. 1 Idon't always feel very technology on our lives. (hope) about the impact of 2 think lam probably more ofa (create) thana.. (science) person, 3 Vey (2mbition) people are more likely tobe disappointed in life. 4 | think everyone should have the study atschoal, 5 It'simportant for children to get alot of parental (aperove) when they’re growing up. 6 Thereisno (evident) that suger is bad for you. Unit 6 in (choose) of what to 66 64 GRAMMAR FOCU Future perfect and continuous >» GRAMMAR i: BD) Read part of an articl gives his views about the future of cinema. Do you agree with what he says? Tm sure that Tl) still be making films for the cinema in thirty years’ time, Aer all, the cinema offers a group experience that is sociable and is not at all the same as watching a film on the small screen at home. Although some directors will_be experimenting with interactive techniques in 2050, many others may have come to the conclusion that the reason most people like going to the cinema is the opportunity to be passive for a change. ‘Things will have changed a lot though by then. Many cinemas might have already closed down and those which remain will be charging much more for the experi a © Read the extract again. Which of the underlined forms is a future continuous form? 1 2 3 © complete the rules. Future continuous: will/may/might sing ‘© Future perfect: will/may/might + . participle nit 6 which a film director [Fy which verb form is used 1. for an action which beg: the future before ably contin specifictime in after it? 2. foranactio time in LANGUAGE TIP ‘The future continuousis also used to talk about things you expect will happen because they usually do. Do you think you'll be going to Spain again this summer? which is already finished by a specific future? By Read the rest of the article and choose the correct option in italics. 1 think by 2050 we'll (1) de sweatchingthave watched an increasing number of 3D films. Film-makers may even (2) be findinglhace found a way to project our faces onto the characters on the screen by that time 1 think here in Hollywood we will still (3) be mating! ave made films ~ I don't think any other country will (A) be replacingthave replaced us as the film-making centre of the world ©) complete the sentences with the future continuous or future perfect form of the verbs in brackets. 1 people (stop) go the cinem: 2. everybody will (use) surround sound systems with their TVs. sion progy fom a huge cyber library me we want to watch. 4 well move and sp: 5. they might (invent) contact len hat we can watch the s 6 holographic TV screens will images around our rooms at home. Tick the sentences you agree with in Activity 6. Then work in pairs and discuss your opinions. Use the expressions from Activity 2 on page 58. ©) Work in pairs. What do you think the world will be like in 2050? What will have changed and what will be happening? Use the ideas in ‘the box to help you. the environment family friends food leisure time medicine and technology travel workVocabulary expressions with get Get has a variety of different meanings. Replace get in questions 1-6 with one of the verbs in the box. Then work in pairs and ask each other the questions. become have move/travel persuade receive understand 1. Was there a subject at schi didn't get? ol that you really 2 What techniques do you use to get people to do what you want? 3) When do you normally get the time to relax? 4. Inwhich situations do you get angry? 5. How-do you get from one place to another? 6 How many you get in an average day? Multiple-choice cloze (Part 1) > EXAM Read the text quickly. What did science fiction get right and wrong when it predicted the future? What did it not predict? cabulary) such as * phrasal verbs (e9, get awa ‘© collocations (eg, do your homework) * words with similar meanings (e, travel tia journey) linking words (eg. although) * set phrases (e.g. on purpose). Read the text again and decide which answer (A.B, Cor D) best fits each gap. Asy 8B Ate D D correc D appeared D except D journey D agains D down D take D solution Work in pairs. Compare your answers and explain why you chose them. Do you agree with the writer about the importance of the computer? What other inventions do you think have had a huge impact on our lives? Tr econ Unbelievable ! Pa eos peel EE Ls Bere TSA Sciencesfction films have promised us many exciting gadgets. We have seen hoverboards, domestic robots and fiying cars, to (0), .2,.0ame, just a few, but most of these predictions have not ‘come (4) yet. Take, for example, the way | 2) to the office this morning: | came by bike @ than on a hoverboard. Not much has changed there, then - the bicycle was Invented in the nineteenth century! Almost the whole (4) was on a form of Tarmac, also invented that same century. Also, (5) some people’s surprise, robots haven't taken (6) either the home or the workplace yet. (On the other hand, in 1987 it was predicted in the TV series Star Trek that we would be using touch- sereen technology before too long. So perhaps fiction doesn’t always (7) it wrong after all. Maybe the most astonishing development has. been the microchip and its place in computers. The @) ‘on our lives has been amazing, and this was never really predicted. Wondrous! 