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Applicaton of Derivatives

The document discusses how derivatives are used to find extreme values of functions, determine shapes of graphs, and find where functions are equal to zero. It provides definitions and steps for finding absolute maximum and minimum values of functions by taking the derivative, setting it equal to zero to find critical points, and evaluating the second derivative at those points. Examples are given to demonstrate finding the absolute max and min of a cubic function on a given interval.

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Ali Hamza
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40 views

Applicaton of Derivatives

The document discusses how derivatives are used to find extreme values of functions, determine shapes of graphs, and find where functions are equal to zero. It provides definitions and steps for finding absolute maximum and minimum values of functions by taking the derivative, setting it equal to zero to find critical points, and evaluating the second derivative at those points. Examples are given to demonstrate finding the absolute max and min of a cubic function on a given interval.

Uploaded by

Ali Hamza
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Applications of derivatives

Lecturer
Rahila Batool
Applications of derivatives:
The derivatives are used to
• Find extreme value of function
• To determine and analyze the shapes of graphs
• To find where function is numerically zero.
Extreme value of a function:
Absolute Maximum

Def:

Let f be a function with domain D. Then f has an absolute maximum


value on D at a point c
if
f(x) ≤ f(c) for all x in D
Extreme value of a function:
Absolute Minimum

Def:

Let f be a function with domain D. Then an absolute minimum value


on D at point c
if
f(x) ≥ f(c) for all x in D.
Steps to find extreme maximum and
minimum value:
• Step 1:
𝑑𝑦
find derivative of that function 𝑑𝑥

• Step 2
𝑑𝑦
Put 𝑑𝑥 =0

We obtain the value x=c , that value is called critical point.


Steps to find extreme maximum and
minimum value:
• Step 3:
𝑑 2𝑦
find again derivative of that function 𝑑𝑥2 then put x=c
𝑑2𝑦
If 𝑑𝑥2 x=c > 0 then its absolute minimum
𝑑2𝑦
If 𝑑𝑥2 x=c < 0 then its absolute maximum
𝑑2𝑦
If 𝑑𝑥2 x=c = 0 then no absolute maximum/minimum
Example:
Find the maximum and minimum value from the function
y=x3-3x on the interval 0≤x≤2
Step 1:
𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑥 = 3x2 -3

Step 2:
𝑑𝑦
Put 𝑑𝑥 =0
Example (continued ):
3x2 -3=0
3(x2 -1)=0
3(x-1)(x+1)=0
x=-1 or x=1
x=-1 ‘ll be ignored because this value is not included in interval
which is 0≤x≤2 so,
Critical point is 1
Example (continued ):
Put x=0,1,2
1 is critical point while 0,2 are end points.
f(0)= 03-3(0)
=0
f(1)= 13-3(1)
=-2 this is the least value at x=1
f(2)= 23-3(2)
=2 this is the greatest value at x=2
Example (continued ):

So,
Absolute maximum=2 at x=2
Absolute minimum =-2 at x=1
Local maxima:

A local maximum point on a function is a point (x,y) on the graph of the


function whose y coordinate is larger than all other y coordinates on
the graph at points "close to'' (x,y). More precisely, (x,f(x)) is a local
maximum if there is an interval (a,b) with a<x<b and f(x)≥f(z) for every z
in (a,b)
Local minimum :

Similarly, (x,y) is a local minimum point if it has locally the smallest y


coordinate. Again being more precise:
(x,f(x)) is a local minimum if there is an interval (a,b) with a<x<b and
f(x)≤f(z) for every z in (a,b).
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ABS MAXIMUM, ABS MIN.
VS LOCAL MAXIMUM AND LOCAL MINIMUM
Practice questios:

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