MEMORY AND THE MULTI-STORE

MODEL

 Memory can be defined as a system of retaining information from our daily experiences. Our daily experiences create schemas, which are mental
shortcuts/information that you know about the world around you
 Memory involves three basic features: coding, storage and retrieval that differ in terms of capacity, duration and coding
 Developed by Atkinson and Shiffrin and includes three separate unitary stores. Information flows in a fixed linear order

AO1:
Sensory register: Short term memory: Long term memory:
 Gathers information from the sense organs  Information is encoded semantically  Information is encoded semantically
and each sense is encoded differently
 There is a limited capacity of 5-9 items  There is an unlimited capacity
 There is a very large capacity
 A limited duration of 18-30 seconds  There is a duration from a few minutes to a
 A limited duration of 0.5 seconds lifetime
 Maintenance rehearsal allows information to be
 Paying attention to sensory information will held in the short term memory  Forgetting occurs because of interference and
allow the information to pass through the retrieval failure (cue dependent forgetting)
short term memory  Elaborative rehearsal transfers information
from the short term memory store to the long
 Forgetting occurs when no attention is paid term memory store

 Forgetting occurs in the short term memory

AO2/AO3:
 Supporting evidence  Supporting evidence  Support from Glanzer & ー Refuting evidence from ー Over emphasises the role
from clinical studies from clinical studies Cunitz Clive Wearing of rehearsal
P There is research to P There is research to P There is research to P There is research that P There is research to
support the notion that support the notion that support the notion that criticises the MSM’s view criticise the MSM over
the short term and long the short term and long the short term and long that the LTM is unitary emphasis on rehearsal
term memory stores are term memory stores are term memory stores are E Clive Wearing contracted E Brown and Kulik found
separate as suggested by separate as suggested by separate as suggested by a viral infection causing that flashbulb memories
the multi-store model the multi-store model of the multi-store model extensive brain damage. were a special type of
E Chronic alcoholism can memory E When participants were He lost his long-term memory that required no
sometimes result in E KF suffered brain damage asked to recall a list of declarative memory, e.g. rehearsal for information
Korsakoff's syndrome, as a result of a words they were more has no memory of his to be stored long term
which damages parts of motorcycle accident. It likely to remember the wedding. But he still has and these memories
the brain. It has little had no effect on LTM, but first few and the last few use of his long-term would be remembered
effect on STM but led to poor performance words and were more procedural memory, e.g. because they were funny,
severely impairs LTM on many STM tasks likely to forget those in he can still play piano distinctive or significant
E The fact that a Korsakoff’s E If the short and long term the middle of the list. The E The MSM believed that E Flashbulb memories
patient are able to have a memory existed as a words at the beginning of the LTM store was contradict the MSM’s
normally functioning combined memory store the list could be unitary. Clive Wearing view that information
STM, while having a than KF would have lost rehearsed and contradicts this view must be rehearsed to be
severely impaired LTM all of his memory transferred into the LTM. because he demonstrated transferred to the LTM.
suggests that these stores functioning. However, Although, words at the that our LTM is This is because these
are functioning this was not the case, end of the list were able compartmentalised into memories can be stored
completely which suggests these to be remembered declarative and in the LTM store with no
independently and exist stores are separate and because they were still in procedural memory. In rehearsal, which
as separate entities exist independently as the STM Clive Wearing’s case he contradicts the
L Therefore, this increases identified by the MSM E Memory appears to had lost declarative importance placed on
the validity of the MSM’s L Therefore, increasing the consist of separate stores memory and retained his rehearsal by the MSM
suggestion that the short validity of the MSM and the position of the procedural memory L Therefore reducing the
and long term memories word on the list because the LTM contains validity of the MSM
are separate stores determined which separate sub-sections. A
memory store the word view that isn’t
would be stored in acknowledge by the MSM
L Therefore, increasing the L Therefore, reducing the
validity of the MSM validity of the MSM
assumption that the STM
and LTM are separate
memory stores

NOTE: Only select the relevant AO1s (e.g. 2/3 points) and four evaluation points (AO2/AO3)