65WRITING FOCUS Report (Part 2) text organisation > WRITING REFERENCE [BD Read the report which a teacher was asked to write for the director of her language college. Answer the questions in pairs. Give examples. 1 What was the purpose of her report? 2 Whatis her recommendation? 3 sitritten in an informal ora formal style? Report on suggestion for a college cinema —— a . The aim of this repor is to outline the advantages ‘and potential problems of investing money in a small ‘cinema, and make recommendations. In order to do this, both students and staff were consulted. @ It was generally believed that a college cinema Could have wide-reaching benefits for both students and teachers, It was suagasted that fims in other languages as well as English could be shown, which would widen the appeal, and that the cinema might also be used for conversation classes. @) ‘The main concerns that were raised are as follows: 1 Itwould be expensive to set up and nun. ® Since many students watch fims on their laptops, they might not be prepared to pay to watch films at acinema, ©. Only big cinemas have access to blockbusters when they frst come out. 4 | am concerned that the cinema may not pay its way at first. However, all things considered, the benefits ‘outweigh the disadvantages. | would therefore recommend going ahead with the project. 66 Unit in the spovig BD Give each of the four secti is of the report, a heading, so that it is easier to read, Choose from the headings in the box. Advantages Introduction Potential problems Recommendations Look at the underlined phrases in the text. Find examples of the following and discuss why they are commonly used in reports. 1. passive forms/reporting verbs 2 linking words 3 clauses of purpose Read the exam task and underline the key words. The director of your collage has asked you to write 2 report on a visit you made to a self-study centre at 2 local university. You should explain how successful it has been and recommend whether or not your college should have one. \write your reportin 140-190 wordsinan appropriate style. Divide these points into the advantages and disadvantages of the study centre you saw. 1 Itisunder-used at weekends. 2. People from the community use the facilities, which helps to fund it. 3. Many students still prefer to study in their own rooms. 4 The worksheets provided give extra practice of classroom work 5A fulltime assistant has to be on duty even if the centre is empty. 6 The‘acity helps to attract potential students to the college 7. Itcost alot to set up because of al the computers, etc 8 Writing materials for the centre is time-consuming for the teachers. ©) write your report for the task in Activity 4. ‘You can use some of the points in Activity 5 ‘as well as your own ideas. EXAM TIP ‘Organise your report under clear headings and include umbers or bullet points to make your points clearly,Bl complete the sentences using the correct form ‘of the word in brackets. 1. Some people think that new technology will lead to the..........,of the film industry, (destroy) 2 An amount of practice can lead ‘to more injuries for dancers. (excess) 3. Thereisno asyet that robots willbe @ serious threat to jobs. evident) 4 Thefilmisa......... accountofa great painter's life. (fiction) 5 _|sometimes ike to escape from. by going toa musical. (real) 6 Wewanted to see a film, but there WASN'T MUCH sna CHOOSE) ‘Complete the sentences with the words in ‘the box. away down into over round through 1 The only way! can get aac talking about dance. 2 Giy Lights ison TV tonight. Inever got 10 seeing thet at the cinema, 3. Ittookhim ages to get... riot being in the play. 4 stayin every night watching TY, itgets ME aun 5. Comedians can’t gt........ with simply repeating the same jokes at every performance. 6 Everyone says i's 2 really good series, but |just can’t Ht saan ntt EX complete the sentences with the future continuous or future perfect form of the verbs. in brackets. to my cousin is by ..the disappointment of 1 Ithinkr'l stil... eam) my lines until just before the play starts, 2. The film may already (start) by the time we get there 3. |hope they'l (show) his stl lifes at the exhibition A We might nun mnns (Use) the same costumes in ‘our next production, 5 People will probably stil watch) live theatre in fifty years' time 6 | think people will (lose) interest in ‘computer games a long time before 2025, Choose the correct option, A, Bor C. 1. Sorry, can't come on Sati. nun AN O14 schoo! friend forlunch. A meet B am meeting € will meet 2. Assoon as she A phones: B will phone € will be phoning 3B [cco MY drama course by the end of next year A willbe completing B will have completed ¢ am completing 4 Thistime tomorrow, ‘of people, A will dance B will be dancing © dance 5 Don'tworry, |haven't forgotten. |. A speak B will have spoken C am going to speak 6 I'limest you after! A finish B amfinishing will finish 7 Don't be nervous. 'm sure you really well tomorrow. A do B are doing © willdo B Let’shurry They oon at 7.30.and then you hav togoin. A dose B are going to close C are closing will you text me? waif front of hundreds _tohim later. work. the theatre doors jt unti the intervalPROGRESS TEST 2 | | | Mul ple-choice cloze (Part 1) Bl For questions 1-8, read the text below and decide which answer (4, B, C or D) best fits in each gap. There eyausunso an example at the beginning. Graffiti: Art or crime? | The (0)¢,.terma.. ‘graffiti’ was originally used by archaeologists to describe the words and pictures scratched on walls by the Greeks and Romans However, araffiti took (1) anew meaning in the mid-1960s when it was used as a means of political communication and resistance. Since then many countries have made graffiti—which can @) alot of time and money to remove from buildings illegal More recently, though, urban artis (3) recognition as a form of cultural expression. Walking through the streets of Barcelona, t0 (4) seman. /USt one of many cities, the graffiti there immediately (5) ones your eye. (6) some cities, such as Buenos Aires, take advantage of the interest in graffiti by orgenising a(7) for tourists around its | colourful streets, Graffiti artists are now being encouraged to display their work in galleries, which is (8) people ask themselves whether graft, when itislegal,should | be renamed street art. | A title Blabel C term —D phrase Aon Bover Cin D round A need Brake = C use D want Againing —_-B gathering € collecting D having Asay Brame C tell D call A takes B pulls C catches _D interests ‘A\Nonetheless B Infact € Otherwise D Afterall Ajoumey B travel C tour D voyage Amaking —B forcing causing starting Progress test 2 Open cloze (Part 2) For questions 9-16, read the text below and think of the word that best fits each gap. Use only one word in each gap. There is an example at the beginning. The coldest city on earth Although the remote region of Yakutsk in ‘Siberia covers more than 2 million square miles, itis home to (0) fewer. than one milion people and has hardly any large towns. In January the temperatures are -45°C, causing the metal on people's spectacles to stick to (9)........ cheeks. Locals claim there are (10) lakes and rivers in the region for each inhabitant to have one, According (11) legend, when the god of creation arrived in Yakutsk, he got (12) cold that his hands were frozen and he dropped all the natural resources there, The capital of the region, also called Yakutsk, is six time zones away from Moscow. There's no railway, so travellers have the option of a 1,000-mile boat ride up the Lena Fiver during (13)... few months of the year when it isn’t frozen, or they have to use the ‘Road of Bones’, (14) vw Was built by prisoners and can only be used in winter, when the rivers freeze over. Truck drivers bringing supplies to remote villages go in pairs and never tur their engines (15) during the two-week drive (16) they break down on the little- used road, it means almost certain deathPROGRESS TEST 2 Word formation (Part 3) Key word transformation For questions 17-24, read the text below. (Part 4) Use the word glven ncopitals atthe end of py ; For questions 25-30, complete the second Spears SF aid lines «8 Tormn & enero sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the ‘the gap in the same line. There is an example ae aTUaFE the word giioarbeet di so change the word given. You must use between eeiiae | two and five words, including the word given. In the kitchen of the Archipelago arp aaitant ilordon, thahedeher {don't think John hes got his father’s musica talent ismaking final (0) .preperntions. to. PREPARE AFTER cone of the salads that has helped John doesn’t appear to take after his fathers faras to make his restaurant so famous. ‘musical talent fs concerned. Taking a wok ofthe stove, he spoons 25 You willget the results by Friday. 2AM) vooennnn FOS sauce SPICE GIVEN onto 2 bed of salad lees At os eee oe i ee eee 26 A fast-food chain has taken over two of our any other Thai salad, with its local restaurants. chill, garlic and many other (19) ceennnnnne ingredients. But COLOUR — | . aie it'snotlong before you can recogni Two of our local restaurants .....wnmsnremnnennamannsene ie 2 Cee fast-food chain. the shape of an insect - the thin legs, huge eyes anc long tail of a 27 Neatly althe shops in this town are expensive. locust. The less (20) ADVENTURE | HARDLY | among us would not be too keen Thee sa shops inthis town, con eating insects such as locusts 28 Many people believe that too much sugaris bad for and crickets but they are, in fact, your health. (21) ecnnesnenemne TaSty. Many SURPRISE To people find the idea of eating insects Foo ride atoar etey (22) However, for FASCINATE Wa heath: 2 supine 7: Dillon sot ents 29° George hadn't finished doing his homework when | population, insects like these form Gee HE Nbc. | | | | part of their (23) diet. DAY This is very (24) as FORTUNE ARIEL, they are low in fat, high in protein | George when went to and full of vitamins as well as being | pick him up. energy efficient | 30. My brother often ares unexpectedly TURNING My brothers. sou unexpectedly, Progress test2 69T A place to live EXAM TIP Inthis part of the reading test the focus is on scanning for information. Skimming for gist fist wil give you an idea of the overall content but must be done quickly l You are going to read an article about young people who live with their parents. Read the title and discuss the questions. 1 What do you think tly the nest’ means? 2 When do young people in your country typically leave home? Multiple matching (Part 7) > EXAM FOCUS 0.18 Read the texts quickly. The general attitude of the four people to living with their families is that it's a) convenient, b) extremely dificult. ¢) great. In questions 1-10, underline the key words and look for synonyms and paraphrases in the texts. For questions 2-10, choose the best answer from the people A-D. Which person says that 2 family member disapproves of her lifestyle choice? 2 few people she knows pity her for the situation she is in? her parents have mixed feelings ebout her being at home? 31 she doesn't expect her parents to do everything for her while she's living with them? L4 1) her living arrangements are a good solution for a short period 51 there are potential health implications of being out of work? Ls some young people these days have litle control over their lives? she would prefer to change the surroundings that she lives in? she was encouraged to lead an independent life while stil a teenager? the lack of privacy means she is sometimes reluctant to entertain at home? Work in pairs and discuss why you chose the answers you did.UC CRRA Ud ee ee URE LCR ONL) back and live with their parents. | Maria, 28, Ireland only way could afer totran tobe a teacher as.a mature sutent was to move eck home, a | cult pay the high cent for university accommodation. On an ry basi’ eas it's no long-term commitment and geton wel wth ny ents Hovng sed that, 2 Soon asm quai and working move out and get nm place The benefits are main financial athoughitsnice to have supportive ns axound afte ba day's we though, thatthe general eatin to fee forme. Various fiend and cleagus thnk it mast be afl, even though tell mi by choice and Im lucky to have the option. There are no round rules but tobe quiet when | etn late or leave early. Adit hasn't had too much impact ry soeallif although attimesitdoes aut you of having people over when you Dwyour mum might pop in at any moment! 3 Gaia, 26, Italy tee, my dad told me to explore the word and stand on my own feet. spent eo years inthe USA as part of my fist degiee and then did a Master's degree in =renein international ations aso hada wonderulyear working forthe Urited sons Development Programme in raz and few months in Brussels But despite =, tm back nthe city where was born and living wth my parents again. The |= that you don't have to wory about housework means you can concentrate on sie. do mate an efor otto take my parents or rated though, so share S cooking, for example. | have diferent vlunter activites but my main focus is 6 for areal odo t want to be rit bt | think our generation is sufeing ae you dont have aj, you arent empowered and can't ead your own le = sued in Rome, Stockholm and Warsaw but afte came back to Malm | sto daa degree injournasm so | decided to stay with my father He doesnt me anything fr rent or fod org nw m saving alt of money and ican watever | want even have partes. tit stil doesn't feel ke my home soits = sa. oud paint and decorate the house and ihr stuff out one thinks’ col that lve with my dad, apart from my sister, wh think is ced that lazy and poled andthattstme forme to mave out.'mthe ony raw who ives athome ~ ithe social norm in Sweden tobe independent. if aula studetloan, could afford to ent a lat by myself but that woud imply staying here and when fish ry degree | want o move toStocthol | =: you havea beter chance of fnng ajob there, even thoughts so expensive Daniela, 22, UK srodvted, | ended up sending sic moths unsuccessful ooking for work 5 petod my parent me af yng rent even though they are ako finding jnancally atthe moment. ve now managed to nd some parttime bar ting werk: Mum and dad lke having me around and know being back home se bt thee worried about me and are aware tatitis important forme to = ny wigs. read somehere that lorg-rm unemployment can make people and anvous and | nyse spent couse of months ell tugging before | toll un my ctniidenc and fel happy again. The problem isthat people niglaterand, 5 a est, there arena s manyobs fe higher up. love to = 2st =| patty miss not being abet have my mates ound to stay but ve the money ojo secufty to make that nancial commitment READING FOCUS Vocabulary phrasal verbs ©) complete the sentences with the words the box. You can use the words more than once. Then check with the underlined words in the article, off on out up 1 Iget well with my parents. 2. Assoon as'm qualified and working, ll move ‘and get my own place, 3 Itdoes putyou.........having people over when you know yourmum might pop in at ‘any moment! 4 fl could, I'd paint and decorate the house and ‘throw stuff, 5 TITOOK oannun a student loan, | could afford to rentafiat My parents let me... aying rent. | myself spent a couple of months really struggling before iwes able tobuil........ my confidence Match the phrasal verbs in Activity 6 to their meanings A-G. Check the context in the text. A. give permission not to do something B leave the house you are living in in order to live somewhere else © _getrid of something by putting it in abin or giving ittosomeone have @ good relationship increase ‘make you not went to do something ‘borrow money (from a bank or institution) ED work in pairs. Choose three phrasal verbs each and write a sentence for each one about your life. Your partner should ask you questions to find out more information. No anmo Example: A: hoping to take out a loan to buy acer B: That's great. When did you pass your test? BD work in groups and discuss the questions. 1. What will you miss or did you miss most about your home when you mave(d) out? 2 How difficult is it for young people in your country to find somewhere to buy or rent? 3 What moredo you think your country could do to ‘help young people? | Unit nGRAMMAR FOCUS 2 Modal verbs possibility and certainty > GRAMMAR REFERENCE p.!53 DD Do you think this newspaper headline could be true/must be true or can’t be true? Give reasons. Life expectancy to reach 100 years globally within 10 years BD Underline a modal verb of possibility or certainty in each sentence. The first one is done for you. 1 His German must be very good after ten years in Berlin 2. You can'tbe serious about driving in this fog, It’sdangerous. 3. He may decide to lve at home afterall. He keeps changing his mind. 4 He couldn't have been staying with his brother. They don't get on at all 5 That could be Steve over there on the right. Oritmight be Andy: ©) complete the gaps in rules A-C with the underlined modal verbs. A. When weare sure something is true, we use B When weare sure something isnot true, we use or © When we think something is possibly tue we use or © Which verb form do we use after the modal in a) the present? b) the past? LANGUAGE TIP Use the weak form of have /hav/ in past modals. ‘She must have /mastav/ missed the bus. ability Look at sentences A-E and underline a modal of ability. The first one is done for you. Then match sentences 1-5 in Activity 2 to A-E. A He couldn't have found a flat he wants to rent, B Maybe he was able to find a room ata friend's instead. You won't be able to see a thing. D I can’t see very well without my glasses. E Buthe couldn't speak a word before he went Unit7 A place to [Bl which of the phrases you underlined in Activity 5 refers to general ability in the past? ablltyin the future? abiltyin the present? ability on a particular occasion in the past? things which were possible but didn’t happen? Boveuos Choose the best alternative in italics. Explain your choices. He might/must be here somewhere because he promised tomeet me 2 After we'd tried everything, we could/were able to get the computer to work at ast. 3 | hope can/to be able to finish this work today. 4 Surely they couldn't have been playing/may have been playing football al that time! 5. Sam couldn't have been/nasn't able to have been diving ‘the car, He was at home with me. 2) Work in pairs. Take turns to use the cues in brackets ‘to make responses to the statements. Remember to use the weak form of have /hav/ for past forms. 1A: James looks very relaxed these days, B: (must/oive up/work) 2. A: Ithink that’s Alfie who's running towards us. & (can't/never take/any exercise) 3 A: Florence keeps checking her phone. B : : (may/expect/a message) 4A: Isthat your mother in front of usin the queue? B: (coukdn’t/get here/before us) 5A: Ican’tunderstand where the catis in all this ain B: (could/hide/in the shed) DD complete the sentences with expressions of ability so that they are true for you. Use the ideas in the box to help you. cook playa musical instrument run a marathon ride a motorbike/horse speak a language fluently Example: / used to be able to run a marathon when | was fitter used to Once, One day, Ihope Ive never twould be nice my life had been different, . ousunsstating preferences and speculating > EXAM ‘Work in pairs and compare the photographs. Use some of these expressions of certainty, probability and doubt. Ielooks like/as Itmust/could/may/can’ imagine (that they are) (oe/have been) ertain (they are) As far as | can see, (they are) ‘suppose (they are). They are defini Read the exam task. Then listen toa student doing it. Which place did he choose? Look at the photos, which show unusual places to stay. Compare the photog’ sand say which cf the places you think would be more enjoyable tostay at. Complete these sentences, which focus on expressions of speculation. Then listen again and check. 1 'mnotabsolutely what the place on the righ 2 bean underwater hot 3. Theotherone to have been builtin the tees. 4. The underwater hote! quite luxurious. 5. The treehouse tobe more b 6 Itwould be less expensive to stay at 7H be an interesting experience to stay at both of them, 8 Id the treehouse might nat be such fun in bad weather. Listen again to the sentences from Activity 3 and underline the words which are stressed, Practise saying them with the same ‘certain’ or ‘uncertain’ intonation. in the fist part, summarise the main similarity and difference. Mention any other similarities and diferences'f you have time. Don’t describe one picture indetail Work in pairs. Turn to page 135 and complete Task 1. Then turn to page 137 and swap roles for Task 2.74 Vocabulary describing places BD What is your idea of a paradise on earth? Think about the landscape, the people and the way of life. Look at the photograph of a place in Tibet. Which of these adjectives could you use to describe it? inspiring magnificent bustling cosy mysterious peaceful polluted remote run-down EE) © 22 Underline the stressed syllable in each adjective in Activity 2 and then listen and check. Practise saying the words. [By match some of the adjectives in Activity 2 to the groups of adjectives in italics which have ‘the same meaning, 41 The most otematie/stunning/splendlio/imoressive view Wve seen is 2. AlAnisolated/secluded/i place I've been to is 3. find... atranguil/aim/soothing/relaxing place to be 4 think... has a welrd/strange/curious/unusual atmosphere 5 Visiting .. was an upliing/moving/stimulating/ spiritual experience iccessible/out-of-the-way 1 complete the sentences in Activity 4 so that ‘they are true for you. Then discuss in groups which view sounds the most dramatic, which place was the most isolated, ete. Unit 7 A pla Multiple choice (Part 4) D EXAM FOCUS p.18 © You will hear a journalist interviewing a travel writer called Olivia Rees about Shangri-La. Read the questions and options and underline the key words. Discuss other ways you could say these words. (© 2%4 Listen and choose the best answer, A Bor 1. Olivia believes thatthe novel Lost Horizon was popular inthe 1930s because ‘A. people needed an escape from realty at that time, B_ the film adaptation made it a household name. € ittook place samewhere that very few travellers had visited. 2. In Olvia's opinion, people can still relate to the novel because A it involves choices which are relevant to us all. B adventure stories never go out of fashion family disagreements are always interesting 3. The people of Shangri-La were considered to be Lunusual because oftheir A. high level of educational achievement. B indifference to acquiring money. ability to avoid ever looking older 4 Olivia found itinteresting that the author, James Hiton, A. was influenced by Buddhist beliefs B had only made one trip to Tibet © gotallhis information from books end magazines. 5 Olivia says the similarities between the stories of Shambhala and Shangri-La show that Hilton A took an interest in Tibetan culture B believed such a society could realy exist wes unable to think of original ideas. 6 Olivia says that the county of Zhongdian A. was originally called Shangii-ta B is recognised as the setting for the novel has found a new source of income. 7. OlWia says the reaction of people who visit modern-day Shangri-La may be A surprise at the number of tourists who go there. B disepoointment because itis different from the book's description. dissatisfaction that the scenery is not beautifulPrsmiy tip | s|04 soptenber Last year we decided to (1) get away without the rest of the family as a birthday treat. My sister, who lives near the airport, offered to (2) put us up for the night and the next morning we (3) set offin plenty of time to drive to the airport. Even though the snow (@)held us up for 2 ite while, the trip was fine and Wwe got there in plenty of time, My husband (5) dropped me off in front of the departures gate and he went to park the car while 1 joined 2 queue to (6) cheek In our bags for the fight. However, ninety minutes later, the final cal for our fight was being announced and my husband stil wasn’t back. waited. Eventually, ne (7) turned up, very stressed, and we arrived at the departure gate with only 2 few ‘minutes to spare. Apparently he (B) had left his coat behind in the car after he'é parked and had to go back to get it because his passport was in the pocket. Unfortunately he'd also forgotten where held parked it! By Listen again and check your answers to question 1 in Activity 6. The audio script on page 213 will help you. 1 Which words from options A, B and C are mentioned in. the recording? Which words are a paraphrase of the correct answer? \Which words show why the wrong options are wrong? 2 3 DD what places in your country or elsewhere in the world 1 havea relaxed pace of life? 2 have/haver'tlived up to your expectations? 3 are cut off from the outside world? Vocabulary travel: collocations and phrasal verbs [DD choose the word in italics which does NOT collocate with the noun. ‘a domestic/direct/long-distance/seasonal fight a season/direct/one-way/open/retum ticket a sightseeing/package/round/quided tour a package/camping/shopping/tourist expedition {BD Match the phrasal verbs (1-8) in the text to ‘their meanings A-H. 1 2 3 4 5 6 [B) Have you ever almost missed a flight? What. {a tourist/weekend/long-distance/sightseeing excursion —-® eee ai coretesl F ae a business/caach/day/round/cirect trip a eon B cegister G anive ©. provide a bed H delay happened? Compare your experience with ae pine tetas E haveaholiday ‘Work in pairs and describe a trip you have been on. Use some of the expressions in Activity 12 to describe the journey and place itself. Think about, for example: + when you left home. * howyyou gottto your destination, + who went with you any problems during your journey. * your reaction to the place when you got there + ii 75mi GRAMMAR FOCUS 76 Relative clauses >» GRAMMAR REFEREN' EG) Read the text and guess which place is being described. Decide wi A. adefining relative clause (provides essential information) B_ anon-defining relative clause (adds exta information) Ey inwhich line(s) could the relative pronoun (and preposition, if there is one) lines contain be replaced by that? be left out? be replaced by where? A e c 1D doin these pairs of sentences using relative clauses. Add ‘commas where necessary. There may be more than one possibility. 1. Thenearest town is Skm from here. It doesn’t have atrain station 2 Many local people now work in tourism, They used to work in the fishing industry 3. Where's the bus? It goes to the beach 4. This hotel belongs toa woman She's not here at the moment, 5 Insummer the water i always warm, You can go swimming, 6 That man isatour guide. | met him yesterday. 7. The road takes you to the top ot mountain. i's very steep. the 8 The place is very beautiful We stayed there last summer. B Describe one of the most popular places in your country and why people go there. Use the phrases below. ' I’ssomewhere that a place which The people who live there One reason why people like itis Unit 7 tHE LAND oF 1S NEE a ies 3c island, I af only 370,000. Around two thirds of people live inthe southwest of the country, where the capital Reykjavik is situated, In recent years the island, whose main attraction is its abundance of volcanoes and geysers, has become increasingly dependent on tourism. It's easy to understand why most tourists who come to the island choose to come in summer, when there are over twenty hours of daylight. But although known as ‘the land of ice and fire’, winter temperatures, which average about -1° C, are not as cold as you might expect. One of the places which tourists most want to go to is the Blue Lagoon, « naturally heated pool of seawater in the middle of a lava field, in which you can bathe all year round. so, such, too, enough, very > GRAMMAR p [Ey Look at the underlined examples with so/such/enough and very and match 1-5 to A-C to make rules about how they are used in a sentence. Some letters are used more than once. Itrained so heauily and the roads were so dangerous that | decid not to go It takes too long to walk there and a tax will cost too much He wes in such a temper that we couldn't argue with him, She didn’t have enough money to buy the coat she wanted He's clever enough to find the solution Very few people have been there and yet there are so many wonderf ‘places to visit soisused he concentrates, enough is used such is used toois used very is used before a noun/after an adjective. before a noun (+ adjective) nerusune before an adjective/adverb/determiner (e.g, much/many/few),LANGUAGE TIP Too/enough are often followed by the infinitive tt wastoo hot to work/It was warm enough to swim. So/such ate often followed by that. | wasso tired that /fell asleep on the bus/t had such 3 ‘good time that | went there again. BD complete the sentences with enough, so, such, too or very. 1 Hewas surprised that he went to check 2. Mybrotherisn’t practical to put up a shelf 3. Isn’tyour car ‘old to drive all that way? 4 There atent sun Many people who could do that 5 We Rad nun G00d time that we decided to stay for longer. 6 isthat fruit ripe. toeatyet? 7) Hedid ...... well in his exams that nobody believed him at frst. BSA veo interesting book ‘Complete the sentences so they are true about you. Then work in pairs and compare. 1. haven't gat enough time 2 I’ssuch a wonderful opportunity 3. It'ssoexciting 4 |don’t think I'm old enough 5 Ihaveveryfew.. 6 tt’stoo expensive it is, there is > GRAMMAR REFERENCE p 155 ED choose the correct pronoun in italics. (1) itcthere is very expensive to take a taxi in some countries and (2) there is always the problem of whether and how much to tip the driver. In some countries (3) i/there is not customary to tip them at allso (4) t/there doesn't seem to be a general rule. For that reason (5) it/there is a goad idea to find ‘out what the customs are before visiting @ country otherwise (6) it/there might be misunderstandings. And (7) it/there is no point offending people unnecessarily these days when it's so easy to find out if (8) t/there isa difference in social customs. ED complete these sentences with it or there and a form of be if necessary. 1 not unusual to have dinner at 10:30am, 2 ‘common for men to greet each other with a kiss on the cheek. } 3 might sometimes be applause when a guest arrives. Fcusua M9 Need t tip waitersin restaurants, Make sentences with it and there to describe customs in your own country. Key word transformation | (Part 4) PD EXAM FOCUS 0.187 ©) complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given, Do not change the word given. You must use between two and five words, including the word given. EXAM TIP Remember contractions, ¢.g. n't count as two words 1. itwastoo foggy for us to ski so twas not sk 2 Hecouldn'tafford a tax, so he went by bus. ENOUGH He senna fOF 8 taxi 50 he went by bus. 3. There was so much traffic that we missed the show. SUCH There was that we missed the show. 4 had a wonderful time and | really enjoyed seeing everyone again GREAT {had a wonderful ime and everyone again 5 Hesaid| didn’t need to make an appointment NEED He seid forme to make an appointment. 6 | think that teking your coat is unnecessary, POINT Ithink that vw taking your coat. ewoive 77dita FOCUS 78 Essay (Part |) including a range of structures > WRITING "ERENCE pp.!66 and 167 1) Discuss whether you agree or disagree with the statements about travel and say why. 1. It broadens the mind 2. itis better to spend money on possessions. 3 You don't need to travel because you can experience what countries are like online ‘Travel develops skils such as self-reliance. Travel is good for your CV. Mee Look at the essay title and think of points for and against. How would you organise the essay? fi mmm DO000000000099 Some people argue that traveling abroad isa valuable part of every young person’s education. To what extent would you agree with this opinion? Notes Write about: | 1 thecost 2 being independent 3 jek advantages (your own idea) ©) Read the model essay opposite. What are the main points and the supporting information in each paragraph? © complete the sentences with the linking words/phrases in the box. evenif if sothat this unless which ¥ you apply for a programme. vo. Provides accommodation, you still have to pay for the flight. 2 Many young people work in a restaurant ‘they can save enough for the airfare. 3. You don't gain independence from going abroad you learn the language. allows you to mix with the people, 4 YOU spend most of your time with people of your own nationality, it can tum out to be just like an. extended holiday. unit 7 Some people argue that travelling abroad isa valuable. part of every young person's education. ‘what extant would you agree with this opinion? Insome: parts of the world travelling abroad before Starting univertity o finding job i Seen asa very uief experience to have. However, obviouly not everyone can afford it Even if you apply fora volunteer programme which provides food and ‘ccommedation, you sill have to find the money to travel ‘there. Many young people work ina shop or restaurant 30 that they can fave up enough forthe air fare, Inaddition, it could be argued that you don't mecettarily goin independence ftom going abroad unless you learn the language. This allows you to mix with the people ling thor. IF you speind most of your time with people cof your un nationality, it can turn out to be just like an extended holidey. You may mot learn alot from it. (On the poritive side, having lived in another country it often on advantage when applying for jobs because it shout you have experienced other eultures and developed some lf sil Portonaly. | think the ideol time to travel it when you are young and have. mo commitments. Having said that cit wat practical for everyone. 1 Work in pairs. Turn to page 139 and follow ‘the instructions. EXAM TIP Include a range of simple and complex sentences to make your essay more effective LANGUAGE TIP. Try to include adverbs which show your attitude, such as personally, obviously and unfortunately. 1 Exchange essays with another student and think about the questions. 1 Have you included all the information required? 2. Have you organised the essay into paragraphs? 3° Have you included linking words? 4 Are your main points backed up with supporting detail? 5 Have you included 2 mix of simple and complex sentences?